JavaEE6入门教程：经典实战指南

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"JavaEE6教程，官方文档，涵盖了开发Java平台企业版应用的全面指导，包含文档和示例代码。" 《JavaEE6教程》是Java企业版开发的经典指南，适用于那些希望深入理解和掌握Java平台企业版（Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, 简称Java EE）的开发者。此教程由Oracle公司出版，旨在帮助读者开发Java EE应用程序，并提供相关的文档和示例代码以加深理解。 Java EE是一个用于构建分布式、多层的企业级应用的框架，它包括一系列的组件和服务，如Servlet、JSP（JavaServer Pages）、EJB（Enterprise JavaBeans）、JMS（Java Message Service）、JPA（Java Persistence API）以及JSF（JavaServer Faces）等。这些技术使得开发者能够构建高效、可扩展且易于维护的Web应用。本教程详细讲解了以下关键知识点： 1. **基础概念**：介绍Java EE的基本架构，包括容器管理和部署的概念，以及它们如何支持组件模型。 2. **Servlet与JSP**：讲解如何使用Servlet处理HTTP请求，以及JSP在构建动态网页中的角色，包括EL（Expression Language）和JSTL（JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library）的使用。 3. **JavaServer Faces (JSF)**：介绍JSF框架，它是Java EE中用于创建用户界面的标准，支持MVC（Model-View-Controller）模式。 4. **Java Persistence API (JPA)**：讨论对象关系映射（ORM）和JPA，用于在Java应用中管理持久化数据，包括实体（Entities）、查询语言（JPQL）和关系映射。 5. **Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)**：涵盖EJB 3.x，包括无状态会话bean、有状态会话bean、消息驱动bean（MDB）以及实体bean，阐述其在业务逻辑处理中的作用。 6. **Java Message Service (JMS)**：解释如何利用JMS进行异步通信和消息传递。 7. **Java Transaction API (JTA)** 和 **Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)**：讲解事务管理和数据库连接，确保数据一致性。 8. **Web服务**：包括SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）和RESTful Web服务的创建和消费。 9. **安全**：介绍Java EE的安全特性，如角色基授权、SSL/TLS、容器身份验证和授权机制。 10. **部署与测试**：讲解应用的打包、部署和测试过程，包括部署描述符（deployment descriptors）和测试框架的使用。该教程提供的示例代码是基于Berkeley许可证授权的，允许学习和研究用途，但不得用于商业目的或未经许可的分发。阅读者需遵守Oracle设定的使用和披露条款，以保护知识产权。《JavaEE6教程》是一份详尽的学习资料，对于想要在Java EE领域提升技能的开发者来说，是不可或缺的参考书籍。通过学习，开发者不仅可以掌握Java EE的关键技术，还能了解到如何将这些技术整合到实际项目中，以构建高效的企业级解决方案。

The Lifecycle of a Stateless Session Bean ................................................................................. 437

The Lifecycle of a Singleton Session Bean ............................................................................... 437

The Lifecycle of a Message-Driven Bean ................................................................................. 438

Further Information about Enterprise Beans ................................................................................ 439

23 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans .......................................................................................... 441

Creating the Enterprise Bean ........................................................................................................... 441

Coding the Enterprise Bean Class ............................................................................................ 442

Creating the converter Web Client ........................................................................................ 442

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the converter Example ............................ 443

Modifying the Java EE Application ................................................................................................. 444

▼ To Modify a Class File ................................................................................................................ 444

24 Running the Enterprise Bean Examples ........................................................................................ 447

The cart Example ............................................................................................................................. 447

The Business Interface ............................................................................................................... 448

Session Bean Class ..................................................................................................................... 449

The @Remove Method ................................................................................................................. 452

Helper Classes ............................................................................................................................. 452

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the cart Example ...................................... 452

A Singleton Session Bean Example: counter ................................................................................. 454

Creating a Singleton Session Bean ........................................................................................... 454

The Architecture of the counter Example .............................................................................. 458

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the counter Example ................................ 461

A Web Service Example: helloservice ......................................................................................... 462

The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class ................................................................ 462

Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class ........................................................................ 463

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Testing the helloservice Example ........................ 463

Using the Timer Service .................................................................................................................... 465

Creating Calendar-Based Timer Expressions ........................................................................ 465

Programmatic Timers ............................................................................................................... 468

Automatic Timers ...................................................................................................................... 469

Canceling and Saving Timers ................................................................................................... 470

Getting Timer Information ...................................................................................................... 471

Transactions and Timers .......................................................................................................... 471

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • April 201216

The timersession Example ..................................................................................................... 471

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the timersession Example ...................... 474

Handling Exceptions ......................................................................................................................... 475

25 A Message-Driven Bean Example ...................................................................................................477

simplemessage Example Application Overview ........................................................................... 477

The simplemessage Application Client ......................................................................................... 478

The Message-Driven Bean Class ..................................................................................................... 479

The onMessage Method ............................................................................................................. 480

Packaging, Deploying, and Running the simplemessage Example ............................................ 481

Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example ....................................................... 481

▼ To Build, Deploy, and Run the simplemessage Application Using NetBeans IDE ........... 482

▼ To Build, Deploy, and Run the simplemessage Application Using Ant ............................. 482

Removing the Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example .............................. 483

26 Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ........................................................................ 485

Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ............................................................... 485

Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications ............................................................... 485

Running Embedded Applications ............................................................................................ 486

Creating the Enterprise Bean Container ................................................................................. 486

Looking Up Session Bean References ...................................................................................... 488

Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container ..................................................................... 488

The standalone Example Application ........................................................................................... 488

▼ Running the standalone Example Application ..................................................................... 489

