JavaFX 8权威指南：构建桌面、移动与嵌入式Java应用

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"《Pro JavaFX 8：构建桌面、移动和嵌入式Java客户端的权威指南》是由Johan Vos、Weiqi Gao、Stephen Chin、Dean Iverson和James Weaver共同编著的一本专业书籍。作为JavaFX自2007年诞生以来的开发者、作者、演讲者和倡导者，他们对于JavaFX 8的发布在2014年3月作为Java SE 8的组成部分感到兴奋。这本书的核心内容聚焦于JavaFX的应用，它不仅能在台式机操作系统（如Mac、Windows和Linux）上运行，而且扩展到了嵌入式设备，如Raspberry Pi，这使得它在物联网(IoT)的发展中占据了重要地位，能够支持IoT的用户界面设计。 JavaFX 8的成功在于其跨平台能力，不仅限于传统的桌面环境，还能够适应移动设备的开发需求。通过社区项目，诸如Johan Vos和Niklas Therning领导的工作，JavaFX应用程序已经被部署到Android和iOS设备上，这意味着开发者可以利用JavaFX的潜力来构建统一的用户体验，无论是在大型电脑还是小巧的移动设备上。本书详细介绍了如何利用JavaFX 8进行高效、现代的客户端应用程序开发，涵盖了从基础概念到高级特性的全面指导。内容包括但不限于UI设计、图形用户界面(GUI)编程、动画与多媒体处理、事件处理、网络通信、多线程和并发、以及如何将JavaFX应用移植到不同平台。此外，书中还会探讨如何利用JavaFX与HTML5、CSS3和JavaScript的集成，以实现更丰富的Web和移动应用交互。版权方面，所有内容受到法律保护，未经许可，复制、再版或任何形式的传播都需要遵循版权法规定。例外的是，为了学术评论或研究目的的短篇摘录，以及供购买者个人计算机系统使用的特定材料。《Pro JavaFX 8》是一本对JavaFX开发者来说不可或缺的参考书，帮助他们掌握这一强大的Java客户端开发技术。"

Chapter 1

Getting a Jump Start in JavaFX

Don’t ask what the world needs. Ask what makes you come alive, and go do it. Because what the

world needs is people who have come alive.

—Howard Thurman

At the annual JavaOne conference in May 2007, Sun Microsystems announced a new product family named JavaFX.

Its stated purpose includes enabling the development and deployment of content-rich applications on consumer

devices such as cell phones, televisions, in-dash car systems, and browsers. Josh Marinacci, a software engineer

at Sun, made the following statement, very appropriately, in a Java Posse interview: “JavaFX is sort of a code word

for reinventing client Java and fixing the sins of the past.” He was referring to the fact that Java Swing and Java 2D

have lots of capability, but are also very complex. By using FXML, JavaFX allows us to simply and elegantly express

user interfaces (UIs) with a declarative programming style. It also leverages the full power of Java, because you can

instantiate and use the millions of Java classes that exist today. Add features such as binding the UI to properties in a

model and change listeners that reduce the need for setter methods, and you have a combination that will help restore

Java to the client-side Internet applications.

In this chapter, we give you a jump start in developing JavaFX applications. After bringing you up to date on the

brief history of JavaFX, we show you how to get the required tools. We also explore some great JavaFX resources and

walk you through the process of compiling and running JavaFX applications. In the process you’ll learn a lot about the

JavaFX application programming interface (API) as we walk through application code together.

A Brief History of JavaFX

JavaFX started life as the brainchild of Chris Oliver when he worked for a company named SeeBeyond. They had

a need for richer user interfaces, so Chris created a language that he dubbed F3 (Form Follows Function) for that

purpose. In the article “Mind-Bendingly Cool Innovation” (cited in the Resources section at the end of this chapter),

Chris is quoted as follows: “When it comes to integrating people into business processes, you need graphical user

interfaces for them to interact with, so there was a use case for graphics in the enterprise application space, and there

was an interest at SeeBeyond in having richer user interfaces.”

SeeBeyond was acquired by Sun, who subsequently changed the name of F3 to JavaFX, and announced it at

JavaOne 2007. Chris Oliver joined Sun during the acquisition and continued to lead the development of JavaFX.

The first version of JavaFX Script was an interpreted language, and was considered a prototype of the compiled

JavaFX Script language that was to come later. Interpreted JavaFX Script was very robust, and there were two JavaFX

books published in the latter part of 2007 based on that version. One was written in Japanese, and the other was

written in English and published by Apress (JavaFX Script: Dynamic Java Scripting for Rich Internet/Client-Side

Applications, Apress, 2007).

While developers were experimenting with JavaFX and providing feedback for improvement, the JavaFX

Script compiler team at Sun was busy creating a compiled version of the language. This included a new set of

runtime API libraries. The JavaFX Script compiler project reached a tipping point in early December 2007, which

Chapter 1 ■ GettinG a Jump Start in JavaFX

was commemorated in a blog post entitled “Congratulations to the JavaFX Script Compiler Team—The Elephant Is

Through the Door.” That phrase came from the JavaFX Script compiler project leader Tom Ball in a blog post, which

contained the following excerpt.

An elephant analogy came to me when I was recently grilled about exactly when the JavaFX Script

compiler team will deliver our first milestone release. “I can’t give you an accurate date,” I said. “It’s

like pushing an elephant through a door; until a critical mass makes it past the threshold you just

don’t know when you’ll be finished. Once you pass that threshold, though, the rest happens quickly

and in a manner that can be more accurately predicted.”

A screenshot of the silly, compiled JavaFX application written by one of the authors, Jim Weaver, for that post is

shown in Figure 1-1, demonstrating that the project had in fact reached the critical mass to which Tom Ball referred.

