零基础入门：Android应用开发指南

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《Android应用开发入门指南：绝对初学者篇》第二版由Wallace Jackson撰写，由Apress出版社出版。本书专为那些没有任何编程背景的读者设计，旨在帮助他们从零开始理解并掌握Android应用程序开发的基础。作者在书中深入浅出地介绍了Android应用开发的相关概念和技术，包括Android环境的搭建、Java语言基础、Android Studio的使用、UI设计、数据存储与网络通信、以及常见功能模块的实现。对于初次接触Android开发的人来说，章节可能包括： 1. **入门介绍**：首先会引导读者了解Android的历史、生态系统及其在移动市场的重要性，以及为何选择学习Android应用开发。 2. **环境配置**：讲解如何安装Android Studio（IDE），设置开发环境，配置必要的SDK和AVD（模拟器）。 3. **Java基础**：介绍面向对象编程（OOP）概念，如类、对象、继承、封装和多态，这些都是Android应用开发的基础。 4. **XML与UI设计**：教授如何使用XML布局文件创建用户界面，包括Activity、Fragment、Layout的基本用法，以及响应式设计和适配不同屏幕尺寸的方法。 5. **数据存储**：涵盖SQLite数据库的使用，以及如何通过ContentProvider进行数据共享。同时，也会涉及SharedPreferences和Android Architecture Components中的Room库。 6. **网络通信**：介绍HTTP请求、HTTPS安全连接、JSON解析以及如何使用 volley、retrofit等库进行网络操作。 7. **服务与广播接收器**：讲解后台服务、BroadcastReceiver的工作原理，以及它们在应用生命周期中的角色。 8. **实战项目**：通过一系列实际项目，如待办事项应用、天气应用或简单的游戏，让读者将所学知识付诸实践。 9. **调试与测试**：指导读者如何使用Android Studio的调试工具进行应用调试，并强调单元测试和性能优化的重要性。 10. **持续集成与发布**：简述Git版本控制、Gradle构建系统以及Google Play Store发布流程。《Android应用开发入门指南：绝对初学者篇》不仅提供理论知识，还提供了丰富的实例和练习，帮助读者逐步建立起对Android开发的理解和信心。通过这本书，即使是完全没有编程经验的人也能踏出进入Android开发世界的第一步。

xvii

Acknowledgments

Steve Anglin, my lead editor, for his patience and thoughtful guidance in shaping this second edition

of Android Apps for Absolute Beginners. Steve, thanks for guiding me as a returning Apress author,

and I look forward to many future collaborations with you.

Chád Darby, my esteemed technical reviewer, for his hard work and insightful suggestions in shaping

this second edition of this best-selling book.

Douglas Pundick, my Development Editor, for all his hard work helping me to write the best

introductory Android book. I wouldn’t have been able do it at all if it were not for you!

Kevin Shea, my Coordinating Editor, for listening to all of my miscellaneous and sundry problems

during the writing of this book, and for helping to get them all sorted out.

Judy Ann Levine, my Copy Editor, for her excellent editing and book-polishing skills, and for all the

great suggestions for making this a fantastic Android book.

Plus to the many loved ones and clients who patiently awaited my return to i3D content production

from the “professional sidetracker” commonly known as writing an Android 4.1 programming book –

I thank you for your patience. . .

—Wallace Jackson

xix

Introduction

Over the last three years, Google’s Android operating system (OS) has gone from a virtually unknown

open source solution to the current mobile OS market leader among all mobile handsets, with over

one-half of the market share and still climbing. Android has even started to dominate the tablet OS

marketplace, and is also the foundation for the popular iTV OS known as GoogleTV as well as for

e-book e-readers from Sony, Amazon (Kindle), and Barnes and Noble (Nook). There seems to be no

end in sight for Android’s rocketing success, which is great news for the owners of this book.

I’ve heard a great many people say, “I have a really phenomenal idea for a smartphone and

tablet application! Can you program it for me!?” Rather than sit back and code all of these cool

applications for everyone, I thought it might be a smarter idea to write a book about how an absolute

beginner could code an Android application using open source tools that cost nothing to download

and that are free for commercial use, and then leverage that new found knowledge to reach their

dream of making their application idea a revenue-generating reality.

