《数字多媒体》新书指南：探索计算机科学新兴领域的综合技术与设计

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《数字多媒体》(Digital Multimedia)是由Nigel和Jenny Chapman合著的一本全新的教材，专为理解和掌握多媒体领域新兴学科提供了一个现代而全面的定义。该书旨在为教师提供一个坚实的技术基础，使他们能够教授学生这个领域的复杂性和多样性。书中涵盖了多媒体设计、文化影响以及用户体验等多方面，强调了图形、文本和基于时间的媒体在数字化环境中的表现、操作与组合，包括超媒体和时间线创作框架中的媒体整合。通过深入探讨脚本编程实现的交互性，以及支持分布式多媒体通信技术，作者揭示了多媒体作品如何借助计算机和网络的力量开拓创新表达形式。此外，书中的硬件、软件和网络技术部分详尽且配有实例，帮助读者理解其实际应用，激发他们实践多媒体创作的热情。《数字多媒体》在介绍常用工具和应用程序的同时，也指出了与之配套的后续出版物《数字媒体工具》(Digital Media Tools)，将于2001年春季发布，更深入地讲解这些工具的使用技巧。该系列书籍反映了计算机科学教育的前瞻性和实用性，旨在培养能在职业生涯中不断应对并推动新技术发展的工程师。通过一系列精心策划的教程，如Ammeraal的《计算机图形学为Java程序员》、Ammeraal的《C++程序员指南第三版》等，读者可以系统地提升技能，适应未来不断变化的技术需求。《数字多媒体》是一本既能满足理论学习又能激发实践兴趣的丰富资源，是计算机科学领域不可或缺的参考书籍。

Introduction

was a

dark

and

stormy night.

storyteller might

use

these portentous words

capture your

attention

and

draw

you

into

tale.

novelist might

use the

same

words

begin

the first

page

of a

book.

radio play based

on the

same story could open with

crash

thunder

and the

howling

the

wind.

film

of the

book could open

on a

scene

darkness,

suddenly illuminated

by a flash of

lightning that reveals trees bent

over

in the

gale.

The

dark

and

stormy night

can be

represented

different

media,

each

which tells

the

story through

different

means, appealing

different

senses.

One of the key

insights

computing

that

all

these media

can be

represented

digitally,

as a

structured collection

bits,

and can

then

manipulated

programs

on a

computer,

stored

disks

and

other storage devices,

and

transmitted

over

networks.

Their shared digital representation means that

different

media

can be

combined into what

loosely called multimedia.

The

combination

different

media

is not

something new.

the

contrary, established

forms

mix

media routinely.

A TV

news

bulletin,

for

example, might include sound

and

moving pictures

—

both

live

and

recorded

—

still

images, such

photographs

politicians, graphic illustrations, such

as a

histogram showing

the

trend

unemployment,

and

text,

in the

form

subtitles, cap-

tions, quotations,

and

credits, which

will

usually

accompanied

Introduction

suitable annunciatory music.

contemporary live theatrical

performance

may

incorporate two-

three-dimensional artwork

and

design (sets, backdrops, costumes), sound,

which

may be a

mixture

speech

and

live

music, perhaps

with

tape recordings

and

synthesized sounds, projected

still

and

moving images,

and

sometimes

text

in the

form

surtitles

(written

text displayed above

the

stage,

which

are

often

used

for

translation, especially

opera).

The

integration

media

natural

—

perceive

the

world through

all

the

senses

have

once;

the

separation

media

artificial,

and may

often

seem

unsatisfactory.

Consider

film, for

example.

From

the

earliest days

cinema,

the

absence

of any

method

recording

and

playing sound

synchronization

with

picture, separate

live

sounds were produced

the

same time

as the film was

shown:

not

just

the

live

piano

accompaniment

that

you may

find

contemporary art-house

cinema

showings

silent classics,

but

dialogue, singing,

and

sound

effects,

produced

actors, singers,

and

noisemakers

in the

theatre,

often

hidden behind

the

screen.

great

was the film-going

public's

desire

hear sound naturally integrated with moving

pictures

that

1927

when

Jolson spoke

his

phrase,

'Wait

minute,

wait

minute.

