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首页软件工程课后习题答案解析:网站与传统软件的区别与影响
软件工程课后习题答案解析:网站与传统软件的区别与影响
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在《软件工程课后复习题答案》中,章节一涵盖了软件工程的基本概念及其在实际应用中的区别。首先,第1.1节强调了软件定义在Web应用程序中的扩展含义,与传统软件相比,网站的内容(如网页内容)被视为应用程序的一部分,而传统软件的数据处理则通常被看作是独立于其功能的。这反映了现代软件开发中的集成化趋势,其中用户体验和内容的交互性变得越来越关键。 第1.4节探讨了软件对社会生活的深远影响,包括互联网改变了年轻人的约会方式(互联网 dating)、移动通信技术的发展(手机)以及战争形态的演变(通过网络武器如cyber weapons)。此外,软件还在医学领域发挥了重要作用,如MRI和基于计算机的诊断设备用于疾病的诊断。最后,软件还极大地改变了人们获取和享受娱乐的方式,如音乐下载和DVD播放等。 第1.6节阐述了"熟悉性定律",即随着系统的演化,用户、工程师和开发者需要对系统的内容和行为有全面的理解才能确保满意的结果。然而,随着系统规模的增长,相关专业知识可能会逐渐减少(即掌握度下降),这导致平均增长保持稳定,因为系统更新和适应必须保持一定的连贯性和用户习惯的延续性。 这些知识点强调了软件工程的核心要素——不仅关注技术实现,还要考虑到用户体验和社会影响,并且在不断变化的技术环境中保持系统的可持续性和用户满意度。理解这些概念对于深入学习软件工程课程至关重要,尤其是在解答相关习题和进行项目开发时。
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is realistic; (3) it’s unlikely that major changes in requirements will be requested
as the project proceeds. Specific examples might be: (1) a well understood modification
to an existing program; (2) a straightforward implementation of a numerical calculation
or business rule, even if it’s complex; (3) a constrained enhancement to an existing
program.
3.3) If the plan is to have a prototype evolve into a delivered application, more rigorous
design rules and SQA procedures must be applied from the beginning. In addition, the
prototype must be designed with extensibility in mind and must be implemented using a
programming environment that is amenable to production system development. Initially,
the prototype serves as a mechanism for identifying software requirements. Once a working
prototype is built, it becomes the skeleton (framework) for extensions that will cause
it to evolve into a production system.
3.4) RAD assumes that a project can be modularized in a manner that allows major functionality
to be delivered within a 60– 90 day time frame. Although this is often the case, there
are situations in which timelines are longer. In addition, RAD assumes that sufficient
human resources will be available to develop the increments in parallel. This may not
be the case.
3.5) Software applications that are relatively easy to prototype almost always involve
human-machine interaction and/or heavy computer graphics. Other applications that are
sometimes amenable to prototyping are certain classes of mathematical algorithms, subset
of command driven systems and other applications where results can be easily examined
without real-time interaction. Applications that are more difficult to prototype include
control and process control functions, many classes of real-time applications and
embedded software.
3.6) The real question that a paper should address is: How do we develop a process that can
accommodate many of the chaotic attributes of modern software development? The authors
suggest processes that are “focused on flexibility and extensibility rather than on high
quality” and admit that this approach is “scary.” No doubt!In fact, I believe it is
a recipe for disaster. With the exception of certain widely used PC operating systems
(that will remain nameless) quality does appear to be a reasonable harbinger of successful
software. A program that is “flexible and extensible” will not succeed if it fails
regularly and behaves unpredictably. It should be noted that much has been written about
“good enough” software. That’s OK as long as the word “good” is emphasized.
3.7) Process models can be combined. Each model suggests a somewhat different process flow,
but all perform the same set of generic framework activities: communication, planning,
modeling, construction, and deployment.
For example the linear sequential model can serve as a useful process model in
situations where requirements are fixed and work is to proceed to completion in a
linear manner. In cases, where the developer may be unsure of the efficiency of an
algorithm, the adaptability of an operating system, or the form that human-machine
interaction should take. In these, and many other situations, a prototyping model
may offer the best approach. In other cases, an incremental approach may make sense
and the flow of Spiral model may be efficient. Special process models take on many
of the characteristics of one or more of the tradition.
3.8) A software engineering workflow is distributed across all UP phases. In the context of
UP, a workflow is analogous to a task set. That is, a workflow identifies the tasks required
to accomplish an important software engineering action and the work products that are
produced as a consequence of successfully completing the tasks. UP workflow is conducted
for every software project, whereas the five UP phases do not necessarily occur in a
sequence, but rather with staggered concurrency. It is likelyin the UP that at the same
time the construction, transition, and production phases are being conducted, work may
have already begun on the next software increment.
3.9) Stated simply, the concurrent process model assumes that different parts of a project
will be different stages of completeness, and therefore, different software engineering
activities are all being performed concurrently. The challenge is to manage the
concurrency and be able to assess the status of the project.
3.10) The advantages of developing a software in which quality is” good enough” is that the
product or software will meet the deadline, it may however lead to delivery of software
that is low in quality and requires time to improve the quality. When speed is emphasized
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