IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, VOL. 18, NO. 3, MARCH 2014 515
How to Make Network Nodes Adaptive?
Guozhen Cheng, Hongchang Chen, Shuqiao Chen, Hongchao Hu, and Peng Yi
Abstract—The current Internet lacks in adaptability fueling
the great interest in defining a new network architecture that
can meet the needs of a future Internet. One of the prevailing
trends in this context is re-splitting the network function into
fine granularity build blocks to breaking through the network
ossification and realizing the network functional composition
for enhancing network adaptability. In our work, we propose
a novel adaptive architecture, i.e., ReNet, differing from existing
solutions, which re-abstracts the current protocol stack at special
location, and decompose the network and transport layers into
the atomic capacities which is finer functional building blocks,
and open the network core for adding new building blocks.
Then, a nonlinear integer optimal problem is formulated for
the composition of atomic capacities driven by users’ requests,
with the proposed algorithm to reach appropriate tradeoff be-
tween optimal solution and computation cost. Numerical results
demonstrate our algorithm can combine the atomic capacities in
a feasible scale between cost and optimization. Finally, we give
a proof-of-concept paradigm.
Index Terms—Network architecture, functional decomposition,
network composition.
I. INTRODUCTION
V
ARIOUS shortcomings and limitations of modern In-
ternet architecture have been validated over time. As
the commercial usage of Internet, Internet is required to
provide a broad range of services that go far beyond store-and-
forward and to adapt itself in response to application-specific
requirements. This is often referred to as the ossification of
the Internet [1]. Another issue is the ”cyberspace tussles” [2]
that prevent functional evolutions in the network. There are
severe collisions among different interest groups. Under these
circumstances, the networking community has taken a variety
of approaches in addressing the issues.
Many important clean-slate network architectures have been
proposed to conquer innate ossification and inflexibility of
moder n Internet. Almost all these schemas resort to an ap-
proach na mely network functional composition [7] which
decomposes the layered network stack into the build blocks
that can be composited in the network anywhere for specific
requirements. That is, the future Internet should evolve over
time like complex adaptive system (CAS) [8].
Generally, A CAS includes microcosmic and macroscopic
aspects. In the microcosms, CAS is a collection of prim-
itive components, called ”agents” that have the capability
of flexibility via changing their specification and evolving
over time. In the macroscopic, interactions among agents
Manuscript received November 29, 2013. The associate editor coordinating
the review of this letter and approving it for publication was G. Lazarou.
The authors are with the National Digital Switching System En-
gineering & Technological R&D Center , Zhengzhou, China (e-mail:
guozhencheng@hotmail.com).
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/LCOMM.2014.011714.132622
and between agents and their local environment make CAS
adaptive globally. As a type of CAS, however, the Internet
is confronting with ossification and clumsy in adaptability to
its environment. We be lieve that the gaps existing between
Internet architectur e and CAS result in inflexibility and in-
adaptability of the modern Internet.
Literature [8] summarized that a CAS has seven basics
consisting of four properties and three mechanisms that
are common to all CASes. To achieve adaptability, two of
seven basics in CAS are necessities. One is internal model
suggesting agents could forecast changes around and adjust
themselves, and the other is building blocks being combined
for replying new circumstance. These two mechanisms have
been eliminated or excluded from network core by end-to-end
abstraction and rigidly layered structure in today’s network
nodes, respectively. Recent researches in new architecture of
Internet have supported our viewpoint [3-7].
In this letter, we proposed a novel adaptive network archi-
tecture — Reconstructive Network (namely, ReNet) in which
any node could adjust internal structure and configurations in
response to the requirements from various applications. Our
incentive is that there are few services in today’s n etwork
architecture could be selected by applications, especially in
transport layer where applications only take an alternative
choose TCP or UDP, and in network layer IP only. The design
goal of our ReNet is to break up the fu nctionality pr ovided
by today’s network services residing in transport and network
layer, and to make applications compose dynamically any
available services im plemented in form of building blocks,
namely, atomic capacities.
This letter focuses on the microcosmic structure design
of adaptive network nodes. The Macroscopic interactions
spanning network wide will be presented in other literatures.
II. R
ELATED WORKS
Many important clear-slate adaptive network architectu re
designs, like NetSerV[3], Net-Silo[4], RBA[5] and SDN [9]
and so on, has been studied in the context of the existing
Internet as well as next-generation Intern et. Mo st of them re-
split the network function into fine-granularity build blocks
to breaking through the network ossification and realizing
the network functional composition for en hancing network
adaptability.
In these adaptive architectures, various methods have been
proposed to realizing network functional composition. The
earlier works are configurable protocol stacks [6] and protocol
heaps [5] which have been proposed as a solution to statically
compose novel protocol combinations. More dynamic ap-
proaches have been proposed in SILO architecture [4], which
determines valid compositions using rules and constraints.
1089-7798/14$31.00
c
2014 IEEE
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