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首页2018年IEC 62368-1音频/视频设备国际安全标准简介
IEC62368-1是国际电工委员会(International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC)制定的一系列音频/视频、信息技术和通信设备安全标准。2018年发布的第3.02版,即IEC62368-1:2018-10,针对的是这些设备的安全要求,旨在确保消费者使用的电子产品在设计、制造和使用过程中符合国际公认的安全标准。 该标准主要关注音频/视频设备、信息技术设备以及通信设备的安全特性,包括但不限于电气安全、机械安全、辐射防护、电磁兼容性(EMC)、防火和可燃材料、以及设备的耐用性和可访问性。它涵盖了产品的整个生命周期,从设计到废弃处理,对设备的性能、用户接口、操作指南、警告信息等方面提出了详尽的要求。 IEC62368-1不仅适用于制造商和供应商,也是监管机构、认证机构、设计师和消费者的重要参考依据。版权方面,所有内容受版权保护,未经IEC或其成员国委员会的书面许可,不得任何形式复制或利用,包括影印和微缩胶片。对于关于版权的疑问或获取额外权利的需求,用户可以联系IEC指定的地址或当地的IEC成员国委员会以获取详细信息。 通过遵循IEC62368-1标准,制造商能够确保他们的产品在全球范围内具有高质量的安全性能,同时消费者也能得到更安全、可靠和易于使用的产品。对于个人学习者而言,理解和掌握这个标准对于从事相关行业工作,如电器设计、质量控制、法规遵从等,都是非常有价值的参考资料。无论是工程师、检验员还是消费者权益保护人员,都需要定期更新对这一标准的理解,以适应不断发展的技术趋势和安全需求。
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– 14 – IEC 62368-1:2018 © IEC 2018
Y.3.1
General ..................................................................................................... 358
Y.3.2 Test apparatus ........................................................................................... 359
Y.3.3 Water – saturated sulphur dioxide atmosphere ........................................... 3 59
Y.3.4 Test procedure ........................................................................................... 359
Y.3.5 Compliance criteria .................................................................................... 360
Y.4 Gaskets ............................................................................................................ 360
Y.4.1 General ..................................................................................................... 360
Y.4.2 Gasket tests............................................................................................... 360
Y.4.3 Tensile strength and elongation tests ......................................................... 360
Y.4.4 Compression test ....................................................................................... 361
Y.4.5 Oil resistance ............................................................................................. 362
Y.4.6 Securing means ......................................................................................... 362
Y.5 Protection of equipment within an outdoor enclosure .......................................... 363
Y.5.1 General ..................................................................................................... 363
Y.5.2 Protection from moisture ............................................................................ 363
Y.5.3 Water spray test ......................................................................................... 364
Y.5.4 Protection from plants and vermin .............................................................. 366
Y.5.5 Protection from excessive dust ................................................................... 367
Y.6 Mechanical strength of enclosures ..................................................................... 367
Y.6.1 General ..................................................................................................... 367
Y.6.2 Impact test ................................................................................................. 368
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 369
Figure 1 – Three block model for pain and injury ................................................................. 24
Figure 2 – Three block model for safety ............................................................................... 25
Figure 3 – Schematic and model for electrically-caused pain or injury .................................. 30
Figure 4 – Model for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury ............................. 30
Figure 5 – Model for electrically-caused fire ........................................................................ 31
Figure 6 – Models for protection against fire ........................................................................ 32
Figure 7 – Schematic and model for thermally-caused injury ................................................ 34
Figure 8 – Model for protection against thermally-caused injury ........................................... 34
Figure 9 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 1 energy source ........ 69
Figure 10 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy
source ................................................................................................................................ 69
Figure 11 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy
source during ordinary person servicing conditions .............................................................. 69
Figure 12 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 3 energy
source ................................................................................................................................ 70
Figure 13 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 1 energy
source ................................................................................................................................ 70
Figure 14 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 2 energy
source ................................................................................................................................ 70
Figure 15 – Model for protection of an instructed person against a class 3 energy
source ................................................................................................................................ 71
Figure 16 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 1 energy source ............ 71
Figure 17 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 2 energy source ............ 71
Figure 18 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 3 energy source ............ 71
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IEC 62368-1:2018 © IEC 2018 – 15 –
Figure 19 – Model for protection of a skilled person against class 3 energy sources
during equipment servicing conditions ................................................................................. 72
Figure 20 – Test hook ......................................................................................................... 79
Figure 21 – Illustration showing ES limits for voltage and current ......................................... 81
Figure 22 – Maximum values for combined AC current and DC current ................................. 83
Figure 23 – Maximum values for combined AC voltage and DC voltage ................................ 83
