动手教程：创建你的第一个iPhone应用

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"本教程是关于如何编写你的第一个iPhone应用程序的详细指南，旨在帮助初学者入门iOS开发。" 在苹果的这篇教程“YourFirstiPhoneApplication”中，它以一种逐步教学的方式介绍了创建iPhone应用的基本步骤。这篇教程适用于2009年初的iOS环境，那时的iOS设备主要是iPhone，因此它反映了早期iOS开发的一些特点。首先，教程概述了iOS开发的一般概念，包括使用Xcode IDE（集成开发环境）和Objective-C编程语言。Xcode是苹果官方提供的免费开发工具，它集成了代码编辑器、调试器和模拟器，是构建iOS应用的基础。Objective-C是当时苹果推荐的主要编程语言，它是C语言的超集，添加了面向对象编程的概念，如消息传递和类别。接着，教程可能详细讲解了如何创建一个新的Xcode项目，选择"Single View Application"模板，这是大多数iOS应用的基础。在这个过程中，开发者会接触到如Info.plist文件，用于设置应用的信息，以及MainStoryboard或ViewController类，它们定义了应用的用户界面和逻辑。在实际编码部分，教程可能会引导你实现一个简单的功能，比如显示欢迎消息或按钮交互。这涉及到理解Objective-C的语法，如方法定义、实例变量和事件处理。对于初学者来说，理解如何响应用户的触摸事件是关键一步，这通常通过实现UIControl的ACTION方法来完成。此外，教程还可能涉及Interface Builder的使用，这是一个可视化的布局工具，允许开发者拖放UI元素并与其关联代码。通过IBOutlets和IBActions，开发者可以将界面上的控件连接到代码中的属性和方法。至于版权信息，Apple强调了其对文档内容的所有权，并规定了复制和分发的条件。使用苹果的商标，如苹果logo，必须获得许可，否则可能构成商标侵权。同时，这个文档并不授予任何技术的使用许可，表明所有相关的知识产权都归苹果所有。这个教程是为那些希望踏入iOS开发领域的初学者设计的，它涵盖了从设置开发环境到编写简单应用的基本流程，是学习iOS开发的一个良好起点。随着技术的发展，现在的iOS开发已转向Swift语言，并使用更新的Xcode版本，但基本的开发理念和步骤仍然适用。

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This chapter provides an overview of the application you’re going to create and the design patterns you’ll

use.

Tutorial Overview

In this tutorial, you’re going to create a very simple application. It has a text field, a label, and a button. You

can type your name into the text field then press the button and the label’s text will be updated to show

“Hello, <Name>!”:

Even though this is a very simple application, it introduces the fundamental design patterns, tools, and

techniques that underlie all iPhone development using Cocoa Touch. Cocoa Touch comprises the UIKit and

Foundation frameworks which provide the basic tools and infrastructure you need to implement graphical,

event-driven applications in iPhone OS. It also includes several other frameworks that provide key services

for accessing device features, such as the user’s contacts. To learn more about Cocoa Touch and where it fits

into the iPhone OS, read iPhone OS Technology Overview. The main patterns you’re going to use are described

in “Design Patterns” (page 10).

Tutorial Overview 9

CHAPTER 1

Tutorial Overview and Design Patterns

In this tutorial, little regard is given to the user interface. Presentation is, however, a critical component of a

successful iPhone application. You should read the iPhone Human Interface Guidelines and explore the sample

code based on this tutorial (HelloWorldClassic) to understand how the user interface might be improved for

a full-fledged application.

You’ll also start to gain an understanding of how view controllers work and how they fit into the architecture

of an iPhone application.

Design Patterns

If you haven’t already, you should make sure you read the design patterns chapter in Cocoa Fundamentals

Guide, however the main patterns you’re going to use are:

■ Delegation

■ Model View Controller

■ Target-Action

Here’s a quick summary of these patterns and an indication of where they’ll be used in the application.

Delegation

Delegation is a pattern where one object periodically sends messages to another object specified as its

delegate to ask for input or to notify the delegate that an event is occurring. You use it as an alternative to

class inheritance for extending the functionality of reusable objects.

In this application, the application object tells its delegate that the main start-up routines have finished and

that the custom configuration can begin. For this application, you want the delegate to create an instance

of a controller to set up and manage the view. In addition, the text field will tell its delegate (which in this

case will be the same controller) when the user has tapped the Return key.

Delegate methods are typically grouped together into a protocol. A protocol is basically just a list of methods.

If a class conforms to a protocol, it guarantees that it implements the required (some may be optional)

methods of a protocol. The delegate protocol specifies all the messages an object might send to its delegate.

To learn more about protocols and the role they play in Objective-C, see the Protocols chapter in The Objective-C

2.0 Programming Language.

Model-View-Controller

The Model-View-Controller (or “MVC”) design pattern sets out three roles for objects in an application.

Model objects represent data such as SpaceShips and Rockets in a game, ToDo items and Contacts in a

productivity application, or Circles and Squares in a drawing application.

In this application, the data is going to be very simple—just a string—and it’s not actually used outside of a

single method, so strictly speaking it’s not even necessary. It’s the principle that’s important here, though.

In other applications the model will be more complicated and accessed from a variety of locations.

Design Patterns

CHAPTER 1

Tutorial Overview and Design Patterns

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