You

ain't heard nothing yet,'

in The

Jazz

Singer,

audiences

stood

up and

cheered.

It is

hardly

surprising,

then, that once

the

technical

obstacles

representing media digitally

(which

will

consider

Chapter

were

overcome,

the

next step should

be to

combine

separate media.

fact,

the

separation

digital media into

distinct

data types

—

different

'sorts

things'

which

different

operations

can be

applied

— can be

seen

as a

temporary exigency

demanded

by an

immature technology.

Applications

Multimedia

What

is it,

then,

if not the

combination

media, that

distinguishes

digital

multimedia

from

forms

combined media?

It is

the

fact

that

the

bits that represent text, sound, pictures,

and so on

can be

treated

data

computer

programs.

The

full

potential

this

fact

has not yet

been

fully

explored,

but one

facet

of it

immediately

distinguishes digital multimedia

from

its

predecessors.

program

can

control

the

order

which various components

are

presented

and

combined,

and can do so in

response

input

Applications

Multimedia

from

computer user.

other words, digital multimedia

can be

interactive,

in a way

that,

for

example,

a TV

news

bulletin

not,

and

that goes

far

beyond

the

simple control

afforded

by a

VCR.

The

digital multimedia version

of the

story

began

this

book with

could

open with

picture depicting

dark

and

stormy night.

clicking

on an

icon

on the

screen,

the

user could cause

the

scene

play

as a

video clip,

or add

sound

effects,

according

their choice.

Perhaps

clicking

different

areas

of the

scene, details could

revealed,

or a new

scene could

introduced

— a

different

one for

each

part

of the

first

scene, allowing

the

tangled tale

betrayal

and

redemption that began

that

dark

stormy night

unfold

than

one

way, told through

the

eyes

different

characters. Users

whose

hearing

was

poor could choose

have

transcription

of any

dialogue displayed

for

them, while users with impaired vision could

have

description

what

was

happening 'read'

them

their

computer.

Different

interface

options

might

offered

for

users

with

different

tastes

and

needs.

If the

story

had

attracted critical

attention,

might

possible

bring

learned commentaries

particular aspects,

or a

history

of its

telling

different

media.

There

might

be an

opportunity

for the

user

take

active

role,

change

the

story,

add new

elements

recombine

the

existing ones.

Suppose,

though, that this

is not

just

story

—

that some crime

was

committed

on a

real dark

and

stormy night,

and

that somebody

had

subsequently been arrested

and

charged with

offence.

collating

evidence

from

witnesses,

and

facts

about

the

location,

the

events

of the

night could

reconstructed

and

presented, like

our

story,

as a

mixture

animation, graphics,

sound

and

video,

with

textual

annotations.

Members

of the

jury could

then

examine

the

event

from

different

angles,

verify

that

it was

possible

to see

something

at a

certain distance, perhaps

factor

out the

parts

the

reconstruction based

on a

certain witness's evidence,

or try out

various

hypotheses suggested

by the

lawyers

in the

case.

Forensic

multimedia

this sort

already being used

courts

in the

United

States.

Digital

multimedia

may be

used

for

many things besides stories

and

forensic

reconstructions.

The

most prominent

and

economically

significant

uses

multimedia

present

are in the

fields

entertainment

and

education.

At one

extreme,

the

combination

sound, animation, video

and

text with interactivity

commonly

found

both

adventure games, such

Starship

Titanic

and

action

games,

such

Doom

and its

bloody

offspring.

At the

opposite

Introduction

extreme

are the

multimedia reference works, such

as the

Cinemania

cinema

encyclopedia,

or the

digital versions

of the

Encyclopedia

Britannica.

Multimedia

also being used educationally

schools,

and for

extra-curricular

and

pre-school

learning, where multimedia teaching

materials

can be

used

present information

more direct ways

than

traditional books

and

lessons.

