多核应用编程：Windows, Linux与Oracle Solaris

4星 · 超过85%的资源需积分: 9 103 浏览量更新于2024-07-31 收藏 3.39MB PDF 举报

"本书《Multicore Application Programming for Windows, Linux, and Oracle Solaris》由Darryl Gove撰写，涵盖了多核应用编程在Windows、Linux和Oracle Solaris操作系统中的实践知识。书中深入探讨了如何在这些不同的平台上优化多核处理器的应用程序性能，旨在帮助开发者充分利用现代计算硬件的优势。" 在多核应用编程领域，开发人员需要理解并掌握如何有效地分配任务到多个处理器核心上，以实现并行处理和提高系统效率。Windows、Linux和Oracle Solaris作为三种广泛使用的操作系统，各自提供了不同的工具和框架来支持多核编程。对于Windows平台，开发者可以利用Microsoft的Parallel Extensions for .NET，这是一个.NET Framework的扩展，提供了并行算法、任务调度和并发控制等功能。此外，Windows API也提供了线程和进程管理的接口，如CreateThread和CreateProcess，以及同步原语如Mutex、Semaphore和Event等，用于协调多线程或多进程间的操作。 Linux系统则依赖POSIX标准，提供线程库（pthread）和信号量等机制进行并发控制。Linux内核的调度器优化了对多核处理器的支持，允许开发者通过线程池、并行计算库（如OpenMP）或低级系统调用来实现多核应用。此外，Linux还支持Gnu Compiler Collection (GCC) 的并行编译选项，以自动并行化代码。 Oracle Solaris作为企业级操作系统，以其Solaris Studio开发工具集为开发者提供了高级并行编程工具，如Workload Partitions（WLP）和Thread Profiler，以及Solaris Zones虚拟化技术，允许在单个系统上高效地运行多个独立的应用程序实例。书中可能还会涵盖性能分析、内存管理和缓存优化等关键主题，这些是多核编程中提高效率的关键。性能分析工具，如gprof和Valgrind，可以帮助开发者识别瓶颈并调整代码。内存管理则涉及到数据结构的设计、内存分配策略以及避免数据竞争。缓存优化涉及理解处理器的缓存层次结构，以减少数据访问延迟。此外，作者可能会讨论线程安全和并发编程的最佳实践，包括锁和同步机制的使用，以及如何避免死锁和竞态条件。还有可能涉及软件事务内存（Software Transactional Memory, STM）等新兴技术，它们简化了并发编程的复杂性。《Multicore Application Programming for Windows, Linux, and Oracle Solaris》将为读者提供一个全面的多核编程指南，覆盖了从基本概念到高级优化技巧，帮助读者在不同操作系统环境下构建高效、可扩展的多核应用程序。

ptg

This book is about using and developing for multicore systems. This is a topic that is

often described as complex or hard to understand. In some way, this reputation is justi-

fied. Like any programming technique, multicore programming can be hard to do both

correctly and with high performance. On the other hand, there are many ways that multi -

core systems can be used to significantly improve the performance of an application or

the amount of work performed per unit time; some of these approaches will be more

difficult than others.

Perhaps saying “multicore programming is easy” is too optimistic, but a realistic way

of thinking about it is that multicore programming is perhaps no more complex or no

more difficult than the step from procedural to object-oriented programming. This book

will help you understand the challenges involved in writing applications that fully utilize

multicore systems, and it will enable you to produce applications that are functionally

correct, that are high performance, and that scale well to many cores.

Who Is This Book For?

If you have read this far, then this book is likely to be for you. The book is a practical

guide to writing applications that are able to exploit multicore systems to their full

advantage. It is not a book about a particular approach to parallelization. Instead, it covers

various approaches. It is also not a book wedded to a particular platform. Instead, it pulls

examples from various operating systems and various processor types. Although the book

does cover advanced topics, these are covered in a context that will enable all readers to

become familiar with them.

The book has been written for a reader who is familiar with the C programming lan-

guage and has a fair ability at programming. The objective of the book is not to teach

programming languages, but it deals with the higher-level considerations of writing code

that is correct, has good performance, and scales to many cores.

