2018年IEC 62368-1音频/视频设备国际安全标准简介

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IEC62368-1是国际电工委员会（International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC）制定的一系列音频/视频、信息技术和通信设备安全标准。2018年发布的第3.02版，即IEC62368-1:2018-10，针对的是这些设备的安全要求，旨在确保消费者使用的电子产品在设计、制造和使用过程中符合国际公认的安全标准。该标准主要关注音频/视频设备、信息技术设备以及通信设备的安全特性，包括但不限于电气安全、机械安全、辐射防护、电磁兼容性（EMC）、防火和可燃材料、以及设备的耐用性和可访问性。它涵盖了产品的整个生命周期，从设计到废弃处理，对设备的性能、用户接口、操作指南、警告信息等方面提出了详尽的要求。 IEC62368-1不仅适用于制造商和供应商，也是监管机构、认证机构、设计师和消费者的重要参考依据。版权方面，所有内容受版权保护，未经IEC或其成员国委员会的书面许可，不得任何形式复制或利用，包括影印和微缩胶片。对于关于版权的疑问或获取额外权利的需求，用户可以联系IEC指定的地址或当地的IEC成员国委员会以获取详细信息。通过遵循IEC62368-1标准，制造商能够确保他们的产品在全球范围内具有高质量的安全性能，同时消费者也能得到更安全、可靠和易于使用的产品。对于个人学习者而言，理解和掌握这个标准对于从事相关行业工作，如电器设计、质量控制、法规遵从等，都是非常有价值的参考资料。无论是工程师、检验员还是消费者权益保护人员，都需要定期更新对这一标准的理解，以适应不断发展的技术趋势和安全需求。

– 14 – IEC 62368-1:2018 © IEC 2018

Y.3.1

General ..................................................................................................... 358

Y.3.2 Test apparatus ........................................................................................... 359

Y.3.3 Water – saturated sulphur dioxide atmosphere ........................................... 3 59

Y.3.4 Test procedure ........................................................................................... 359

Y.3.5 Compliance criteria .................................................................................... 360

Y.4 Gaskets ............................................................................................................ 360

Y.4.1 General ..................................................................................................... 360

Y.4.2 Gasket tests............................................................................................... 360

Y.4.3 Tensile strength and elongation tests ......................................................... 360

Y.4.4 Compression test ....................................................................................... 361

Y.4.5 Oil resistance ............................................................................................. 362

Y.4.6 Securing means ......................................................................................... 362

Y.5 Protection of equipment within an outdoor enclosure .......................................... 363

Y.5.1 General ..................................................................................................... 363

Y.5.2 Protection from moisture ............................................................................ 363

Y.5.3 Water spray test ......................................................................................... 364

Y.5.4 Protection from plants and vermin .............................................................. 366

Y.5.5 Protection from excessive dust ................................................................... 367

Y.6 Mechanical strength of enclosures ..................................................................... 367

Y.6.1 General ..................................................................................................... 367

Y.6.2 Impact test ................................................................................................. 368

Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 369

Figure 1 – Three block model for pain and injury ................................................................. 24

Figure 2 – Three block model for safety ............................................................................... 25

Figure 3 – Schematic and model for electrically-caused pain or injury .................................. 30

Figure 4 – Model for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury ............................. 30

Figure 5 – Model for electrically-caused fire ........................................................................ 31

Figure 6 – Models for protection against fire ........................................................................ 32

Figure 7 – Schematic and model for thermally-caused injury ................................................ 34

Figure 8 – Model for protection against thermally-caused injury ........................................... 34

Figure 9 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 1 energy source ........ 69

Figure 10 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy

source ................................................................................................................................ 69

Figure 11 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy

source during ordinary person servicing conditions .............................................................. 69

Figure 12 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 3 energy

source ................................................................................................................................ 70

Figure 13 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 1 energy

source ................................................................................................................................ 70

Figure 14 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 2 energy

source ................................................................................................................................ 70

Figure 15 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 3 energy

source ................................................................................................................................ 71

Figure 16 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 1 energy source ............ 71