27 Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans ....................................................... 491

Asynchronous Method Invocation ................................................................................................. 491

Creating an Asynchronous Business Method ......................................................................... 492

Calling Asynchronous Methods from Enterprise Bean Clients ........................................... 493

The async Example Application ...................................................................................................... 494

Architecture of the async Example Application .................................................................... 494

▼ Conguring the Keystore and Truststore in GlassFish Server ............................................. 495

▼ Running the async Example Application in NetBeans IDE ................................................. 496

▼ Running the async Example Application Using Ant ............................................................ 497

Contents

Part V Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform ...................................................499

28 Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform .......................501

Overview of CDI ................................................................................................................................ 502

About Beans ....................................................................................................................................... 503

About CDI Managed Beans .............................................................................................................. 503

Beans as Injectable Objects ............................................................................................................... 504

Using Qualiers ................................................................................................................................. 505

Injecting Beans ................................................................................................................................... 506

Using Scopes ...................................................................................................................................... 506

Giving Beans EL Names .................................................................................................................... 508

Adding Setter and Getter Methods .................................................................................................. 508

Using a Managed Bean in a Facelets Page ....................................................................................... 509

Injecting Objects by Using Producer Methods .............................................................................. 509

Conguring a CDI Application ....................................................................................................... 510

Further Information about CDI ...................................................................................................... 510

29 Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples .......................................... 511

The simplegreeting CDI Example ................................................................................................ 511

The simplegreeting Source Files ........................................................................................... 512

The Facelets Template and Page ............................................................................................... 512

Conguration Files .................................................................................................................... 513

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the simplegreeting CDI Example ......... 514

The guessnumber CDI Example ...................................................................................................... 515

The guessnumber Source Files ................................................................................................. 516

The Facelets Page ....................................................................................................................... 520

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the guessnumber CDI Example ............... 521

30 Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform: AdvancedTopics ...................523

Using Alternatives in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 523

Using Specialization .................................................................................................................. 524

Using Producer Methods and Fields in CDI Applications ........................................................... 525

Using Events in CDI Applications ................................................................................................... 527

Dening Events .......................................................................................................................... 527

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • April 201218

Using Observer Methods to Handle Events ............................................................................ 528

Firing Events ............................................................................................................................... 529

Using Interceptors in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 530

Using Decorators in CDI Applications ........................................................................................... 532

Using Stereotypes in CDI Applications .......................................................................................... 533

31 Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples ................................. 535

The encoder Example: Using Alternatives .................................................................................... 535

The Coder Interface and Implementations ............................................................................. 536

The encoder Facelets Page and Managed Bean ...................................................................... 536

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the encoder Example ................................ 538

The producermethods Example: Using a Producer Method To Choose a Bean

Implementation ................................................................................................................................. 540

Components of the producermethods Example .................................................................... 541

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the producermethods Example ............... 542

The producerfields Example: Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................ 543

The Producer Field for the producerfields Example .......................................................... 544

The producerfields Entity and Session Bean ...................................................................... 545

The producerfields Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ..................................................... 546

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the producerfields Example ................. 548

The billpayment Example: Using Events and Interceptors ........................................................ 550

The PaymentEvent Event Class ................................................................................................ 550

The PaymentHandler Event Listener ....................................................................................... 550

The billpayment Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ............................................................ 551

The LoggedInterceptor Interceptor Class ............................................................................ 553

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the billpayment Example ........................ 554

The decorators Example: Decorating a Bean ............................................................................... 556

Components of the decorators Example .............................................................................. 556

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the decorators Example .......................... 557

Part VI Persistence ..........................................................................................................................................559

32 Introduction to the Java Persistence API ...................................................................................... 561

Entities ................................................................................................................................................ 561

Requirements for Entity Classes .............................................................................................. 562

Contents

Persistent Fields and Properties in Entity Classes .................................................................. 562

Primary Keys in Entities ............................................................................................................ 567

Multiplicity in Entity Relationships ......................................................................................... 569

Direction in Entity Relationships ............................................................................................. 569

Embeddable Classes in Entities ................................................................................................ 572

Entity Inheritance .............................................................................................................................. 573

Abstract Entities ......................................................................................................................... 573

Mapped Superclasses ................................................................................................................. 573

Non-Entity Superclasses ........................................................................................................... 574

Entity Inheritance Mapping Strategies .................................................................................... 574

Managing Entities .............................................................................................................................. 577

The EntityManager Interface .................................................................................................. 577

Persistence Units ........................................................................................................................ 581

Querying Entities ............................................................................................................................... 582

Further Information about Persistence .......................................................................................... 583

33 Running the Persistence Examples ................................................................................................585

The order Application ...................................................................................................................... 585

Entity Relationships in the order Application ....................................................................... 586

Primary Keys in the order Application ................................................................................... 588

Entity Mapped to More Than One Database Table ............................................................... 591

Cascade Operations in the order Application ....................................................................... 591

BLOB and CLOB Database Types in the order Application ................................................ 592

Temporal Types in the order Application .............................................................................. 593

Managing the order Application’s Entities ............................................................................. 593

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the order Application ............................... 595

The roster Application .................................................................................................................... 596

Relationships in the roster Application ................................................................................. 597

Entity Inheritance in the roster Application ......................................................................... 598

Criteria Queries in the roster Application ............................................................................ 599

Automatic Table Generation in the roster Application ...................................................... 601

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the roster Application ............................. 601

The address-book Application ....................................................................................................... 604

Bean Validation Constraints in address-book ...................................................................... 604

Specifying Error Messages for Constraints in address-book .............................................. 605

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • April 201220

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