Figure 24 – Contact requirements to bare internal conductive parts ..................................... 87
Figure 25 – Mandrel .......................................................................................................... 112
Figure 26 – Initial position of mandrel ................................................................................ 113
Figure 27 – Final position of mandrel ................................................................................. 113
Figure 28 – Position of metal foil on insulating material ...................................................... 113
Figure 29 – Example of electric strength test instrument for solid insulation ....................... 121
Figure 30 – Application points of test voltage ..................................................................... 122
Figure 31 – Test for separation between an external circuit and earth ................................ 125
Figure 32 – Test circuit for touch current of single-phase equipment .................................. 141
Figure 33 – Test circuit for touch current of three-phase equipment ................................... 141
Figure 34 – Power measurement for worst-case fault ......................................................... 145
Figure 35 – Power measurement for worst-case power source fault ................................... 146
Figure 36 – Illustration of power source classification ........................................................ 147
Figure 37 – Minimum separation requirements from a PIS ................................................. 153
Figure 38 – Extended separation requirements from a PIS ................................................. 153
Figure 39 – Deflected separation requirements from a PIS when a fire barrier is used ........ 154
Figure 40 – Determination of top, bottom and side openings .............................................. 156
Figure 41 – Top openings ................................................................................................. 157
Figure 42 – Bottom openings ............................................................................................ 158
Figure 43 – Baffle plate construction ................................................................................. 158
Figure 44 – PIS trajectory downwards ............................................................................... 159
Figure 45 – Limits for moving fan blades made of non-plastic materials .............................. 165
Figure 46 – Limits for moving fan blades made of plastic materials .................................... 165
Figure 47 – Steel disc ....................................................................................................... 189
Figure 48 – Aluminium ring ............................................................................................... 190
Figure 49 – Aluminium foil ................................................................................................. 191
Figure 50 – Example of a warning label for a lamp with multiple hazard spectral
regions ............................................................................................................................. 198
Figure D.1 – 1,2/50 µs and 10/700 µs voltage impulse generator ....................................... 216
Figure D.2 – Antenna interface test generator circuit ......................................................... 217
Figure D.3 – Example of an electronic pulse generator ...................................................... 217
Figure E.1 – Band-pass filter for wide-band noise measurement ........................................ 219
Figure F.1 – Example of an instructional safeguard ............................................................ 228
Figure G.1 – Determination of arithmetic average temperature ........................................... 241
Figure G.2 – Test voltages ................................................................................................ 246
Figure G.3 – Thermal ageing time ..................................................................................... 267
Figure G.4 – Abrasion resistance test for coating layers .................................................... 268
Figure H.1 – Definition of ringing period and cadence cycle ............................................... 273
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– 16 – IEC 62368-1:2018 © IEC 2018
Figure H.2 – I
TS1
limit curve for cadenced ringing signal ................................................... 274
Figure H.3 – Peak and peak-to-peak currents .................................................................... 274
Figure H.4 – Ringing voltage trip criteria ............................................................................ 276
Figure M.1 – Distance d as a function of the rated capacity for various charge currents
I (mA/Ah) .......................................................................................................................... 301
Figure O.1 – Narrow groove .............................................................................................. 304
Figure O.2 – Wide groove ................................................................................................. 305
Figure O.3 – V-shaped groove .......................................................................................... 305
Figure O.4 – Intervening unconnected conductive part ....................................................... 305
Figure O.5 – Rib ............................................................................................................... 305
Figure O.6 – Uncemented joint with narrow groove ............................................................ 306
Figure O.7 – Uncemented joint with wide groove ............................................................... 306
Figure O.8 – Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves ............................................ 306
Figure O.9 – Narrow recess .............................................................................................. 307
Figure O.10 – Wide recess ................................................................................................ 307
Figure O.11 – Coating around terminals ............................................................................ 308
Figure O.12 – Coating over printed wiring .......................................................................... 308
Figure O.13 – Example of measurements in an enclosure of insulating material ................. 309
