iPad交互设计规范与用户体验指南

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"iPad 交互视觉设计规范" iPad交互视觉设计规范是针对iPad应用开发的重要指导，旨在确保用户体验（User Experience, UX）的一致性和优质性。这份文档由Apple Inc.于2010年5月7日发布，详细阐述了在iPad平台上进行界面设计和交互设计时应遵循的原则和最佳实践。一、用户界面设计基础 1. 对齐与间距：设计元素应该有明确的对齐方式，保持一致的间距，这有助于增强视觉秩序和可读性。 2. 层次结构：通过大小、颜色和位置来区分界面元素，创建清晰的信息层次，帮助用户理解界面内容的优先级。 3. 反馈与指示：及时的视觉反馈，如按钮按下状态的改变，可以增强用户的操作感知。二、手势与交互 1. 常见手势：滑动、捏合缩放、双击等是iPad上常见的交互手势，设计时要考虑这些手势的自然应用。 2. 触控目标大小：确保触控元素足够大，以便用户轻松点击或触摸，避免误操作。 3. 状态栏：尊重系统状态栏，不要遮挡它，因为它提供了时间和电池状态等关键信息。三、导航与布局 1. 导航模式：使用清晰的导航结构，如底部标签栏、侧滑抽屉菜单，帮助用户在应用中快速定位。 2. 屏幕尺寸适配：iPad有多种屏幕尺寸，设计时要考虑不同设备的适配，确保在所有尺寸下都能良好显示。 3. 内容滚动：设计内容滚动时，要确保流畅且符合用户预期，如内容区域内的滚动应独立于屏幕整体滚动。四、文字与图标 1. 字体选择：使用易读的字体，考虑不同字号下的清晰度，苹果推荐使用系统字体，如San Francisco。 2. 图标设计：简洁、直观的图标能提高识别度，遵循Apple的Human Interface Guidelines，保持一致的风格。 3. 色彩使用：色彩应传达清晰的信息，保持品牌一致性，同时避免使用可能导致阅读困难的对比色。五、动画与过渡 1. 动画目的：动画应有意义，有助于解释状态变化或引导用户操作，避免过度动画化。 2. 过渡效果：平滑的界面过渡可以增强用户在应用中的导航体验，保持一致性。 3. 错误处理：通过友好而明确的错误提示，帮助用户理解和解决问题。六、辅助功能 1. 兼容性：设计时要考虑辅助功能，如VoiceOver屏幕阅读器，确保视觉障碍用户也能顺利使用。 2. 大文本支持：提供大文本选项，让用户根据个人需求调整字体大小。七、测试与迭代 1. 用户测试：定期进行用户测试，收集反馈，以改进设计并解决潜在问题。 2. 持续优化：设计是一个迭代过程，不断更新和优化以适应用户需求和平台的发展。总结，iPad交互视觉设计规范是开发者和设计师必须遵循的指南，它强调了以用户为中心的设计理念，以及在iPad平台上创造出色用户体验的重要性。遵循这些规范，可以确保应用程序在美观、易用和功能性方面达到苹果的标准。

New UI Elements and Behaviors

In iPhone OS 3.2, UIKit includes some new UI elements and defines new behaviors for a few elements that

are available in earlier versions:

■ Split view. You can use this iPad-only element to display more than one view onscreen at a time, such

as to present data in a master-detail or source list–style arrangement. The split view is a common

organizational element in iPad applications because it helps flatten the information hierarchy. Find out

more about the ways you can use a split view in your application by reading “iPad User Experience

Guidelines” (page 17). For usage guidelines, see “Split View” (page 44).

■ Popover. You can use this iPad-only view to temporarily display additional information, controls, or

choices related to content in the main view. The main benefit of the popover is that it can contain

information or choices that don’t need to be in the main interface all the time. To find out more about

some of the ways you can use a popover, see “Use Popovers to Perform Some Modal Tasks” (page 26).

For usage guidelines, see “Popover” (page 42).

■ Results list button. You can use this system-provided button to reveal search results from a search bar.

(For usage guidelines, see “Search Bar” (page 48).)

■ Modal views have new presentation styles. You can use styles such as full screen, partial screen, and

form to present a modal interface that’s more closely tailored to your application’s user experience and

visual design. (For usage guidelines, see “Modal View” (page 52).)

■ Toolbars can be in additional locations. You can place a toolbar at the top or the bottom of a screen.

You can also use a toolbar inside a split view or a popover. (For usage guidelines, see “Toolbar” (page

41).)

■ The edit menu can display custom items. You can supply menu items to augment or replace the

standard Cut, Copy, Paste, Select, and Select All commands. (For usage guidelines, see “Edit Menu

Additions” (page 53).)

