AIX编译指南：IBM XLC/C++ Enterprise Edition V8.0

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"AIX编译方法" 在IBM AIX操作系统环境下进行编译工作是一项重要的技术任务，尤其对于系统开发者和管理员来说至关重要。本资源详细介绍了AIX平台下的编译工具，特别是IBM XLC/C++ Enterprise Edition V8.0 for AIX的使用。这本书籍作为第一版发布于2005年，适用于该版本的编译器以及其后续的所有更新和修改。 IBM XLC/C++ Enterprise Edition是一款强大的、专为AIX设计的编译器，它支持C和C++语言，能够帮助开发者充分利用AIX系统的功能并优化代码性能。该编译器参考文档（SC09-7995-00）包含了详细的技术信息，包括语法、选项、编译过程和错误处理等，是AIX开发人员不可或缺的参考资料。在使用这本书之前，请确保先阅读"注意"部分，其中可能包含使用信息和产品支持的重要细节。IBM鼓励用户提供反馈，你可以通过电子邮件（compinfo@ca.ibm.com）将你的评论、建议或问题发送给他们，并提供书名、订单号以及相关页面或主题，如果希望得到回复，别忘了附上你的电子邮件地址。当你向IBM提供信息时，你授予IBM非独家使用权，允许IBM自由使用或分发这些信息，而不对你承担任何义务。该书的版权由International Business Machines Corporation所有，美国政府用户使用时受GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp的限制。本书的内容可能涵盖以下方面： 1. 编译器介绍：解释XLC/C++ Enterprise Edition的功能、特性及其在AIX环境中的应用。 2. 编译和链接过程：详细说明如何使用编译器命令行选项来控制编译和链接过程，以满足特定的性能需求。 3. 优化技巧：介绍如何利用编译器的优化功能提高代码效率。 4. 错误和警告处理：列出可能遇到的错误代码和警告信息，以及如何解决这些问题。 5. 面向对象编程支持：讨论C++特性的支持，如模板、异常处理和多态性。 6. 并行编程：介绍如何利用AIX的并行计算能力进行多线程和并行编程。 7. 兼容性和移植性：提供有关与其他平台或编译器兼容性的信息，以及如何进行代码移植。 8. 示例和实践：提供实例代码和步骤，帮助读者更好地理解和应用编译器功能。通过深入学习和实践本书中的内容，AIX开发人员将能够更高效地进行编译工作，编写出性能优秀且适应AIX平台的软件。

xiv XL C/C++ Compiler Reference

Chapter 1. Configuring the compiler

This section discusses the following topics:

v “Setting up the compilation environment”

v “Customizing the configuration file” on page 9

Setting up the compilation environment

Before you can use XL C/C++ to compile C or C++ programs, you must set up the

environment variables the compiler requires, and the compiler configuration file

must exist on your system.

See the XL C/C++ Installation Guide for more information.

Related information

v “Setting environment variables”

v “Setting environment variables to select 32-bit or 64-bit modes” on page 2

v “Setting parallel processing environment variables” on page 2

v “Setting other environment variables” on page 7

v “Customizing the configuration file” on page 9

Setting environment variables

You use different commands to set the environment variables depending on

whether you are using the Bourne shell (bsh or sh), Korn shell (ksh), or C shell

(csh). To determine the current shell, use the echo command:

echo $SHELL

The Bourne-shell path is /bin/bsh or /bin/sh. The Korn shell path is /bin/ksh. The

C-shell path is /bin/csh.

For more information about the NLSPATH and LANG environment variables, see

AIX System Management Concepts: Operating System and Devices. The AIX

international language facilities are described in AIX General Programming Concepts.

Setting environment variables in bsh, ksh, or sh shells

The following statements, either typed at the command line or inserted into a

command file script, show how you can set environment variables in the Bourne

or Korn shells. Paths shown assume that you are installing the compiler in the

default installation location.

