ANSYS Fluent UDF教程详解：Release 14.0版研究生实用指南

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本教程是关于ANSYS FLUENT UDF (User-Defined Functions) 的详细指南，适用于在数值模拟领域使用商业软件进行研究的研究生。它由ANSYS, Inc.发布于2011年11月，版本为14.0，位于Southpointe的275 Technology Drive，Canonsburg, PA。ANSYS是一家通过ISO 9001:2008认证的企业，其产品和服务在全球享有盛誉。在本手册中，用户将学习如何编写、创建和应用自定义函数，这些函数是FLUENT软件的核心组成部分，允许用户扩展其模拟能力，实现特定问题的个性化解决方案。UDFs可以用于处理复杂流体动力学问题中的边界条件、物理模型、数据处理等，极大地增强了软件的灵活性和适应性。版权和商标信息显示，ANSYS及其品牌如FLUENT、CFX、HFSS等均为注册商标，表明了它们的独特所有权。此外，手册还提醒读者，未经许可的使用、复制或分发该软件及文档是严格禁止的，这体现了对知识产权的尊重。手册中包含的重要部分可能包括以下几个方面： 1. 入门指南：解释什么是UFD，为什么在数值模拟中使用，以及如何在FLUENT的工作流程中整合自定义函数。 2. 函数类型：介绍不同类型的UDF，如标量函数、向量函数、矩阵函数和通用函数，以及它们各自的应用场景。 3. 编程语言支持：讲解ANSYS提供的编程接口，如C/C++、Python等，以及如何编写符合ANSYS规范的代码。 4. 示例与案例研究：提供实际操作步骤和代码示例，帮助用户理解和掌握UFD的使用方法，便于他们在自己的项目中实践。 5. 错误处理和调试：介绍如何识别、诊断和修复UDF运行时可能出现的问题，确保函数的正确性和性能。 6. 最佳实践：分享关于如何优化UDF性能、避免潜在陷阱以及编写可维护代码的实用建议。 7. 安全与保密：强调了使用ANSYS软件产品的保密责任，确保用户在处理敏感数据时遵循正确的保密协议。 8. 后续支持：联系方式和资源链接，方便用户获取技术支持或访问最新的ANSYS FLUENT UDF更新和文档。通过阅读此教程，研究生和专业用户可以深入了解如何充分利用ANSYS FLUENT的UDF功能，提升他们的数值模拟能力，解决更复杂的工程问题。

6.2.20. Hooking DEFINE_REACTING_CHANNEL_SOLVER UDFs ................................................. 328

6.2.21. Hooking DEFINE_SCAT_PHASE_FUNC UDFs ................................................................... 329

6.2.22. Hooking DEFINE_SOLAR_INTENSITY UDFs ................................................................... 331

6.2.23. Hooking DEFINE_SOLIDIFICATION_PARAMS UDFs ...................................................... 332

6.2.24. Hooking DEFINE_SOURCE UDFs ....................................................................................... 333

6.2.25. Hooking DEFINE_SOX_RATE UDFs .................................................................................. 335

6.2.26. Hooking DEFINE_SPARK_GEOM UDFs .............................................................................. 337

6.2.27. Hooking DEFINE_SPECIFIC_HEAT UDFs ....................................................................... 338

6.2.28. Hooking DEFINE_SR_RATE UDFs .................................................................................... 339

6.2.29. Hooking DEFINE_THICKENED_FLAME_MODEL UDFs ...................................................... 340

6.2.30. Hooking DEFINE_TRANS UDFs ......................................................................................... 341

6.2.31. Hooking DEFINE_TRANSIENT_PROFILE UDFs .............................................................. 342

6.2.32. Hooking DEFINE_TURB_PREMIX_SOURCE UDFs ............................................................ 343

6.2.33. Hooking DEFINE_TURB_SCHMIDT UDFs ......................................................................... 344

6.2.34. Hooking DEFINE_TURBULENT_VISCOSITY UDFs .......................................................... 345

6.2.35. Hooking DEFINE_VR_RATE UDFs .................................................................................... 346

6.2.36. Hooking DEFINE_WALL_FUNCTIONS UDFs ..................................................................... 347

6.2.37. Hooking DEFINE_WSGGM_ABS_COEFF UDFs ................................................................... 348

6.3. Hooking Multiphase UDFs ............................................................................................................. 350

6.3.1. Hooking DEFINE_BOILING_PROPERTY UDFs ................................................................... 350

6.3.2. Hooking DEFINE_CAVITATION_RATE UDFs ..................................................................... 351

6.3.3. Hooking DEFINE_EXCHANGE_PROPERTY UDFs ................................................................ 353

6.3.4. Hooking DEFINE_HET_RXN_RATE UDFs ........................................................................... 355

6.3.5. Hooking DEFINE_LINEARIZED_MASS_TRANSFER UDFs ................................................. 356

6.3.6. Hooking DEFINE_MASS_TRANSFER UDFs ......................................................................... 356

6.3.7. Hooking DEFINE_VECTOR_EXCHANGE_PROPERTY UDFs ................................................. 357

6.4. Hooking Discrete Phase Model (DPM) UDFs ................................................................................... 359