Thanks to open source tools and formats and Google’s Android development environment,

Oracle’s Java programming language, Linus Torvalds’ Linux operating system, the Eclipse code

editing software, and to this book of course, vaporizing a software product out of thin air and at no

production cost other than your PC and “sweat equity,” is now a complete reality.

The Target: The Programming Neophyte

As you may have inferred from the title, this book assumes that you have never programmed before

in any programming language. It is written for someone who has never written a single line of code,

and who is thus unfamiliar with object-oriented programming (OOP) languages such as Oracle’s Java

and markup languages such as XML. Both of these open source languages are used extensively in

creating Android applications and will be taught thoroughly in this book.

There are a lot of Java and Android books out there, but all of those books assume that you have

programmed before and know all the OOP and programming lingo. I wanted to write a book that

takes readers from knowing absolutely nothing about programming; not even knowing about how to

install a software development kit (SDK) or an integrated development environment (IDE), all of the

way from Ground Zero to being able to program useful Android applications using Java and XML

and new media assets such as images, audio, and animation.

xx Introduction

The Weapon: Android—An Innovative Internet 2.0

Coding Environment

Android is my Internet 2.0 development weapon of choice because it allows me to develop highly

advanced applications for the primary Internet 2.0 devices, including the primary four consumer

electronics product “verticals” where revenue potential is by far the greatest:

SmartphonesÞn

TabletsÞn

e-book e-readersÞn

iTVs or interactive television setsÞn

The other reason I place my bets on Android is because it is open source and uses open source

technologies and is therefore free from royalties and politics. It includes advanced new media

“engines” (tools) such as OpenGL, ON2 VP8 (WebM and WebP), Java, XML, CSS, HTML5, PNG,

and JPEG. I do not have to submit my Android application to any company and ask for permission

to publish it, as long as it is not harmful in any way to others. For this reason, and due to the free for

commercial use nature of open sour

ce software, there is little external risk involved in developing an

application for the Android Platform.

How This Book Is Organized

Because this is a book for absolute beginners, we start at the very beginning—showing where to

download, and how to install, the various Android, Java, and Eclipse environments. We also show

how to conﬁgure these environments, and how to set them up for application development and

testing. We even show how and where to download the other leading-edge new media tools (GIMP,

for instance) that you will use in conjunction with the primary Android development tools.

We essentially show you exactly how to put together a complete and professional-level Android New

Media Content Production Workstation, and at zero cost to yourself to boot. This in itself is no easy

task, and must be done correctly, as these professional tools provide the foundation for all of our

Android development, debugging, and testing for the remainder of the book.

Next we provide you with an overview of where Android came from, why, how, and when Google

acquired it, and how it is uniquely structured among software development platforms. We introduce

XML, Java, OOP, and Android concepts soon after that, as well as covering how Android manages

its screen layout. We then move these concepts into use in later chapters in the second half of the

book; these chapters explain the most important concepts in Android, in their most logical order, as

they pertain to your applications development.

In that second half of the book, we start getting into developing a user interface (UI), as that is the

front-end or interface for your end-users to your Android application. Soon after that we cover

how your UI talks to your application via events processing. To spice up your application’s visual

appearance, we’ll get into graphics, animation, and audio, and then into even more advanced topics

after that, such as databases and communications.

xxiIntroduction

Finally, we will look at some of the advanced features of Android that you will want to visit

after ﬁnishing the book; these are topics that are too advanced for a ﬁrst book on Android, but

which provide some of the coolest features to be found in smartphone, iTV, and tablet software

development today.

We’ll walk you through all of these topics and concepts with screenshots of the IDE and visual

examples, and then take you through step-by-step examples reinforcing these concepts.

Sometimes we may even repeat previous topics to reinforce what you have learned and apply

these programming skills in new and different ways. This enables new programmers to reapply key

development skills and feel a sense of accomplishment as they progress.