LANG=en_US

NLSPATH=/usr/lib/nls/msg/%L/%N:/usr/lib/nls/msg/L/%N

export LANG NLSPATH

To set the variables so that all users have access to them, add the commands to the

file /etc/profile. To set them for a specific user only, add the commands to the file

.profile in the user’s home directory. The environment variables are set each time

the user logs in.

Setting environment variables in csh shell

The following statements show how you can set environment variables in the csh

shell. Paths shown assume that you are installing the compiler in the default

installation location.

setenv LANG en_US

setenv NLSPATH /usr/lib/nls/msg/%L/%N:/usr/lib/nls/msg/L/%N

In the csh shell, you cannot set the environment variables so that all users have

access to them. To set them for a specific user only, add the commands to the file

.cshrc in the user’s home directory. The environment variables are set each time the

user logs in.

Related information

v “Setting environment variables to select 32-bit or 64-bit modes”

v “Setting parallel processing environment variables”

v “Setting other environment variables” on page 7

v AIX System User’s Guide: Operating System and Devices

v AIX General Programming Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs

Setting environment variables to select 32-bit or 64-bit modes

You can set the OBJECT_MODE environment variable to specify a default

compilation mode. Permissible values for the OBJECT_MODE environment

variable are:

(unset) Compiler programs generate and/or use 32-bit objects.

32 Compiler programs generate and/or use 32-bit objects.

64 Compiler programs generate and/or use 64-bit objects.

32_64 Set the compiler programs to accept both 32-bit and 64-bit objects. However,

you should not use this value. The compiler never functions in this mode, and

using this choice may generate an error message depending on other

compilation options set at compile-time.

Related information

v “Specifying compiler options for architecture-specific, 32-bit or 64-bit

compilation” on page 30

v “Setting environment variables” on page 1

Setting parallel processing environment variables

The XLSMPOPTS environment variable sets options for program run time using

loop parallelization. Suboptions for the XLSMPOPTS environment variables are

discussed in detail in “Suboptions of the XLSMPOPTS environment variable for

parallel processing” on page 3.

If you are using OpenMP constucts for parallelization, you can also specify

runtime options using OMP environment variables, as discussed in “OpenMP

environment variables for parallel processing” on page 6.

When runtime options specified by OMP- and XLSMPOPTS environment variables

conflict, OMP options will prevail.

Note: You must use thread-safe compiler mode invocations when compiling

parallelized program code.

2 XL C/C++ Compiler Reference

Parallel environment options:

XLSMPOPTS

environment variable

option

Description

parthds=num num represents the number of parallel threads requested, which is

usually equivalent to the number of processors available on the

system.

Some applications cannot use more threads than the maximum

number of processors available. Other applications can experience

significant performance improvements if they use more threads

than there are processors. This option gives you full control over

the number of user threads used to run your program.

The default value for num is the number of processors available

on the system.

usrthds=num num represents the number of user threads expected.

This option should be used if the program code explicitly creates

threads, in which case num should be set to the number of threads

created.

The default value for num is 0.

stack=num num specifies the largest amount of space required for a thread’s

stack.

The default value for num is 4194304.

Performance tuning options:

XLSMPOPTS

environment variable

option

Description

spins=num num represents the number of loop spins, or iterations, before a

yield occurs.

When a thread completes its work, the thread continues executing

in a tight loop looking for new work. One complete scan of the

work queue is done during each busy-wait state. An extended

busy-wait state can make a particular application highly

responsive, but can also harm the overall responsiveness of the

system unless the thread is given instructions to periodically scan

for and yield to requests from other applications.

A complete busy-wait state for benchmarking purposes can be

forced by setting both spins and yields to 0.

The default value for num is 100.

startproc=CPU ID Enables thread binding and specifies the CPU ID to which the first

thread binds. If the value provided is outside the range of

available processors, the SMP run time issues a warning message

and no threads are bound.

stride=Number Specifies the increment used to determine the CPU ID to which

subsequent threads bind. Number must be greater than or equal to

1. If the value provided would cause a thread to be bound to a

CPU outside the range of available processors, a warning message

is issued and no threads are bound.

4 XL C/C++ Compiler Reference

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