Abstract:
Introduction
This study explores the use of the latest You Only Look Once (YOLO V7) object detection method
to enhance kidney detection in medical imaging by training and testing a modified YOLO V7 on
medical image formats.
Methods
Study includes 878 patients with various subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 206 patients
with normal kidneys. A total of 5657 MRI scans for 1084 patients were retrieved. 326 patients
with 1034 tumors recruited from a retrospective maintained database, and bounding boxes were
drawn around their tumors. A primary model was trained on 80% of annotated cases, with 20%
saved for testing (primary test set). The best primary model was then used to identify tumors in
the remaining 861 patients and bounding box coordinates were generated on their scans using the
model. Ten benchmark training sets were created with generated coordinates on not-segmented
patients. The final model used to predict the kidney in the primary test set. We reported the positive
predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, and mean average precision (mAP).
Results
The primary training set showed an average PPV of 0.94 ± 0.01, sensitivity of 0.87 ± 0.04, and
mAP of 0.91 ± 0.02. The best primary model yielded a PPV of 0.97, sensitivity of 0.92, and mAP
of 0.95. The final model demonstrated an average PPV of 0.95 ± 0.03, sensitivity of 0.98 ± 0.004,
and mAP of 0.95 ± 0.01.
Conclusion
Using a semi-supervised approach with a medical image library, we developed a high-performing
model for kidney detection. Further external validation is required to assess the model's
generalizability.
Keywords:YOLO v7, Kidney, Renal cell carcinoma