Delphi XE5开发指南：语言概述与基础元素详解

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本资源是一份针对Delphi XE5和XE6的开发教材，旨在提供实用且详尽的教学指导。Delphi是由Embarcadero Technologies公司开发的面向对象的集成开发环境（IDE），主要用于快速构建Windows应用程序，特别是桌面应用和移动应用。教材主要覆盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **语言概述**：这部分介绍了Delphi XE5和XE6的语言基础，包括程序组织结构和编程的基本概念，帮助开发者理解如何构建一个有序和高效的代码框架。 2. **程序和单元**：章节详细讲解了Delphi中的程序和单元（Units）的概念，强调了它们在模块化编程中的作用，以及如何通过`uses`语句引用和管理不同的单元。 3. **命名空间与使用**：教材深入讨论了命名空间在Delphi中的运用，包括声明、搜索和使用命名空间，这对于大型项目中的代码组织至关重要。 4. **语法元素基础**：包括Delphi特有的字符集、注释和编译指令，以及表达式（如运算符、函数调用、集合构造等）的使用方法。 5. **声明和语句**：这部分涵盖了变量、常量的声明，以及简单和结构化语句的编写规则，有助于开发者掌握Delphi的编程语法。 6. **数据类型、变量和常量**：重点介绍了Delphi中的数据类型分类，如基本类型（如整型、浮点型）、枚举类型和数组，以及如何创建和管理变量和常量。 7. **类型转换**：讲解了在Delphi中进行类型转换的方法，这对于处理不同数据类型的兼容性和互操作性非常重要。 8. **块与作用域**：这部分阐述了代码块的作用，以及如何通过块来控制程序执行流程和变量的作用域。 9. **索引和示例程序**：教材还提供了多个实际的示例程序，让读者能够在实践中理解和应用所学的知识。这份教材是Delphi XE5和XE6开发者的宝贵参考资料，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中找到所需的信息来提升编程技能和效率。通过深入学习这些内容，开发者将能够更好地掌握Delphi语言，并将其应用于各种实际项目中。

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{$R *.res} { This directive links the project's resource

file. }

begin

{ Calls to global Application instance }

Application.Initialize;

Application.CreateForm(TForm1, Form1);

Application.CreateForm(TForm2, Form2);

Application.Run;

end

Once again, our program is called greeting. It uses three units: Forms, which is part of

VCL; Unit1, which is associated with the application's main form (Form1); and Unit2, which

is associated with another form (Form2).

The program makes a series of calls to an object named Application, which is an instance

of the Vcl.Forms.TApplication class defined in the Forms unit. (Every project has an

automatically generatedApplication object.) Two of these calls invoke

a Vcl.Forms.TApplication method named CreateForm. The first call

to CreateForm creates Form1, an instance of the TForm1 class defined in Unit1. The

second call to CreateForm creates Form2, an instance of the TForm2 class defined in Unit2.

Unit1 looks like this:

unit

Unit1;

interface

uses

SysUtils, Types, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,

Dialogs;

type

TForm1 =

class

(TForm)

Button1: TButton;

procedure

Button1Click(Sender:

TObject

);

end

;

var

Form1: TForm1;

implementation

uses

Unit2;

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The first line contains the program heading. The uses clause in this example specifies a

dependency on three additional units: Forms, REAbout, and REMain. The $R compiler

directive links the project's resource file into the program. Finally, the block of statements

between the begin and end keywords are executed when the program runs. The project file,

like all Delphi source files, ends with a period (not a semicolon).

Delphi project files are usually short, since most of a program's logic resides in its unit files. A

Delphi project file typically contains only enough code to launch the application's main window,

and start the event processing loop. Project files are generated and maintained automatically

by the IDE, and it is seldom necessary to edit them manually.

In standard Pascal, a program heading can include parameters after the program name:

program Calc(input, output);

Embarcadero's Delphi ignores these parameters.

In RAD Studio, the program heading introduces its own namespace, which is called the

project default namespace.

The Program Uses Clause

The uses clause lists those units that are incorporated into the program. These units may in

turn have uses clauses of their own. For more information on the uses clause within a unit

source file, see Unit References and the Uses Clause, below.

The uses clause consists of the keyword uses, followed by a comma delimited list of units the

project file directly depends on.

The Block

The block contains a simple or structured statement that is executed when the program runs.

In most program files, the block consists of a compound statement bracketed between the

reserved words begin and end, whose component statements are simply method calls to the

project's Application object. Most projects have a global Application variable that holds

an instance ofVcl.Forms.TApplication, Web.WebBroker.TWebApplication,

or Vcl.SvcMgr.TServiceApplication. The block can also contain declarations of constants,

types, variables, procedures, and functions; these declarations must precede the statement

part of the block. Note that the end that represents the end of the program source must be

followed by a period (.):

begin

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