Oracle 12c数据库实用工具(E41528-05)：12.1.0.2版详解

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Oracle Database Utilities 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2) E41528-05，发布于2015年5月，是由Oracle公司提供的官方数据库工具集合。该版本包含了丰富的功能，旨在协助数据库管理员（DBA）进行日常维护、性能优化、数据管理以及备份恢复等工作。版权方面，所有权利归Oracle及其关联公司所有，受1996年和2015年的版权法保护。主要作者Kathy Rich对这个版本的开发和设计做出了重要贡献，而包括Lee Barton、George Claborn、Steve DiPirro等在内的多位专家也作为贡献者，共同确保了这些工具的高效性和准确性。Oracle Database Utilities在12c Release 1中提供了广泛的工具集，涵盖了数据清理、安全审计、空间管理、性能监控、备份恢复等多个关键领域。然而，使用这些软件及相关文档时必须遵守严格的许可证协议，这可能限制了某些使用、复制、修改或分发的行为。除非在协议明确允许或法律规定的情况下，否则禁止对软件进行反向工程、解体或反编译。此外，软件中的信息可能会随时更新，且不保证完全无误，用户在使用过程中应对此有所认知。 Oracle Database Utilities 12c Release 1是一个功能强大且高度专业化的工具包，对于任何处理Oracle数据库的企业或个人来说，理解和熟练掌握这些工具是提高数据库管理效率和保障系统稳定性的关键。通过学习和实践文档中的内容，DBA能够更有效地管理和维护他们的Oracle数据库环境。

Access Parameters .......................................................................................................................... 14-3

Data Type Conversion During External Table Use ........................................................................... 14-4

15 The ORACLE_LOADER Access Driver

access_parameters Clause ..................................................................................................................... 15-2

record_format_info Clause .................................................................................................................... 15-3

FIXED length ................................................................................................................................... 15-5

VARIABLE size............................................................................................................................... 15-5

DELIMITED BY .............................................................................................................................. 15-6

CHARACTERSET .......................................................................................................................... 15-6

EXTERNAL VARIABLE DATA ................................................................................................... 15-7

PREPROCESSOR ............................................................................................................................ 15-8

LANGUAGE ................................................................................................................................. 15-10

TERRITORY .................................................................................................................................. 15-11

DATA IS...ENDIAN ..................................................................................................................... 15-11

BYTEORDERMARK (CHECK | NOCHECK) ......................................................................... 15-11

STRING SIZES ARE IN ............................................................................................................... 15-12

LOAD WHEN ............................................................................................................................... 15-12

BADFILE | NOBADFILE............................................................................................................ 15-13

DISCARDFILE | NODISCARDFILE......................................................................................... 15-13

LOGFILE | NOLOGFILE............................................................................................................ 15-13

SKIP ............................................................................................................................................... 15-13

FIELD NAMES.............................................................................................................................. 15-14

READSIZE ..................................................................................................................................... 15-14

DISABLE_DIRECTORY_LINK_CHECK .................................................................................. 15-14

DATE_CACHE ............................................................................................................................. 15-15

string............................................................................................................................................... 15-15

condition_spec .............................................................................................................................. 15-15

[directory object name:] [filename]............................................................................................ 15-16

condition ........................................................................................................................................ 15-17

IO_OPTIONS clause..................................................................................................................... 15-18

DNFS_DISABLE | DNFS_ENABLE.......................................................................................... 15-18

DNFS_READBUFFERS................................................................................................................ 15-18

field_definitions Clause ....................................................................................................................... 15-19

delim_spec..................................................................................................................................... 15-23

trim_spec........................................................................................................................................ 15-25

MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL..................................................................................... 15-26

field_list.......................................................................................................................................... 15-27

pos_spec Clause............................................................................................................................ 15-28

datatype_spec Clause .................................................................................................................. 15-29

init_spec Clause ............................................................................................................................ 15-36

column_transforms Clause.................................................................................................................. 15-37

transform ....................................................................................................................................... 15-37

xvi

Parallel Loading Considerations for the ORACLE_LOADER Access Driver.............................. 15-40

Performance Hints When Using the ORACLE_LOADER Access Driver .................................... 15-41

Restrictions When Using the ORACLE_LOADER Access Driver................................................. 15-42

Reserved Words for the ORACLE_LOADER Access Driver ......................................................... 15-42

16 The ORACLE_DATAPUMP Access Driver

access_parameters Clause ..................................................................................................................... 16-1

comments......................................................................................................................................... 16-2

COMPRESSION.............................................................................................................................. 16-2

ENCRYPTION ................................................................................................................................ 16-3

LOGFILE | NOLOGFILE .............................................................................................................. 16-4

VERSION Clause ............................................................................................................................ 16-5

Effects of Using the SQL ENCRYPT Clause ............................................................................... 16-5

Unloading and Loading Data with the ORACLE_DATAPUMP Access Driver ........................... 16-6

Parallel Loading and Unloading .................................................................................................. 16-9