■ The keyboard view can be customized. You can replace the system-provided keyboard view with a

custom view that contains custom buttons. (For usage guidelines, see “Keyboard Customization” (page

53).)

■ The keyboard view can include custom input accessories. You can supply a separate view of auxiliary

keyboard controls that users can tap to input application-defined content.

■ Custom text views can support text in multiple styles and offer advanced editing features. You can

offer word-processing capabilities and support spell checking and autocompletion for text entry.

New UI Elements and Behaviors

CHAPTER 1

Key iPad Features and Characteristics

If you already have an iPhone application, you need to know how to revise your application so that it can

take full advantage of iPad. Your familiarity with iPhone OS helps you change your code with relative ease,

but evolving the user interface and user experience can be more challenging.

Important: Unmodified, your iPhone application runs in a compatibility mode on iPad. This allows your

users to access your application on iPad, but it does not give them the device-specific experience they want.

This chapter describes some general strategies for revising the user interface of your iPhone application. For

specific guidelines you should follow, see “iPad User Experience Guidelines” (page 17). For help with

transitioning your iPhone application code to iPad, see iPad Programming Guide.

Design Strategies for Translating Your iPhone Application

It’s vital that you revise the user interface and user experience of your iPhone application to take advantage

of the large iPad screen and to give people the enhanced interactivity they expect. Precisely how you do this

depends on the specifics of your iPhone application.

Games and other immersive iPhone applications may not need much change in information architecture,

because they’re experience-driven, rather than data-driven. But games generally require significant revision

of artwork and interaction to deliver a compelling experience on iPad. As you plan the revision of your game,

think about the following things:

■ It’s essential that you make your artwork as high-fidelity as possible. On iPad, people expect games to

furnish a lavish visual environment they can explore in depth. Don’t just scale up your artwork. Instead,

increase the resolution and take every opportunity to add details that encourage people to immerse

themselves in your application.

■ You should make sure that your visual effects are also high-fidelity. Clear, finely detailed, lifelike portrayals

of events and actions enhance people’s emotional response and strengthen their sense of entering a

game’s unique environment.

■ You should investigate ways to let users interact more with your application, without changing the

fundamental experience. For example:

❏

Consider adding multiplayer capabilities.

❏

Give people more things to see and control, by adding more camera angles; more knobs, switches,

and dials; or more ways to customize game pieces and gameplay.

❏

When it makes sense, support multifinger gestures, especially when you can integrate them with

custom controls.

Design Strategies for Translating Your iPhone Application 11

CHAPTER 2

From iPhone Application to iPad Application

iPhone productivity applications tend to require some rearchitecting of the information hierarchy, in addition

to an enriched UI and an enhanced user experience. As you plan the revision of your productivity application,

keep the following things in mind:

■ You want to let users see more content and do more work in one screen. Try to avoid making them drill

down through many screens to accomplish their goal. (See “Flatten Your Information Hierarchy” (page

19) for some ways to do this.)

■ Your user interface should still be understated enough to avoid distracting users from the task, but don’t

let that prevent you from making it beautiful. Even though people use productivity applications to

accomplish an important task, they expect to enjoy the experience on iPad. Consider using subtly custom

elements that harmonize with the task, or making the objects that users interact with look more realistic.

Also consider displaying data in more appealing ways, such as graphically instead of textually.

■ Look into ways to provide more interactivity in your iPad application. You always want to maintain a

clear focus on the main task, but it’s often a good idea to expose more of the data for people to see and

control.

Utility applications need to be reenvisioned for iPad so that they take advantage of the larger screen. Because

flipping the entire screen is not generally recommended, many utility applications need to change their

interaction model. If you have a utility-style iPhone application:

■ Consider ways to combine the content from separate iPhone screens into one screen on iPad.

■ Think about giving users more in-depth information about the task. If your iPhone utility application

provides a summary view of the content, you might allow people to get an expanded view on the same

screen.

■ Give people more ways to interact with the content. For example, it might make sense to allow people

to manipulate a graph in real time, see a simulation of data, or customize details of the content they see.

Regardless of the style of your iPhone application, be sure to follow the iPad-specific guidelines described

in “iPad User Experience Guidelines” (page 17).

Case Study: From Mail on iPhone to Mail on iPad

Mail is one of the premier built-in applications on iPhone. People appreciate the clear, streamlined way it

organizes large amounts of information, its ease of use, and its scalability.

Case Study: From Mail on iPhone to Mail on iPad

CHAPTER 2

From iPhone Application to iPad Application

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刘晴

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