Figure 17 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 2 energy source ............ 71

Figure 18 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 3 energy source ............ 71

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IEC 62368-1:2018 © IEC 2018 – 15 –

Figure 19 – Model for protection of a skilled person against class 3 energy sources

during equipment servicing conditions ................................................................................. 72

Figure 20 – Test hook ......................................................................................................... 79

Figure 21 – Illustration showing ES limits for voltage and current ......................................... 81

Figure 22 – Maximum values for combined AC current and DC current ................................. 83

Figure 23 – Maximum values for combined AC voltage and DC voltage ................................ 83

Figure 24 – Contact requirements to bare internal conductive parts ..................................... 87

Figure 25 – Mandrel .......................................................................................................... 112

Figure 26 – Initial position of mandrel ................................................................................ 113

Figure 27 – Final position of mandrel ................................................................................. 113

Figure 28 – Position of metal foil on insulating material ...................................................... 113

Figure 29 – Example of electric strength test instrument for solid insulation ....................... 121

Figure 30 – Application points of test voltage ..................................................................... 122

Figure 31 – Test for separation between an external circuit and earth ................................ 125

Figure 32 – Test circuit for touch current of single-phase equipment .................................. 141

Figure 33 – Test circuit for touch current of three-phase equipment ................................... 141

Figure 34 – Power measurement for worst-case fault ......................................................... 145

Figure 35 – Power measurement for worst-case power source fault ................................... 146

Figure 36 – Illustration of power source classification ........................................................ 147

Figure 37 – Minimum separation requirements from a PIS ................................................. 153

Figure 38 – Extended separation requirements from a PIS ................................................. 153

Figure 39 – Deflected separation requirements from a PIS when a fire barrier is used ........ 154

Figure 40 – Determination of top, bottom and side openings .............................................. 156

Figure 41 – Top openings ................................................................................................. 157

Figure 42 – Bottom openings ............................................................................................ 158

Figure 43 – Baffle plate construction ................................................................................. 158

Figure 44 – PIS trajectory downwards ............................................................................... 159

Figure 45 – Limits for moving fan blades made of non-plastic materials .............................. 165

Figure 46 – Limits for moving fan blades made of plastic materials .................................... 165

Figure 47 – Steel disc ....................................................................................................... 189

Figure 48 – Aluminium ring ............................................................................................... 190

Figure 49 – Aluminium foil ................................................................................................. 191

Figure 50 – Example of a warning label for a lamp with multiple hazard spectral

regions ............................................................................................................................. 198

Figure D.1 – 1,2/50 µs and 10/700 µs voltage impulse generator ....................................... 216

Figure D.2 – Antenna interface test generator circuit ......................................................... 217

Figure D.3 – Example of an electronic pulse generator ...................................................... 217

Figure E.1 – Band-pass filter for wide-band noise measurement ........................................ 219

Figure F.1 – Example of an instructional safeguard ............................................................ 228

Figure G.1 – Determination of arithmetic average temperature ........................................... 241

Figure G.2 – Test voltages ................................................................................................ 246

Figure G.3 – Thermal ageing time ..................................................................................... 267

Figure G.4 – Abrasion resistance test for coating layers .................................................... 268

Figure H.1 – Definition of ringing period and cadence cycle ............................................... 273

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– 16 – IEC 62368-1:2018 © IEC 2018

Figure H.2 – I

TS1

limit curve for cadenced ringing signal ................................................... 274

Figure H.3 – Peak and peak-to-peak currents .................................................................... 274

Figure H.4 – Ringing voltage trip criteria ............................................................................ 276

Figure M.1 – Distance d as a function of the rated capacity for various charge currents

I (mA/Ah) .......................................................................................................................... 301

Figure O.1 – Narrow groove .............................................................................................. 304

Figure O.2 – Wide groove ................................................................................................. 305

Figure O.3 – V-shaped groove .......................................................................................... 305

Figure O.4 – Intervening unconnected conductive part ....................................................... 305

Figure O.5 – Rib ............................................................................................................... 305