For

example,

film

clips

and

original recordings

radio broadcasts

can be

integrated with

textual account

events leading

up to the

Second

World

War

in a

modern history lesson. Virtual science experiments

can be

constructed using multimedia techniques,

allow pupils

work

with

simulations

equipment that

is not

available

them.

both

these cases, interactive features allow pupils

work

their

own

pace,

or to

pursue

specialized

aspects

of a

project according

their

particular interests. Multimedia teaching materials

can be

bought

complete

CD-ROM

titles,

they

can be

made

teachers

their

own

schools. Children themselves

can

also make multimedia,

in the

form

project reports,

or as an end in

itself,

as an

electronic class

book or

newsletter.

The

distinction between education

and

entertainment

is not a

clear

one;

several succesful multimedia

CD-ROMs

use

elements

games

for

educational purpose.

For

example,

The

Logical

Journey

the

Zoombinis

develops children's problem-solving skills through

series

puzzles, organized

in the

form

of a

game. This approach

learning seems

to be

popular

for

very

young children,

with

range

titles

available

for

teaching literacy

and

basic mathematics. These

are

aimed both

schools

and at

parents,

for use in the

home.

(As

side-effect,

the use of

such

materials

also

teaches computer

skills

from

early age.)

contrast

to the

entertainment

and

education sectors, where most

multimedia

professionally produced

and

marketed, much

of the

material used

business

produced

for a

specific

company,

often

in-house.

In a

continuation

of the use of

multimedia

formal

education,

multimedia materials

are

used

for

training.

with

the

virtual science experiments

schools, multimedia

can be

used

produce

interactive simulations

equipment

and

procedures,

cases where

would

expensive

hazardous

to use the

real thing

for

training.

Multimedia

also used

sales presentations

and

promotions

— for

example, computers

sale

showrooms

often

run

multimedia presentations describing their capabilities,

and Web

pages

often

function

sales brochures.

Applications

Multimedia

Some

professions

and

business

areas lend themselves especially

well

multimedia. Graphic designers produce interactive presen-

tations

their

work

as a

supplement

to, or

even

as a

substitute

for,

conventional portfolio.

The

electronic portfolio

can be

inexpensively duplicated

CD-ROM

and

sent

potential clients,

posted

on a Web

site

as a

virtual exhibition.

In the

shrink-

wrapped

software

business,

paper manuals have been gradually

giving

way to

electronic documentation

for

some years.

The

move

from

hard copy

digital formats

has

provided

opportunity

augment

the

text

and

diagrams

conventional manuals with

animations, video clips,

and

sound.

Many

programs

now

come with

multimedia product tour, demonstrating their

best

features,

and

interactive

tutorials, which guide novice

users

through simple tasks.

One

area

which computation plays

active

part

visualization,

which graphics

and

animation

are

used

as a

means

presenting complex data.

Banal

examples

visualizations

include pie-charts

and

bar-charts being generated

from

spreadsheet

data: their graphical

form

summarizes

the

data

in a way

that

makes

recognition

trends

and

comparisons between magnitudes

possible

at a

glance.

complex data

than

the

sort normally kept

spreadsheets demands more complex visualizations

provide

the

same degree

comprehensibility. Three-dimensional

and

time-

varying

presentations, making

use of

false

colour

carry extra

information,

are

often

favoured.

Such

elaborate visualizations

are

frequently

generated

from

simulations

complex dynamic

systems:

for

example,

program

that

simulates atmospheric

dynamics

may

generate

time-lapse movie

of the

gestation

of a

tropical storm;

program simulating

organic chemical reaction

may

generate

three-dimensional model

of the

structure

of the

molecules involved, showing

the

changes they undergo.

these

examples show, visualization

widely used

scientists;

it is

also

used

business,

where

the

systems being tracked

simulated

are

financial,

and the

output

correspondingly more abstract.

The

established entertainment industry, while

still

delivering

essentially linear

and

non-interactive product,

now

makes extensive

use of

digital multimedia technology

in the

production

everything

from

blockbuster

movies

gardening programmes

on TV. The

use of

connections with digitally delivered material, such

links

between

programming

and

supporting

Web

sites,

accompanying

CD-ROMs

for

mainstream movies,

rapidly expanding.

At the

same time,

rapidly increasing number

festivals,

conferences

and

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《数字多媒体》新书指南：探索计算机科学新兴领域的综合技术与设计

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