Figure O.14 – Cemented joints in multi-layer printed boards .............................................. 309
Figure O.15 – Device filled with insulating compound ........................................................ 310
Figure O.16 – Partitioned bobbin ....................................................................................... 310
Figure P.1 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of top openings which prevent
vertical entry ..................................................................................................................... 312
Figure P.2 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of side opening louvres which
prevent vertical entry ........................................................................................................ 312
Figure P.3 – Internal volume locus for foreign object entry ................................................. 313
Figure S.1 – Top openings / surface of fire enclosure or fire barrier ................................... 323
Figure T.1 – Impact test using sphere................................................................................ 328
Figure V.1 – Jointed test probe for equipment likely to be accessible to children ................ 334
Figure V.2 – Jointed test probe for equipment not likely to be accessible to children ........... 335
Figure V.3 – Blunt probe ................................................................................................... 336
Figure V.4 – Wedge probe ................................................................................................ 337
Figure V.5 – Terminal probe .............................................................................................. 338
Figure Y.1 – Gasket test ................................................................................................... 362
Figure Y.2 – Water-spray test spray-head piping ............................................................... 365
Figure Y.3 – Water-spray test spray head .......................................................................... 366
Table 1 – Response to energy class .................................................................................... 24
Table 2 – Examples of body response or property damage related to energy sources ........... 25
Table 3 – Examples of safeguard characteristics ................................................................. 29
Table 4 – Electrical energy source limits for steady state ES1 and ES2 ................................ 82
Table 5 – Electrical energy source limits for a charged capacitor ......................................... 84
Table 6 – Voltage limits for single pulses ............................................................................. 85
Table 7 – Current limits for single pulses ............................................................................. 85
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IEC 62368-1:2018 © IEC 2018 – 17 –
Table 8 – Minimum air gap distance .................................................................................... 88
Table 9 – Temperature limits for materials, components and systems .................................. 90
Table 10 – Minimum clearances for voltages with frequencies up to 30 kHz ......................... 96
Table 11 – Minimum clearances for voltages with frequencies above 30 kHz ........................ 97
Table 12 – Mains transient voltages .................................................................................... 98
Table 13 – External circuit transient voltages ..................................................................... 100
Table 14 – Minimum clearances using required withstand voltage ...................................... 102
Table 15 – Electric strength test voltages .......................................................................... 103
Table 16 – Multiplication factors for clearances and test voltages ...................................... 104
Table 17 – Minimum creepage distances for basic insulation and supplementary
insulation in mm ............................................................................................................... 107
Table 18 – Minimum values of creepage distances (in mm) for frequencies higher than
30 kHz and up to 400 kHz ................................................................................................. 108
Table 19 – Tests for insulation in non-separable layers ...................................................... 111
Table 20 – Electric field strength E
P
for some commonly used materials ............................ 115
Table 21 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength E
P
at
higher frequencies ............................................................................................................ 116
Table 22 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength E
P
at
higher frequencies for thin materials .................................................................................. 116
Table 23 – Values for insulation resistance ........................................................................ 117
Table 24 – Distance through insulation of internal wiring .................................................... 118
Table 25 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on transient voltages ................. 120
Table 26 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working
voltages and recurring peak voltages ................................................................................ 120
Table 27 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on temporary overvoltages ......... 120
Table 28 – Test values for electric strength tests ............................................................... 123
Table 29 – Overview of tests for resistor applications ........................................................ 128
Table 30 – Protective earthing conductor sizes for reinforced safeguards for
permanently connected equipment .................................................................................... 131
Table 31 – Minimum protective bonding conductor size of copper conductors ..................... 133
Table 32 – Sizes of terminals for protective conductors ..................................................... 135
Table 33 – Test duration, mains connected equipment ....................................................... 136
Table 34 – List of applicable IEC standards regarding insulating liquids ............................. 160