Combining Dump Files ................................................................................................................. 16-9

Supported Data Types ......................................................................................................................... 16-10

Unsupported Data Types .................................................................................................................... 16-11

Unloading and Loading BFILE Data Types ............................................................................. 16-11

Unloading LONG and LONG RAW Data Types .................................................................... 16-13

Unloading and Loading Columns Containing Final Object Types....................................... 16-14

Tables of Final Object Types ....................................................................................................... 16-15

Performance Hints When Using the ORACLE_DATAPUMP Access Driver.............................. 16-16

Restrictions When Using the ORACLE_DATAPUMP Access Driver .......................................... 16-16

Reserved Words for the ORACLE_DATAPUMP Access Driver................................................... 16-17

Part IV Other Utilities

17 ADRCI: ADR Command Interpreter

About the ADR Command Interpreter (ADRCI) Utility .................................................................. 17-1

Definitions................................................................................................................................................ 17-2

Starting ADRCI and Getting Help ....................................................................................................... 17-4

Using ADRCI in Interactive Mode............................................................................................... 17-4

Getting Help .................................................................................................................................... 17-5

Using ADRCI in Batch Mode........................................................................................................ 17-6

Setting the ADRCI Homepath Before Using ADRCI Commands ................................................... 17-6

Viewing the Alert Log ............................................................................................................................ 17-8

Finding Trace Files.................................................................................................................................. 17-9

Viewing Incidents................................................................................................................................. 17-10

Packaging Incidents.............................................................................................................................. 17-11

About Packaging Incidents ......................................................................................................... 17-11

Creating Incident Packages......................................................................................................... 17-12

ADRCI Command Reference .............................................................................................................. 17-15

xvii

CREATE REPORT ........................................................................................................................ 17-16

ECHO ............................................................................................................................................. 17-17

EXIT................................................................................................................................................ 17-17

HOST.............................................................................................................................................. 17-18

IPS ................................................................................................................................................... 17-18

PURGE ........................................................................................................................................... 17-36

QUIT............................................................................................................................................... 17-37

RUN................................................................................................................................................ 17-38

SELECT .......................................................................................................................................... 17-38

SET BASE....................................................................................................................................... 17-47

SET BROWSER ............................................................................................................................. 17-47

SET CONTROL............................................................................................................................. 17-48

SET ECHO ..................................................................................................................................... 17-48

SET EDITOR.................................................................................................................................. 17-49

SET HOMEPATH......................................................................................................................... 17-49

SET TERMOUT............................................................................................................................. 17-50

SHOW ALERT .............................................................................................................................. 17-50

SHOW BASE ................................................................................................................................. 17-52

SHOW CONTROL ....................................................................................................................... 17-53

SHOW HM_RUN ......................................................................................................................... 17-53

SHOW HOMEPATH ................................................................................................................... 17-54

SHOW HOMES............................................................................................................................. 17-55

SHOW INCDIR............................................................................................................................. 17-55

SHOW INCIDENT ....................................................................................................................... 17-56

SHOW LOG................................................................................................................................... 17-60

SHOW PROBLEM........................................................................................................................ 17-61

SHOW REPORT............................................................................................................................ 17-62

SHOW TRACEFILE ..................................................................................................................... 17-63

SPOOL............................................................................................................................................ 17-64

Troubleshooting ADRCI...................................................................................................................... 17-64

18 DBVERIFY: Offline Database Verification Utility

Using DBVERIFY to Validate Disk Blocks of a Single Data File...................................................... 18-1

DBVERIFY Syntax When Validating Blocks of a Single File ................................................... 18-1

DBVERIFY Parameters When Validating Blocks of a Single File............................................ 18-2

Sample DBVERIFY Output For a Single Data File .................................................................... 18-3

Using DBVERIFY to Validate a Segment ............................................................................................ 18-3

DBVERIFY Syntax When Validating a Segment........................................................................ 18-4

DBVERIFY Parameters When Validating a Single Segment.................................................... 18-4

Sample DBVERIFY Output For a Validated Segment .............................................................. 18-5

19 DBNEWID Utility

What Is the DBNEWID Utility? ............................................................................................................ 19-1

xviii

Ramifications of Changing the DBID and DBNAME........................................................................ 19-1

Considerations for Global Database Names............................................................................... 19-2

Changing the DBID and DBNAME of a Database............................................................................. 19-2

Changing the DBID and Database Name ................................................................................... 19-2

Changing Only the Database ID .................................................................................................. 19-4

Changing Only the Database Name ............................................................................................ 19-5

Troubleshooting DBNEWID ......................................................................................................... 19-6

DBNEWID Syntax................................................................................................................................... 19-7

DBNEWID Parameters .................................................................................................................. 19-8

Restrictions and Usage Notes ....................................................................................................... 19-8

Additional Restrictions for Releases Earlier Than Oracle Database 10g................................ 19-9

20 Using LogMiner to Analyze Redo Log Files

LogMiner Benefits................................................................................................................................... 20-1