Figure 1-1. Screenshot for the “Elephant Is Through the Door” program

Much progress continued to be made on JavaFX in 2008:

The NetBeans JavaFX plug-in became available for the compiled version in March 2008.•

Many of the JavaFX runtime libraries (mostly focusing on the UI aspects of JavaFX) were •

rewritten by a team that included some very talented developers from the Java Swing team.

In July 2008, the JavaFX Preview Software Development Kit (SDK) was released, and at •

JavaOne 2008, Sun announced that the JavaFX 1.0 SDK would be released in fall 2008.

On December 4, 2008, the JavaFX 1.0 SDK was released. This event increased the adoption •

rate of JavaFX by developers and IT managers because it represented a stable codebase.

In April 2009, Oracle and Sun announced that Oracle would be acquiring Sun. The JavaFX 1.2 •

SDK was released at JavaOne 2009.

In January 2010, Oracle completed its acquisition of Sun. The JavaFX 1.3 SDK was released in •

April 2010, with JavaFX 1.3.1 being the last of the 1.3 releases.

Chapter 1 ■ GettinG a Jump Start in JavaFX

At JavaOne 2010, JavaFX 2.0 was announced. The JavaFX 2.0 roadmap was published by Oracle and included

items such as the following.

Deprecate the JavaFX Script language in favor of using Java and the JavaFX 2.0 API. This brings •

JavaFX into the mainstream by making it available to any language (e.g., Java, Groovy, and

JRuby) that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). As a consequence, existing developers do

not need to learn a new language, but they can use existing skills and start developing JavaFX

applications.

Make the compelling features of JavaFX Script, including binding to expressions, available in •

the JavaFX 2.0 API.

Offer an increasingly rich set of UI components, building on the components already available •

in JavaFX 1.3.

Provide a Web component for embedding HTML and JavaScript content into JavaFX •

applications.

Enable JavaFX interoperability with Swing.•

Rewrite the media stack from the ground up.•

JavaFX 2.0 was released at JavaOne 2011, and has enjoyed a greatly increased adoption rate due to the innovative

features articulated previously.

JavaFX 8 marks another important milestone. JavaFX is now an integral part of the Java Platform,

Standard Edition.

This is a clear indication that JavaFX is considered mature enough, and that it is the future of •

Java on the client.

This greatly benefits developers, as they don’t have to download two SDKs and tool suites.•

The new technologies in Java 8, in particular the Lambda expressions, Stream API, and default •

interface methods, are very usable in JavaFX.

Many new features have been added, including native 3D support, a printing API, and some •

new controls including a datepicker.

Now that you’ve had the obligatory history lesson in JavaFX, let’s get one step closer to writing code by showing

you where some examples, tools, and other resources are.

Prepare Your JavaFX Journey

Required Tools

Because JavaFX is now part of Java, you don’t have to download a separate JavaFX SDK. The whole

JavaFX API and implementation is part of the Java 8 SE SDK that can be downloaded from

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html.

This SDK contains everything you need to develop, run, and package JavaFX applications. You can compile

JavaFX applications using command-line tools contained in the Java 8 SE SDK.

Most developers, however, prefer an integrated development environment (IDE) for increased productivity.

By definition, an IDE that supports Java 8 also supports JavaFX 8. Hence, you can use your favorite IDE and develop

JavaFX applications. In this book, we mainly use the NetBeans IDE, as it allows for a tighter

integration with SceneBuilder (see the next paragraph). The NetBeans IDE can be downloaded from

https://netbeans.org/downloads.

Chapter 1 ■ GettinG a Jump Start in JavaFX

In addition, blogs maintained by JavaFX engineers and developers are great resources for up-to-the-minute

technical information on JavaFX. For example, Oracle JavaFX Engineers Richard Bair, Jasper Potts, and Jonathan

Giles keep the developer community apprised of the latest JavaFX innovations at http://fxexperience.com. The

Resources section at the end of this chapter contains the URLs of the blogs that the authors of this book use to engage

the JavaFX developer community.

Two important characteristics of the JavaFX Community are its own creativity and the desire to share. There are

a number of open-source efforts bringing added value to the JavaFX Platform. Because of good cooperation between

the JavaFX Platform engineers and the external JavaFX developers, these open-source projects fit very well with the

official JavaFX Platform.

Some of the most interesting efforts are listed here:

RoboVM allows you to create iOS applications using Java and JavaFX. As a consequence, your •

JavaFX application can be used to create an app for the iPhone or the iPad.

The JavaFX-Android project maintains a JavaFX SDK for Android development. As a •

consequence, your JavaFX application can be used to create an app for Android devices.

The iOS and the Android port of JavaFX are discussed in more detail in Chapter 12.

• JFXtras.org is a project working on adding high-quality controls and add-ons to the JavaFX

Platform.

ControlsFX is another project adding high-quality controls and tools to the JavaFX Platform.•

It is worth mentioning that the JavaFX team is closely watching the efforts in both JFXtras.org and ControlsFX,

and ideas that are started in one of those projects might make it into one of the next releases of JavaFX.

DataFX is an open-source project aiming to facilitate the retrieval of external data in JavaFX •

applications, and to provide JavaFX developers with enterprise functionality like injection and

flow management.

OpenDolphin is another project helping developers in separating and synchronizing client •

and server development, by implementing the highest degree of Model-View-Controller

separation.

Take a few minutes to explore these sites. Next we point out some more valuable resources that are helpful.

Use the Official Specifications

While developing JavaFX applications, it is very useful to have access to the API JavaDoc documentation, which is

available at http://download.java.net/jdk8/jfxdocs/index.html and shown in Figure 1-3.

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