The Formula for Success

Learning to develop an Android application is an interactive process between you and the tools

and technologies (Eclipse, XML, Java, Android, GIMP, and so on) that I cover in this book. Just

like learning to play a sport, you have to develop these skills and practice them daily. You need to

work through the examples and exercises in this book, more than once if necessary, to become

comfortable with each concept and proﬁcient in their execution.

Just because you understand a concept, that doesn’t necessarily mean you will know how to

apply it creatively and use it effectively. That takes practice and it ultimately will happen when the

“ah-ha” moment occurs, when you understand a concept in context with the other concepts that

interconnect with it.

You will learn quite a bit about how Android works from this introductory book. You will glean a lot

of insight into the inner working of Android by working through all of the exercises in this book. But

you will also learn new things not speciﬁcally mentioned in this book when you compile, run, and

debug your programs. Spending time experimenting with your code and trying to ﬁnd out why it is

not working the way you want, or trying to add new features, is a learning process that is also very

valuable.

The downside of debugging is it can sometimes be quite frustrating to the new developer. If you

have never wanted to put a bullet in your computer display, you will soon. You will question why you

are doing this, and whether you are savvy enough to solve the problem. Programming can be very

humbling, even for the most experienced of applications developers.

As with an athlete, the more you practice, the better you will become at your skill. You can do some

truly amazing things as an Android programmer. The world is your oyster. It is one of the most

satisfying accomplishments you can have, seeing your app in the Google Play (Android App) Store.

However, there is a price, and that price is time spent practicing your coding.

Here is our formula for success:

Trust that you can pull it off. You may be the only one who says you can’t do Þn

this. Don’t tell yourself that.

Work through all the examples and exercises in this book, twice if necessary, Þn

until you understand them.

Code, code some more, and keep coding—don't stop. The more you code, the Þn

better you’ll get.

xxii Introduction

Do further research via Google Search as well as the Developer.Android.com Þn

website into areas of the Android OS that interest you, and that you want to

master.

Be patient with yourself. If you were fortunate enough to have been a star Þn

pupil who could memorize material simply by reading it, this will probably not

happen with Java and XML coding. You are going to have to spend a lot of time

coding to come to understand what exactly is happening inside the Android OS

Environment.

Whatever you do: DON’T GIVE UP!Þn

Required Software, Materials, and Equipment

One of the great things about Java, Android, and Eclipse is they are available on all three primary

operating systems that are in use today:

WindowsÞn

MacintoshÞn

LinuxÞn

The other great thing about Java, Android, and Eclipse is that they are completely free. For

equipment, any modern dual-core or quad-core computer will do. Fortunately computer

workstations are only $200 to $400 brand new on www.PriceWatch.com or you can walk into

WalMart and buy an HP or Acer tower with a fast quad-core processor for $300 to $500 including

Windows 7 or 8. There are also open source OSes such as SUSE Linux, which is fr

ee and an

amazing development operating system. SUSE Linux V12 can be downloaded at www.OpenSUSE.com

and is currently at version 12.2 and is very stable.

Operating System and IDE

Although you can use Android on many platforms, the Eclipse integrated development environment

(IDE) that developers use to develop Android apps is most commonly used on an Intel-based

Windows or Linux PC. The Eclipse Juno 4.2 for Java EE IDE is free, and is available on the Internet

at www.eclipse.org. The operating system should be Windows XP SP3 or later, or SUSE Linux 12.2

or later, to run Eclipse most effectively. Note that as of Android 4.2 API Level 17, developers can now

develop using a 64-bit “clean” Android IDE environment, so the Windows 7 64-bit or Windows 8

64-bit OSs may be the best way to go if you want to develop using a 64-bit platform.

Software Development Kits

You will need to download the Eclipse Juno 4.2 for Java EE IDE from Eclipse.org and the Android 4.1

or later SDK from Google. This is available at http://developer.android.com/SDK/. This is another area

that changed signiﬁcantly with the release of Android 4.2, as there is now an ADT Bundle that can be

downloaded for either 32-bit or 64-bit OSs which makes installation much easier than it used to be. We

cover this in Chapter 3, and do the install in both ways, so that you can see the long-form installation

(and see how everything goes together in the process) as well as the streamlined installation that

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