Figure O.6 – Uncemented joint with narrow groove ............................................................ 306

Figure O.7 – Uncemented joint with wide groove ............................................................... 306

Figure O.8 – Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves ............................................ 306

Figure O.9 – Narrow recess .............................................................................................. 307

Figure O.10 – Wide recess ................................................................................................ 307

Figure O.11 – Coating around terminals ............................................................................ 308

Figure O.12 – Coating over printed wiring .......................................................................... 308

Figure O.13 – Example of measurements in an enclosure of insulating material ................. 309

Figure O.14 – Cemented joints in multi-layer printed boards .............................................. 309

Figure O.15 – Device filled with insulating compound ........................................................ 310

Figure O.16 – Partitioned bobbin ....................................................................................... 310

Figure P.1 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of top openings which prevent

vertical entry ..................................................................................................................... 312

Figure P.2 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of side opening louvres which

prevent vertical entry ........................................................................................................ 312

Figure P.3 – Internal volume locus for foreign object entry ................................................. 313

Figure S.1 – Top openings / surface of fire enclosure or fire barrier ................................... 323

Figure T.1 – Impact test using sphere................................................................................ 328

Figure V.1 – Jointed test probe for equipment likely to be accessible to children ................ 334

Figure V.2 – Jointed test probe for equipment not likely to be accessible to children ........... 335

Figure V.3 – Blunt probe ................................................................................................... 336

Figure V.4 – Wedge probe ................................................................................................ 337

Figure V.5 – Terminal probe .............................................................................................. 338

Figure Y.1 – Gasket test ................................................................................................... 362

Figure Y.2 – Water-spray test spray-head piping ............................................................... 365

Figure Y.3 – Water-spray test spray head .......................................................................... 366

Table 1 – Response to energy class .................................................................................... 24

Table 2 – Examples of body response or property damage related to energy sources ........... 25

Table 3 – Examples of safeguard characteristics ................................................................. 29

Table 4 – Electrical energy source limits for steady state ES1 and ES2 ................................ 82

Table 5 – Electrical energy source limits for a charged capacitor ......................................... 84

Table 6 – Voltage limits for single pulses ............................................................................. 85

Table 7 – Current limits for single pulses ............................................................................. 85

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IEC 62368-1:2018 © IEC 2018 – 17 –

Table 8 – Minimum air gap distance .................................................................................... 88

Table 9 – Temperature limits for materials, components and systems .................................. 90

Table 10 – Minimum clearances for voltages with frequencies up to 30 kHz ......................... 96

Table 11 – Minimum clearances for voltages with frequencies above 30 kHz ........................ 97

Table 12 – Mains transient voltages .................................................................................... 98

Table 13 – External circuit transient voltages ..................................................................... 100

Table 14 – Minimum clearances using required withstand voltage ...................................... 102

Table 15 – Electric strength test voltages .......................................................................... 103

Table 16 – Multiplication factors for clearances and test voltages ...................................... 104

Table 17 – Minimum creepage distances for basic insulation and supplementary

insulation in mm ............................................................................................................... 107

Table 18 – Minimum values of creepage distances (in mm) for frequencies higher than

30 kHz and up to 400 kHz ................................................................................................. 108

Table 19 – Tests for insulation in non-separable layers ...................................................... 111

Table 20 – Electric field strength E

for some commonly used materials ............................ 115

Table 21 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength E

higher frequencies ............................................................................................................ 116

Table 22 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength E

higher frequencies for thin materials .................................................................................. 116

Table 23 – Values for insulation resistance ........................................................................ 117

Table 24 – Distance through insulation of internal wiring .................................................... 118

Table 25 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on transient voltages ................. 120

Table 26 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working

voltages and recurring peak voltages ................................................................................ 120

Table 27 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on temporary overvoltages ......... 120

Table 28 – Test values for electric strength tests ............................................................... 123

Table 29 – Overview of tests for resistor applications ........................................................ 128

Table 30 – Protective earthing conductor sizes for reinforced safeguards for

permanently connected equipment .................................................................................... 131

