HTML5 缺失手册：全面详解与实践指南

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"《HTML5 缺失手册》第二版由 Matthew MacDonald 编写，是一本权威的指南，旨在填补HTML5作为新一代网页标准的详细介绍空白。这本英文原著不仅涵盖HTML5的基本标记语言，还深入解析了与之相关的多项独立的Web标准，如多媒体、离线存储、Web Workers等，将这些复杂的技术整合成一本易懂的手册。该书于2014年出版，特别适合那些希望理解和掌握HTML5最新特性的开发者和设计师。它在2011年首次发行第一版，之后在2013年进行了更新，以适应HTML5技术的快速发展。作者Matthew MacDonald以其清晰的讲解和实用的实例，帮助读者理解如何有效地利用HTML5的新功能，如离线存储技术如何提升网站的可用性，以及如何使用新的音频和视频标签创建响应式多媒体内容。《HTML5：缺失的手册》不仅仅是一本编程教程，也包含了关于HTML5兼容性和浏览器支持的详细信息，这对于开发跨平台的现代Web应用至关重要。此外，它还提到了在线资源，如 Safari Online Library，以便读者可以随时查阅最新的更新和参考资料。版权信息表明，这本书的使用权受到O'Reilly Media的保护，并且鼓励教育、商业或销售推广用途。如果你想获取更多关于版权、购买电子版或联系企业销售部门的信息，可以通过指定的电话号码或电子邮件地址获取。《HTML5 缺失手册》第二版是任何希望在HTML5领域深化理解的专业人士不可或缺的参考书籍，它提供了一个全面而实用的框架，帮助读者把握HTML5时代的Web开发趋势和技术革新。"

HTML5: THE MISSING MANUAL, SECOND EDITION

XIV

WHEN WILL

HTML5 BE

READY?

Currently, no browser supports

every

last detail of HTML5, in part because HTML5

is really a collection of interrelated standards. Google Chrome generally leads the

browser race in HTML5 support, with Firefox and Opera in close pursuit. Safari lags

the pack a bit, and Internet Explorer trails still further behind. The real problem lies

in the old copies of Internet Explorer that can’t be updated because they’re run-

ning on creaky operating systems like Windows Vista or Windows XP (which is still

chugging away on a ﬁfth of the world’s desktop computers). Page 26 has a closer

look at this problem and some advice on how to deal with it.

When Will HTML5 Be Ready?

The short answer is “now.” Even the despised Internet Explorer 6, which is 10 years

old and chock-full of website-breaking quirks, can display basic HTML5 documents.

That’s because the HTML5 standard was intentionally created in a way that embraces

and extends traditional HTML.

The more detailed answer is “it depends.” As you’ve already learned, HTML5 is a

collection of dierent standards with dierent degrees of browser support. So al-

though every web developer can switch over to HTML5 documents today (and many

big sites, like Google, YouTube, and Wikipedia, already have), it may be some time

before it’s safe to use all of HTML5’s fancy new features—at least without adding

some sort of fallback mechanism for less-enlightened browsers.

NOTE

Before encouraging you to use a new HTML5 feature, this book clearly indicates that feature’s current

level of browser support. Of course, browser versions change relatively quickly, so you’ll want to perform your

own up-to-date research before you embrace any feature that might cause problems. The website

http://caniuse.com

lets you look up specific features and tells you exactly which browser versions support them. (You’ll learn more

about this useful tool on page 27.)

As a standards-minded developer, you also might be interested in knowing how far

the various standards are in their journey toward ocial status. This is complicated

by the fact that the people who dreamt up HTML5 have a slightly subversive phi-

losophy, and they often point out that what browsers support is more important

than what the ocial standard says. In other words, you can go ahead and use

everything that you want right now, if you can get it to work. But web developers,

big companies, governments, and other organizations often take their cues about

whether a language is ready to use by looking at the status of its standard.

At this writing, the HTML5 language is in the

candidate recommendation

stage,

which means the standard is largely settled but browser makers are still polishing

up their HTML5 implementations. The next and ﬁnal stage is for the standard to

become a full

recommendation

, and HTML5 is expected to hit that landmark in late

2014. In the meantime, the W3C has already published a

working draft

of the next

version of the standard, which it calls HTML 5.1. (For more help making sense of all

the dierent versions, see the box on the next page.)

www.it-ebooks.info

INTRODUCTION

ABOUT THE

OUTLINE

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION

The Dierence Between HTML5 and HTML 5.1

Is there another new version of HTML? And what’s with the

inconsistent spacing?

As you’ll learn in Chapter 1, HTML5 has gone through two sets

of hands. This process has left a few quirks behind, including

a slightly schizophrenic versioning system.

The people who originally created HTML5—the members of

WHATWG, which you’ll meet on page 5—aren’t much inter

ested in version numbers. They consider HTML5 to be a living

language. They encourage web developers to pay attention

to browser support, rather than worry about exact version

numbers.

However, the WHATWG passed HTML5 to the official web

standard-keepers—the W3C—so they could finalize it. The W3C

is a more careful, methodical organization. The folks there

wanted a way to separate their initial publication of the HTML5

standard from the slightly tweaked and cleaned up successors

that were sure to follow. Thus, the W3C decided to name the

first release of the HTML5 standard HTML 5.0 (note the space).

The second release will be HTML 5.1, followed by a third release

called HTML 5.2. Confusingly enough, all these versions are still

considered to be HTML5.

