1550nm激光二极管泵浦的Tm3+敏化Ho3+/Er3+共掺氟化物玻璃用于2.0μm高效激光应用

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"这篇研究论文探讨了Ho3+/Er3+共掺杂氟化物玻璃在Tm3+离子的1550nm激光二极管激发下的高效2.0μm激光应用。通过Tm3+离子的能量传递，实现了Ho3+和Er3+离子的有效激发，从而增强了2.0μm的发射强度。" 在这项研究中，研究人员报告了一种Ho3+/Er3+共掺杂氟化物玻璃在Tm3+离子的1550纳米激光激发下，实现了2.0微米波段高发射强度的激光应用。实验表明，这种材料的吸收光谱没有显示出局部配体场的聚集现象，这意味着Er3+离子能够有效地通过泵浦和能量转移（ET）机制被激发，并将能量传递给Ho3+和Tm3+离子。关键在于，Ho3+离子的2.0微米发射具有最大发射截面（4.8×10^-21 cm^2），这显著提升了该波段的激光性能。论文中提出了一种基于增强的2.0微米发射和其他减小的近红外发射的ET机制。研究结果显示，Tm3+离子的存在使得Ho3+离子的5I7能级通过Tm3+离子的3F4能级通道得到填充，从而促进了能量的有效转移和利用。这种材料的设计和优化对于2.0微米激光器的发展具有重要意义，因为2.0微米波段的激光在医学、遥感、通信和光学雷达等领域有着广泛的应用需求。通过Tm3+离子作为敏化剂，可以更有效地利用1550纳米激光二极管的泵浦源，这对于实现高效、紧凑的固体激光器具有潜在的优势。论文的作者包括Feifei Huang, Ying Tian, Huanhuan Li, Shiqing Xu（通讯作者）以及Junjie Zhang，他们来自中国计量大学材料科学与工程学院。文章于2015年7月15日提交，8月20日修订并接受，8月24日发布，并于9月11日正式发表。这项工作揭示了Ho3+/Er3+共掺杂氟化物玻璃通过Tm3+离子的敏化在2.0微米激光应用中的潜力，为未来设计高性能激光材料提供了新的思路。这种材料的发现和理解有助于推动固态激光技术的进步，特别是在那些需要2.0微米激光特性的应用中。

/Er

co-doped fluoride glass sensitized

by Tm

pumped by a 1550 nm laser diode

for efficient 2.0 μm laser applications

FEIFEI HUANG,

YING TIAN,

HUANHUAN LI,

SHIQING XU,

* AND JUNJIE ZHANG

College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China

*Corresponding author: shiqingxu@cjlu.edu.cn

Received 15 July 2015; revised 2 0 August 2015; accepted 20 August 2015; posted 24 August 2015 (Doc. ID 246010); published 11 September 2015

In the present Letter, a high-emission intensity of 2.0 μmis

reported for Ho

3

∕Er

3

co-doped fluoride glass sensitized

by Tm

3

ions under 1550 nm excitation. The measured ab-

sorption spectra do not show clustering in the local ligand

field, which also demonstrates that Er

3

ions are efficiently

excited by pumping and energy transfer (ET) to Ho

3

and

3

ions. The enhanced Ho

3

:2.0 μm emission has a

maximum emission cross section (4 .8×10

−21

). An ET

mechanism based on the enhanced 2.0 μm emission and

other reduced near-infrared emissions is discussed. Results

show that the addition of Tm

3

ions populates the

3

level through the channel at the Tm

3

level

between Er

3

and Ho

3

ions. The spectroscopic character-

istics and thermal property of Er

3

∕Ho

3

∕Tm

3

tri-doped

ZBYA glass reveal that the material is an attractive host

for 2.0 μm lasers.

OCIS codes: (300.6250) Spectroscopy, condensed matter;

(300.6340) Spectroscopy, infrared; (160.3380) Laser materials;

(160.5690) Rare-earth-doped materials.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.40.004297

Light sources in the wavelength region ∼2.0 μm present several

desirable properties, such as low atmospheric absorption and

strong human-tissue absorption. Several atmospheric compo-

nents, such as H

O, CO

, and NO

, show strong absorption

at around 2.0 μm. Thus, 2.0 μm emissions feature potential

applications in medical surgery, remote sensing, and eye-safe

radar [1–5]. Among the laser sources currently available, solid-

state materials doped with trivalent rare-earth (RE) ions, such

as Tm

3

and Ho

3

, represent a main area of development

because of their reliability and compactness [6–8]. Ho

3

is an

active ion with emission at 2.0 μm obtained through

→

transition; the ions present a higher-gain cross section, longer

radiative lifetime, and longer-operating laser wavelength than

3

ions [9]. However, the lack of effective pump sources

for Ho

3

doped materials limits their development [10]. To

enhance pump absorption, Ho

3

doped glasses may be sensi-

tized by Er

3

, Tm

3

,orYb

3

ions. Glasses co- or tri-doped

with certain RE ions have been demonstrated to achieve in-

creased intensity of the desired emission, and the energy trans-

fer (ET) mechanisms between the sensitizer and Ho

3

ions

in Tm

3

∕Ho

3

, Yb

3

∕Ho

3

, and Yb

3

∕Tm

3

∕Ho

3

doped

glasses have been investigated [11–13]. Few reports are avail-

able on 2.0 μm emissions in the Er

3

∕Tm

3

∕Ho

3

tri-doped

glass system pumped by an 808 nm laser diode (LD) [14,15].

In our previous experiments, intense Ho

3

:2.0 μm emission is

also observed in Ho

3

∕Er

3

doped material under 1550 nm

excitation [16]. Ho

3

may theoretically be sensitized by Er

3

ions more effectively under excitation of a 1550 nm LD than

800 or 980 nm LDs. However, no investigation has yet been

performed on 2.0 μm emissions from a Er

3

∕Tm

3

∕Ho

3

tri-doped glass system pumped by a 1550 nm LD.

To obtain powerful infrared emissions of Ho

3

, the host

glass must be considered a component as important as the

sensitizer. Fluoride glasses present advantages of low phonon

energy, high doping level, low viscosity, and wide transparency

from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR). We previously

reported that the ZrF

-BaF

-YF

-AlF

(ZBYA) system exhibits

low phonon energy, fine chemical ability, and good optical

properties. In this Letter, we report the sensitization effect of

3

ions in Ho

3

∕Er

3

doped ZBYA glass. The lumines-

cence characteristics and ET processes in this system are also

discussed.

The glasses were composed of 98 − XZBYA-1ErF

1HoF

-XTmF

(X  0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1; glasses with these

doping amounts were designated as EH, EHT0.1, EHT0.25,

EHT0.5, and EHT, respectively). 1 mol. % Ho

3

, Er

3

,or

3

singly doped ZBYA glass composed of 99 ZBYA − 1XF

(X  Ho

3

, Er

3

, Tm

3

; glasses with these doping ions were

designated as H, E, and T, respectively) were also prepared for

comparison. All of the samples were prepared using high-purity

(99% to 99.99%) ZrF

, AlF

, YF

, BaF

, ErF

, HoF

, and

TmF

powders. Well-mixed 25 g batches of the samples were

placed in platinum crucibles and melted at approximately

1000°C for 30 min. The melts were then poured into a pre-

heated copper mold and annealed in a furnace at approximately

the glass-transition temperature. The annealed samples were

fabricated and polished to dimensions of 20 mm × 15 mm ×

1mmfor optical property measurements.

Letter

Vol. 40, No. 18 / September 15 2015 / Optics Letters 4297

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