Table 31 – Minimum protective bonding conductor size of copper conductors ..................... 133

Table 32 – Sizes of terminals for protective conductors ..................................................... 135

Table 33 – Test duration, mains connected equipment ....................................................... 136

Table 34 – List of applicable IEC standards regarding insulating liquids ............................. 160

Table 35 – Classification for various categories of mechanical energy sources ................... 164

Table 36 – Overview of requirements and tests ................................................................. 175

Table 37 – Torque to be applied to screws ........................................................................ 180

Table 38 – Touch temperature limits for accessible parts ................................................... 187

Table 39 – Radiation energy source classifications ............................................................ 192

Table 40 – Allowable radiation level according to IEC 62471 (all parts) for each hazard

type ................................................................................................................................. 195

Table 41 – Hazard-related risk group marking of equipment ............................................... 197

Table 42 – Explanation of marking information and guidance on control measures ............. 197

Table C.1 – Minimum property retention limits after UV exposure ....................................... 214

Table D.1 – Component values for Figure D.1 and Figure D.2 ............................................ 217

Table E.1 – Audio signal electrical energy source classes and safeguards ......................... 218

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Table F.1 – Instructional safeguard element description and examples............................... 228

Table F.2 – Examples of markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards .................... 229

Table G.1 – Peak surge current ......................................................................................... 231

Table G.2 – Test temperature and testing time (days) per cycle ......................................... 237

Table G.3 – Temperature limits for transformer windings and for motor windings

(except for the motor running overload test) ...................................................................... 240

Table G.4 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working

voltages ............................................................................................................................ 242

Table G.5 – Values of FIW wires with maximum overall diameter and minimum test

voltages according to the enamel increase ........................................................................ 245

Table G.6 – Temperature limits for running overload tests ................................................. 247

Table G.7 – Sizes of conductors ........................................................................................ 253

Table G.8 – Strain relief test force ..................................................................................... 254

Table G.9 – Range of conductor sizes to be accepted by terminals .................................... 256

Table G.10 – Varistor overload and temporary overvoltage test.......................................... 259

Table G.11 – Performance test program for integrated circuit (IC) current limiters .............. 261

Table G.12 – Capacitor ratings according to IEC 60384-14 ................................................ 263

Table G.13 – Minimum separation distances for coated printed boards .............................. 265

Table G.14 – Insulation in printed boards .......................................................................... 266

Table I.1 – Overvoltage categories .................................................................................... 277

Table J.1 – Mandrel diameter ............................................................................................ 279

Table J.2 – Oven temperature ........................................................................................... 280

Table M.1 – Values for current I

float

and I

boost

, factors f

and f

, and voltages U

float

and U

boost

....................................................................................................................... 296

Table O.1 – Value of X ...................................................................................................... 304

Table Q.1 – Limits for inherently limited power sources ..................................................... 317

Table Q.2 – Limits for power sources not inherently limited (overcurrent protective

device required) ................................................................................................................ 318

Table S.1 – Foamed materials ........................................................................................... 324

Table S.2 – Rigid materials ............................................................................................... 324

Table S.3 – Very thin materials ......................................................................................... 324

Table T.1 – Impact force ................................................................................................... 329

Table T.2 – Torque values for end-piece test ..................................................................... 330

Table W.1 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60664-1:2007 and

IEC 62368-1 ..................................................................................................................... 340

Table W.2 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 61140:2016 and IEC 62368-1 ...... 342

Table W.3 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60950-1:2005 and

IEC 62368-1 ..................................................................................................................... 345

Table W.4 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60728-11:2016 and

IEC 62368-1 ..................................................................................................................... 349

Table W.5 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 62151:2000 and IEC 62368-1 ...... 351

Table W.6 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60065:2014 and IEC 62368-1 ...... 353

Table X.1 – Alternative minimum clearances for insulation in circuits connected to ac

mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS) .................................................................. 356

Table X.2 – Additional clearances for insulation in circuits connected to ac mains not

exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS) .................................................................................. 357

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