Incidentally, the later iterations of the HTML5 standard aren’t

likely to add major changes. Instead, new features will turn

up in separate, complementary specifications. This way, small

groups of people can quickly develop new, useful HTML5

features without needing to wait for an entirely new revision

of the language.

About the Outline

This book crams a comprehensive HTML5 tutorial into 13 chapters. Here’s what

you’ll ﬁnd:

Part One: Meet the New Language

• Chapter 1 explains how HTML turned into HTML5. You’ll meet your ﬁrst HTML5

document, see how the language has changed, and take a look at browser

support.

• Chapter 2 tackles HTML5’s

semantic elements

—a group of elements that can

inject meaning into your markup. Used properly, this extra information can help

browsers, screen readers, web design tools, and search engines work smarter.

• Chapter 3 goes deeper into the world of semantics with add-on standards like

microdata

. And while it may seem a bit theoretical, there’s a fat prize for the

web developers who understand it best: better, more detailed listings in search

engines like Google.

• Chapter 4 explores HTML5’s changes to the web form elements—the text

boxes, lists, checkboxes, and other widgets that you use to collect information

from your visitors. HTML5 adds a few frills and some basic tools for catching

data-entry errors.

www.it-ebooks.info

HTML5: THE MISSING MANUAL, SECOND EDITION

XVI

ABOUT THE

OUTLINE

Part Two: Video, Graphics, and Glitz

• Chapter 5 hits one of HTML5’s most exciting features: its support for audio and

video playback. You’ll learn how to survive Web Video Codec Wars to create

playback pages that work in every browser, and you’ll even see how to create

your own customized player.

• Chapter 6 introduces the latest version of the CSS3 standard, which comple-

ments HTML5 nicely. You’ll learn how to jazz up your text with fancy fonts and

add eye-catching eects with transitions and animation.

• Chapter 7 explores CSS3 media queries. You’ll learn how to use them to create

responsive designs—website layouts that seamlessly adapt themselves to dif-

ferent mobile devices.

• Chapter 8 introduces the two-dimensional drawing surface called the

canvas

You’ll learn how to paint it with shapes, pictures, and text, and even build a basic

drawing program (with a healthy dose of JavaScript code).

• Chapter 9 pumps up your canvas skills. You’ll learn about shadows and fancy

patterns, along with more ambitious canvas techniques like clickable, interac-

tive shapes and animation.

Part Three: Building Web Apps

• Chapter 10 covers the web storage feature that lets you store small bits of infor-

mation on the visitor’s computer. You’ll also learn about ways to process a user-

selected ﬁle in your web page JavaScript code, rather than on the web server.

• Chapter 11 explores the HTML5 caching feature that can let a browser keep

running a web page, even if it loses the web connection.

• Chapter 12 dips into the challenging world of web server communication. You’ll

start with the time-honored XMLHttpRequest object, which lets your JavaScript

code contact the web server and ask for information. Then you’ll move on to

two newer features: server-side events and the more ambitious web sockets.

• Chapter 13 covers three miscellaneous features that address challenges in

modern web applications. First, you’ll see how geolocation can pin down a

visitor’s position. Next, you’ll use web workers to run time-consuming tasks in

the background. Finally, you’ll learn about the browser history feature, which

lets you sync up the web page URL to the current state of the page.

There are also two appendixes that can help you catch up with the fundamentals

you need to master HTML5. Appendix A, “Essential CSS,” gives a stripped-down

summary of CSS; Appendix B, “JavaScript: The Brains of Your Page” gives a concise

overview of JavaScript.

www.it-ebooks.info

INTRODUCTION

XVII

ABOUT THE

ONLINE

RESOURCES

About the Online Resources

As the owner of a Missing Manual, you’ve got more than just a book to read. Online,

you’ll ﬁnd example ﬁles as well as tips, articles, and maybe even a video or two.

You can also communicate with the Missing Manual team and tell us what you love

(or hate) about the book. Head over to

www.missingmanuals.com

, or go directly to

one of the following sections.

The Missing CD

This book doesn’t have a CD pasted inside the back cover, but you’re not missing

out on anything. Go to

http://missingmanuals.com/cds/html5tmm2e

to download

the web page examples discussed and demonstrated in this book. And so you don’t

wear down your ﬁngers typing long web addresses, the Missing CD page oers a

list of clickable links to the websites mentioned in each chapter.

TIP

If you’re looking for a specific example, here’s a quick way to find it: Look at the corresponding figure in

this book. The file name is usually visible at the end of the text in the web browser’s address box. For example, if

you see the file path

c:\HTML5\Chapter01\SuperSimpleHTML5.html

(Figure 1-1), you’ll know that the corresponding

example file is

SuperSimpleHTML5.html

The Try-Out Site

There’s another way to use the examples: on the example site at

www.prosetech.com/

html5

. There you’ll ﬁnd live versions of every example from this book, which you can

run in your browser. This convenience just might save you a few headaches, because

HTML5 includes several features that require the involvement of a real web server.

(If you’re running web pages from the hard drive on your personal computer, these

features may develop mysterious quirks or stop working altogether.) By using the

live site, you can see how an example is supposed to work before you download the

page and start experimenting on your own.

NOTE

Don’t worry—when you come across an HTML5 feature that needs web server hosting, this book will

warn you.

Registration

If you register this book at oreilly.com (

www.oreilly.com

), you’ll be eligible for special

oers—like discounts on future editions of

HTML5: The Missing Manual

. Registering

takes only a few clicks. Type

http://tinyurl.com/registerbook

into your browser to

hop directly to the Registration page.

www.it-ebooks.info

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