Introduction to LogMiner ...................................................................................................................... 20-2

LogMiner Configuration ............................................................................................................... 20-2

Directing LogMiner Operations and Retrieving Data of Interest ........................................... 20-4

Using LogMiner in a CDB ..................................................................................................................... 20-5

LogMiner V$ Views and DBA Views in a CDB ......................................................................... 20-6

The V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS View in a CDB......................................................................... 20-6

Enabling Supplemental Logging in a CDB................................................................................. 20-7

Using a Flat File Dictionary in a CDB.......................................................................................... 20-7

LogMiner Dictionary Files and Redo Log Files.................................................................................. 20-7

LogMiner Dictionary Options ...................................................................................................... 20-8

Redo Log File Options ................................................................................................................. 20-11

Starting LogMiner................................................................................................................................. 20-13

Querying V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS for Redo Data of Interest ................................................... 20-13

How the V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS View Is Populated........................................................ 20-15

Querying V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS Based on Column Values.......................................... 20-16

Querying V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS Based on XMLType Columns and Tables .............. 20-17

Filtering and Formatting Data Returned to V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS...................................... 20-22

Showing Only Committed Transactions................................................................................... 20-22

Skipping Redo Corruptions........................................................................................................ 20-24

Filtering Data by Time................................................................................................................. 20-25

Filtering Data by SCN.................................................................................................................. 20-26

Formatting Reconstructed SQL Statements for Re-execution................................................ 20-26

Formatting the Appearance of Returned Data for Readability ............................................. 20-26

Reapplying DDL Statements Returned to V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS ........................................ 20-27

Calling DBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR Multiple Times ..................................................... 20-28

Supplemental Logging......................................................................................................................... 20-28

Database-Level Supplemental Logging .................................................................................... 20-29

Disabling Database-Level Supplemental Logging .................................................................. 20-31

Table-Level Supplemental Logging........................................................................................... 20-32

xix

Tracking DDL Statements in the LogMiner Dictionary.......................................................... 20-34

DDL_DICT_TRACKING and Supplemental Logging Settings............................................. 20-35

DDL_DICT_TRACKING and Specified Time or SCN Ranges ............................................. 20-36

Accessing LogMiner Operational Information in Views ................................................................ 20-37

Querying V$LOGMNR_LOGS................................................................................................... 20-37

Querying Views for Supplemental Logging Settings ............................................................. 20-38

Steps in a Typical LogMiner Session ................................................................................................. 20-40

Typical LogMiner Session Task 1: Enable Supplemental Logging ....................................... 20-41

Typical LogMiner Session Task 2: Extract a LogMiner Dictionary....................................... 20-41

Typical LogMiner Session Task 3: Specify Redo Log Files for Analysis .............................. 20-41

Typical LogMiner Session Task 4: Start LogMiner.................................................................. 20-42

Typical LogMiner Session Task 5: Query V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS................................. 20-43

Typical LogMiner Session Task 6: End the LogMiner Session .............................................. 20-43

Examples Using LogMiner.................................................................................................................. 20-43

Examples of Mining by Explicitly Specifying the Redo Log Files of Interest...................... 20-44

Examples of Mining Without Specifying the List of Redo Log Files Explicitly .................. 20-62

Example Scenarios........................................................................................................................ 20-67

Supported Data Types, Storage Attributes, and Database and Redo Log File Versions ........... 20-69

Supported Data Types and Table Storage Attributes ............................................................. 20-69

Unsupported Data Types and Table Storage Attributes ........................................................ 20-72

Supported Databases and Redo Log File Versions ................................................................. 20-72

SecureFiles LOB Considerations ................................................................................................ 20-72

21 Using the Metadata APIs

Why Use the DBMS_METADATA API? ............................................................................................. 21-1

Overview of the DBMS_METADATA API ......................................................................................... 21-2

Using the DBMS_METADATA API to Retrieve an Object's Metadata .......................................... 21-2

Typical Steps Used for Basic Metadata Retrieval ...................................................................... 21-3

Retrieving Multiple Objects .......................................................................................................... 21-4

Placing Conditions on Transforms .............................................................................................. 21-5

Accessing Specific Metadata Attributes ...................................................................................... 21-7

Using the DBMS_METADATA API to Re-Create a Retrieved Object.......................................... 21-10

Using the DBMS_METADATA API to Retrieve Collections of Different Object Types............ 21-12

Filtering the Return of Heterogeneous Object Types.............................................................. 21-13

Using the DBMS_METADATA_DIFF API to Compare Object Metadata ................................... 21-14

Performance Tips for the Programmatic Interface of the DBMS_METADATA API.................. 21-22

Example Usage of the DBMS_METADATA API............................................................................. 21-23

What Does the DBMS_METADATA Example Do? ................................................................ 21-23

Output Generated from the GET_PAYROLL_TABLES Procedure ..................................... 21-25

Summary of DBMS_METADATA Procedures ................................................................................ 21-27

Summary of DBMS_METADATA_DIFF Procedures...................................................................... 21-28

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