The book includes a few examples that use SPARC or x86 assembly language.

Readers are not expected to be familiar with assembly language, and the examples are

straightforward, are clearly commented, and illustrate particular points.

Objectives of the Book

By the end of the book, the reader will understand the options available for writing pro-

grams that use multiple cores on UNIX-like operating systems (Linux, Oracle Solaris,

OS X) and Windows. They will have an understanding of how the hardware implemen-

tation of multiple cores will affect the performance of the application running on the

system (both in good and bad ways). The reader will also know the potential problems to

avoid when writing parallel applications. Finally, they will understand how to write

applications that scale up to large numbers of parallel threads.

xvi

Preface

ptg

Structure of This Book

This book is divided into the following chapters.

Chapter 1 introduces the hardware and software concepts that will be encountered

in the rest of the book. The chapter gives an overview of the internals of processors. It is

not necessarily critical for the reader to understand how hardware works before they can

write programs that utilize multicore systems. However, an understanding of the basics of

processor architecture will enable the reader to better understand some of the concepts

relating to application correctness, performance, and scaling that are presented later in

the book. The chapter also discusses the concepts of threads and processes.

Chapter 2 discusses profiling and optimizing applications. One of the book’s prem-

ises is that it is vital to understand where the application currently spends its time before

work is spent on modifying the application to use multiple cores. The chapter covers all

the leading contributors to performance over the application development cycle and dis-

cusses how performance can be improved.

Chapter 3 describes ways that multicore systems can be used to perform more work

per unit time or reduce the amount of time it takes to complete a single unit of work. It

starts with a discussion of virtualization where one new system can be used to replace

multiple older systems. This consolidation can be achieved with no change in the soft-

ware. It is important to realize that multicore systems represent an opportunity to change

the way an application works; they do not require that the application be changed. The

chapter continues with describing various patterns that can be used to write parallel

applications and discusses the situations when these patterns might be useful.

Chapter 4 describes sharing data safely between multiple threads. The chapter leads

with a discussion of data races, the most common type of correctness problem encoun-

tered in multithreaded codes. This chapter covers how to safely share data and synchro-

nize threads at an abstract level of detail. The subsequent chapters describe the operating

system–specific details.

Chapter 5 describes writing parallel applications using POSIX threads. This is the

standard implemented by UNIX-like operating systems, such as Linux, Apple’s OS X,

and Oracle’s Solaris. The POSIX threading library provides a number of useful building

blocks for writing parallel applications. It offers great flexibility and ease of development.

Chapter 6 describes writing parallel applications for Microsoft Windows using

Windows native threading. Windows provides similar synchronization and data sharing

primitives to those provided by POSIX. The differences are in the interfaces and require-

ments of these functions.

Chapter 7 describes opportunities and limitations of automatic parallelization pro-

vided by compilers. The chapter also covers the OpenMP specification, which makes it

relatively straightforward to write applications that take advantage of multicore processors.

Chapter 8 discusses how to write parallel applications without using the functional-

ity in libraries provided by the operating system or compiler. There are some good rea-

sons for writing custom code for synchronization or sharing of data. These might be for

xvii

Preface

剩余462页未读，继续阅读

DoomLord

粉丝: 114
资源: 1318

多核应用编程：Windows, Linux与Oracle Solaris

Addison.Wesley.Multicore.Application.Programming.Oct.2010.rar

Multicore.Application.Programminge

Wrox.Professional.Multicore.Programming.Design.and.Implementation.for.C.Plus.Plus.Developers.Sep.2008.eBook-DDU

Programming.multicore.and.many-core.computing.systems.epub

Rules for Parallel Programming for Multicore.txt

MIT机电工程与计算机科学系【本科生课程】6.189.多核编程入门.Multicore.Programming.Primer.pdf

NAMD_2.9_Win32-multicore.zip

PureMVC_JS_Native_MultiCore.zip

NAMD-2.12-Win64-multicore.zip

multicore.cr：适用于Crystal应用程序的便捷多进程启动器

最新资源