CSS3开发者指南：未来网页设计的前沿探索

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"The Book of CSS3是Peter Gasston所著的一本关于Web设计未来开发者指南。这本书由No Starch Press出版，详细介绍了CSS3的相关知识和技术。" 在Web设计领域，CSS3是不可或缺的一部分，它极大地扩展了CSS（层叠样式表）的功能，允许开发者创建更为复杂和动态的网页布局。《The Book of CSS3》深入浅出地讲解了CSS3的各种新特性，帮助读者掌握这个不断演进的Web设计未来。 CSS3的新特性包括但不限于： 1. **选择器**：CSS3引入了更强大的选择器，如属性选择器、伪类和伪元素，如`:hover`、`:first-child`和`:nth-child()`，使定位和操作页面元素更加精确。 2. **边框与背景**：CSS3允许使用圆角边框、多边形边框和渐变背景，增加了设计的灵活性。例如，`border-radius`可以创建无锯齿的圆形或椭圆形元素，而`linear-gradient`和`radial-gradient`则可以创建出丰富的背景图案。 3. **阴影与变换**：`box-shadow`和`text-shadow`为元素添加了深度感，而`transform`属性则可以实现旋转、缩放、平移和倾斜效果，增强了视觉表现力。 4. **媒体查询**：媒体查询是响应式设计的基础，通过`@media`规则，开发者可以根据设备的不同特性（如屏幕尺寸、分辨率、方向等）应用不同的样式，实现自适应布局。 5. **Flexbox**和**Grid布局**：这两种布局模型改变了我们构建网页布局的方式。Flexbox（弹性盒布局）处理单轴布局，提供了一种灵活且易于控制的子元素排列方式。Grid布局则提供了二维布局能力，使得创建复杂的网格系统变得简单。 6. **颜色与字体**：CSS3支持更丰富的颜色表示，如RGBA和HSLA，以及透明度控制。同时，`@font-face`规则允许开发者使用自定义字体，增强了网站的个性化设计。 7. **动画与过渡**：`transition`和`animation`属性使得元素状态之间的平滑转换成为可能，创造出动态效果，提升了用户体验。 8. **多列布局**：`column-count`和`column-gap`等属性允许将内容自动分到多个列，简化了多列布局的设计。 9. **CSS预处理器**：虽然不是CSS3标准的一部分，但Sass、Less等预处理器在CSS3的背景下得到了广泛应用，它们提供了变量、嵌套规则和混合等功能，提高了代码的可维护性和可读性。 10. **CSS模块化**：随着CSS的发展，模块化成为一种趋势。如CSS Grid Layout、CSS Scroll Snap、CSS Paint API等都是独立的模块，允许开发者按需引入，降低耦合性。《The Book of CSS3》不仅介绍了这些技术，还包含了实际案例和最佳实践，旨在帮助读者熟练掌握CSS3，充分利用其潜力，创造出更具创新性和用户体验的Web设计。无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，这本书都是一本宝贵的参考资料，能助你与时俱进，引领Web设计的未来。

PREFACE

This book is the culmination of five years’ writing about

CSS3, both on the Web and in print. The browser and

CSS landscape has changed a lot in that short time and

continues to change today, bringing new features and

implementations at a rate that’s difficult to keep up with. The CSS3 specifi-

cation is written in (often dense) technical language that’s intended for

implementers rather than end users, and my intent in writing this book was

to bridge the gap between specification and web developer.

I wrote about the CSS properties in the earlier chapters of this book

with certainty, because they’re well implemented and used on a daily basis.

As I progressed through the book, I was able to learn more from experimen-

tation and the work of pioneers and early adopters. By the final few chapters

I had to rely on interpretation of the CSS3 specification to explain how future

properties will behave. I would hope that there are few mistakes, but I accept

that any that exist are based on my own misunderstanding.

In addition to the CSS3 specification itself, an invaluable resource was

the Mozilla Developer Network (https://developer.mozilla.org/), a peerless col-

lection of articles about anything web related—not least CSS—which is all

the more amazing for being written by volunteers. The text used in many of

xxii Introduction

What I aim to do with this book is introduce you to what you can do with

CSS3 now and what you’ll be able to do with it in the future. I want to take

the dense technical language of the CSS3 specification and translate it into

language that’s plain and practical.

In short, I want to give you some new tools for your toolkit and let you

make cool stuff with them.

The Scope of This Book

CSS can be used across many types of media; almost any device that’s capable

of displaying HTML or XML can also display CSS rules, albeit in a limited

form sometimes. CSS3 has two modules devoted exclusively to paged media,

such as PDF or printed materials, and also supports braille, handheld mobile

devices (i.e., cellphones rather than smartphones), teletypes, and televisions.

The range and breadth of possibilities is so vast that I can’t cover them all.

What this book focuses on is CSS for the computer screen. All of the

demonstrations were written for (and tested in) the most common desktop

browsers, and they’re optimized for users of desktop and laptop computers.

Although many of the new features in this book will still work if you’re devel-

oping for other devices—especially smartphones and tablets—I make no

guarantees or assurances that everything will display exactly as shown in the

examples contained herein.

A Quick Note About Browsers and Platforms

I wrote the majority of this book—and, therefore, the majority of the demon-

strations and examples—on a computer running Ubuntu 10.04 with Firefox,

Chrome, and Opera installed. Other portions were written on a MacBook

Pro with Safari installed. Tests for Internet Explorer were performed using

Windows 7. (The exact versions of all of the browsers used can be found in

the introduction to Appendix A.)

Throughout this book, I mostly make reference to Firefox and WebKit.

The perspicacious among you will notice that Firefox is a type of browser,

whereas WebKit is a type of layout engine, and wonder why I don’t refer to the

Gecko layout engine used by Firefox or to any WebKit-based browser by name.

The reason is quite simple: Firefox is clearly the preeminent Gecko-based

browser, whereas Chrome and Safari dispute the eminence of WebKit between

them. As a simple space-saving exercise, I will say “WebKit” rather than “Chrome

and Safari.” The exception to this rule is when a specific feature or syntax only

appears in one type of WebKit browser—such as hardware-accelerated 3D

transformations in Safari—in which case, I refer to the name of the browser

in question.

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