iOS游戏开发入门指南：用SpriteKit打造动画精灵

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本资源是一份针对iOS游戏开发的全面指南，名为"IOS游戏开发工具箱"，由Leland Long撰写。它旨在引导读者通过Apple的SpriteKit框架，从零开始创建一款简单的2D游戏。本书共分为十个章节，涵盖了游戏开发的基本要素，让初学者也能逐步掌握。第1章"Hello World"将引导读者入门，熟悉环境并建立基本的编程结构，使新手对iOS游戏开发有一个初步认识。第2章"SKActions和SKTextures：您的第一个动画精灵"会深入讲解如何使用SpriteKit的动作和纹理功能，创建动态的游戏元素，如动画角色。第3章"Sprite Movement：响应用户输入"探讨如何使游戏对象根据用户的触控或手势进行移动，提升游戏交互性。在第4章"Edges, Boundaries, and Ledges"中，读者会学习如何处理边界条件，确保游戏角色不会超出屏幕范围，以及利用“边缘”进行有趣的互动设计。第5章和第6章进一步扩展，分别是"更多的动画精灵：‘敌人’和‘奖励’"，以及"创造游戏角色集合"，讲述如何设计复杂的角色行为和增加游戏多样性。第7章"Points and Scoring"涉及积分系统和游戏成就管理，让玩家有目标去追求，提高游戏的吸引力。第8章"Contacts and Collisions"深入解析碰撞检测技术，这对于游戏角色与其他物体的交互至关重要。第9章"添加更多场景和级别"，探讨如何构建多层次的游戏世界，提供丰富的游戏体验。最后，第10章"Where to Go from Here"给出后续学习路径和建议，帮助读者在掌握了基础后继续深入探索iOS游戏开发的其他高级主题。这本书为iOS游戏开发者提供了一个实用且循序渐进的学习平台，无论是初次接触游戏开发还是有一定经验的开发者，都能从中受益匪浅。通过阅读和实践，读者将能够掌握核心技能，制作出自己的iOS游戏作品。

11CHAPTER 1: Hello World

Here is the bulk of the useful code. This is where everything that you saw happened when you ran

the game. The “Hello, World!” label, the debugging information, where the spaceships were spawned

from, and where the spinning actions were initiated—all of this happened when the user “touched”

the iPhone screen, and you clicked in the Simulator screen. That’s a lot going on for two short

methods, don’t you think?

Let’s examine it in more detail. First, take a look at the initWithSize method.

self.backgroundColor = [SKColor colorWithRed:0.15 green:0.15 blue:0.3 alpha:1.0];

Here, you set a background color using RGB (color) and alpha (transparency) values.

SKLabelNode *myLabel = [SKLabelNode labelNodeWithFontNamed:@"Chalkduster"];

myLabel.text = @"Hello, World!";

myLabel.fontSize = 30;

myLabel.position = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(self.frame), CGRectGetMidY(self.frame));

Then you create an SKLabelNode object and set some important values such as its font, size,

and position, as well as the text itself. For the position calculation, you might notice that some

convenience methods (CGPointMake and GetMidX) are being used to determine the center of the

screen using the SKScene frame property.

[self addChild:myLabel];

Finally, you add the SKLabelNode that you created as a child of the SKScene. This is how sprites or

nodes are added to the screen: by using the addChild method of the SKScene object.

You may have noticed that all of this happened inside the scene initialization. In other words,

immediately after the app launch, since this scene will be instantiated when the storyboard is loaded.

This method then becomes the best place to add code to take care of whatever you want to have

happen when the user starts your game. You may want to go have some sort of splash screen, or

you may just get right to the point by presenting the user with several buttons from which to select:

a one- or two-player game perhaps.

Finally, you have the touchesBeganWithEvent method. As you will infer from its name, this method

will be called when the user places a finger on the screen. Not when they lift their finger off the

screen (that would be the touchesEndedWithEvent method), as is the common method employed

when using buttons, for instance. This allows the users to change their mind when making choices

between buttons. But that’s a different topic for a different book. When a user touches the screen in

this game, you don’t want to delay immediate action, so this is a better choice for method picking.

The for loop is used so that multiple simultaneous touches can be recognized and handled

accordingly. This is a bit tricky on the simulator. However, on an actual device, try pressing two

fingers down at the same time, and you’ll see what you would expect: two spaceships appear where

your fingers were placed.

CGPoint location = [touch locationInNode:self];

For each touch event, you first determine the position of the touch.

SKSpriteNode *sprite = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithImageNamed:@"Spaceship"];

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12 CHAPTER 1: Hello World

Then you create a new sprite by creating a new SKSpriteNode object. To do this, you can pass the

filename of an image that you’ve added to the project to a convenience method of SKSpriteNode

and, voila, you have a sprite. It does not appear on-screen yet, however. That comes later. Notice on

the left in the Project Navigator that there is already an image file named Spaceship.png. Click on it

to view it inside Xcode.

sprite.position = location;

You set the sprite’s position to the location that you determined from the user’s touch point. It is

interesting to note that if we skipped or commented out the next two lines of code, we would have

the spaceship appear on-screen and it would not be spinning.

SKAction *action = [SKAction rotateByAngle:M_PI duration:1];

Here you create a new object called SKAction. This type of object will be configured in a variety

of different ways, some of which you’ll discover in subsequent chapters. Once it’s created and

configured, it will be associated or applied to a sprite (SKSpriteNode), thereby applying that action to

that sprite. That’s a pretty wordy way of describing a fairly straightforward process.

In this case, you create a spinning, or rotation, action. In essence, what these parameters are

saying is “rotate 180 degrees in one second.” The rotateByAngle parameter expects the angle to

be provided in radians not degrees, and M_PI is a C-type function provided in the math.h library that

returns the value of pi, which in radians is a half circle. The duration parameter expects the value

passed to it to be in seconds.

[sprite runAction:[SKAction repeatActionForever:action]];

So now that you have a configured action, this line of code attaches the action to the sprite. Not only

that, but it also makes it repeat indefinitely instead of just one complete half-circle rotation

(180 degrees). You could change it to that instead if you wanted to have it just rotate once and stop:

[sprite runAction:action];

Then you would add the configured sprite to the scene, which actually adds it to the screen:

[self addChild:sprite];

Summary

And that is that! Wow! Do you see that there really isn’t much code needed to do all of that? Looking

back several years, do you realize how much more code would have been required to perform the

same thing, let alone how badly it would perform with just one spaceship that size? Not only is the

iPhone amazing as far what it’s capable of handling game-wise, but with the release of Sprite Kit,

your job of creating the next best game becomes so much easier!

This chapter introduced you to a few Sprite Kit objects and some of the many things that you can do

with them. Animation has never been easier! Ready for more? The following chapters will continue to

add more exciting features. Let’s get on with it.

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