Table 35 – Classification for various categories of mechanical energy sources ................... 164
Table 36 – Overview of requirements and tests ................................................................. 175
Table 37 – Torque to be applied to screws ........................................................................ 180
Table 38 – Touch temperature limits for accessible parts ................................................... 187
Table 39 – Radiation energy source classifications ............................................................ 192
Table 40 – Allowable radiation level according to IEC 62471 (all parts) for each hazard
type ................................................................................................................................. 195
Table 41 – Hazard-related risk group marking of equipment ............................................... 197
Table 42 – Explanation of marking information and guidance on control measures ............. 197
Table C.1 – Minimum property retention limits after UV exposure ....................................... 214
Table D.1 – Component values for Figure D.1 and Figure D.2 ............................................ 217
Table E.1 – Audio signal electrical energy source classes and safeguards ......................... 218
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– 18 – IEC 62368-1:2018 © IEC 2018
Table F.1 – Instructional safeguard element description and examples............................... 228
Table F.2 – Examples of markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards .................... 229
Table G.1 – Peak surge current ......................................................................................... 231
Table G.2 – Test temperature and testing time (days) per cycle ......................................... 237
Table G.3 – Temperature limits for transformer windings and for motor windings
(except for the motor running overload test) ...................................................................... 240
Table G.4 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working
voltages ............................................................................................................................ 242
Table G.5 – Values of FIW wires with maximum overall diameter and minimum test
voltages according to the enamel increase ........................................................................ 245
Table G.6 – Temperature limits for running overload tests ................................................. 247
Table G.7 – Sizes of conductors ........................................................................................ 253
Table G.8 – Strain relief test force ..................................................................................... 254
Table G.9 – Range of conductor sizes to be accepted by terminals .................................... 256
Table G.10 – Varistor overload and temporary overvoltage test.......................................... 259
Table G.11 – Performance test program for integrated circuit (IC) current limiters .............. 261
Table G.12 – Capacitor ratings according to IEC 60384-14 ................................................ 263
Table G.13 – Minimum separation distances for coated printed boards .............................. 265
Table G.14 – Insulation in printed boards .......................................................................... 266
Table I.1 – Overvoltage categories .................................................................................... 277
Table J.1 – Mandrel diameter ............................................................................................ 279
Table J.2 – Oven temperature ........................................................................................... 280
Table M.1 – Values for current I
float
and I
boost
, factors f
g
and f
s
, and voltages U
float
and U
boost
....................................................................................................................... 296
Table O.1 – Value of X ...................................................................................................... 304
Table Q.1 – Limits for inherently limited power sources ..................................................... 317
Table Q.2 – Limits for power sources not inherently limited (overcurrent protective
device required) ................................................................................................................ 318
Table S.1 – Foamed materials ........................................................................................... 324
Table S.2 – Rigid materials ............................................................................................... 324
Table S.3 – Very thin materials ......................................................................................... 324
Table T.1 – Impact force ................................................................................................... 329
Table T.2 – Torque values for end-piece test ..................................................................... 330
Table W.1 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60664-1:2007 and
IEC 62368-1 ..................................................................................................................... 340
Table W.2 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 61140:2016 and IEC 62368-1 ...... 342
Table W.3 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60950-1:2005 and
IEC 62368-1 ..................................................................................................................... 345
Table W.4 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60728-11:2016 and
IEC 62368-1 ..................................................................................................................... 349
Table W.5 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 62151:2000 and IEC 62368-1 ...... 351
Table W.6 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60065:2014 and IEC 62368-1 ...... 353
Table X.1 – Alternative minimum clearances for insulation in circuits connected to ac
mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS) .................................................................. 356
Table X.2 – Additional clearances for insulation in circuits connected to ac mains not
exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS) .................................................................................. 357
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