6.4.1. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_BC UDFs ......................................................................................... 360

6.4.2. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_BODY_FORCE UDFs ....................................................................... 361

6.4.3. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_DRAG UDFs .................................................................................... 361

6.4.4. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_EROSION UDFs .............................................................................. 362

6.4.5. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_HEAT_MASS UDFs ......................................................................... 363

6.4.6. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_INJECTION_INIT UDFs .............................................................. 364

6.4.7. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_LAW UDFs ...................................................................................... 365

6.4.8. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_OUTPUT UDFs ................................................................................ 366

6.4.9. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_PROPERTY UDFs ........................................................................... 367

6.4.10. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_SCALAR_UPDATE UDFs .............................................................. 369

6.4.11. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_SOURCE UDFs .............................................................................. 370

6.4.12. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_SPRAY_COLLIDE UDFs .............................................................. 370

6.4.13. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_SWITCH UDFs .............................................................................. 371

6.4.14. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_TIMESTEP UDFs ......................................................................... 372

6.4.15. Hooking DEFINE_DPM_VP_EQUILIB UDFs ..................................................................... 373

6.5. Hooking Dynamic Mesh UDFs ....................................................................................................... 375

6.5.1. Hooking DEFINE_CG_MOTION UDFs .................................................................................. 375

6.5.2. Hooking DEFINE_DYNAMIC_ZONE_PROPERTY UDFs ........................................................ 376

6.5.2.1. Hooking a Swirl Center UDF ......................................................................................... 376

6.5.2.2. Hooking a Variable Cell Layering Height UDF ................................................................ 377

6.5.3. Hooking DEFINE_GEOM UDFs ............................................................................................. 378

6.5.4. Hooking DEFINE_GRID_MOTION UDFs .............................................................................. 379

6.5.5. Hooking DEFINE_SDOF_PROPERTIES UDFs ..................................................................... 380

6.6. Hooking User-Defined Scalar (UDS) Transport Equation UDFs ........................................................ 381

6.6.1. Hooking DEFINE_ANISOTROPIC_DIFFUSIVITY UDFs ................................................... 382

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6.6.2. Hooking DEFINE_UDS_FLUX UDFs .................................................................................... 383

6.6.3. Hooking DEFINE_UDS_UNSTEADY UDFs ........................................................................... 384

6.7. Common Errors While Hooking a UDF to ANSYS FLUENT ................................................................ 385

7. Parallel Considerations ....................................................................................................................... 387

7.1. Overview of Parallel ANSYS FLUENT ............................................................................................... 387

7.1.1. Command Transfer and Communication ............................................................................... 389

7.2. Cells and Faces in a Partitioned Mesh ............................................................................................. 390

7.2.1. Cell Types in a Partitioned Mesh ............................................................................................ 390

7.2.2. Faces at Partition Boundaries ................................................................................................ 391

7.2.3. PRINCIPAL_FACE_P ......................................................................................................... 392

7.2.4. Exterior Thread Storage ........................................................................................................ 392

7.2.5. Extended Neighborhood ...................................................................................................... 392

7.3. Parallelizing Your Serial UDF .......................................................................................................... 394

7.4. Parallelization of Discrete Phase Model (DPM) UDFs ....................................................................... 394

7.5. Macros for Parallel UDFs ................................................................................................................ 395

7.5.1. Compiler Directives .............................................................................................................. 395

7.5.2. Communicating Between the Host and Node Processes ........................................................ 397

7.5.2.1. Host-to-Node Data Transfer .......................................................................................... 397

7.5.2.2. Node-to-Host Data Transfer .......................................................................................... 398

7.5.3. Predicates ............................................................................................................................ 398

7.5.4. Global Reduction Macros ...................................................................................................... 399

7.5.4.1. Global Summations ..................................................................................................... 400

7.5.4.2. Global Maximums and Minimums ................................................................................ 400

7.5.4.3. Global Logicals ............................................................................................................ 401

7.5.4.4. Global Synchronization ................................................................................................ 402

7.5.5. Looping Macros ................................................................................................................... 402

7.5.5.1. Looping Over Cells ....................................................................................................... 402

7.5.5.2. Interior Cell Looping Macro .......................................................................................... 402

7.5.5.3. Exterior Cell Looping Macro ......................................................................................... 403

7.5.5.4. Interior and Exterior Cell Looping Macro ...................................................................... 403

7.5.5.5. Looping Over Faces ..................................................................................................... 404

7.5.6. Cell and Face Partition ID Macros .......................................................................................... 405

7.5.6.1. Cell Partition IDs .......................................................................................................... 405

7.5.6.2. Face Partition IDs ......................................................................................................... 406

7.5.7. Message Displaying Macros .................................................................................................. 406

7.5.8. Message Passing Macros ...................................................................................................... 407

7.5.9. Macros for Exchanging Data Between Compute Nodes ......................................................... 409

7.6. Limitations of Parallel UDFs ........................................................................................................... 410

7.7. Process Identification .................................................................................................................... 411

7.8. Parallel UDF Example .................................................................................................................... 412

7.9. Reading and Writing Files in Parallel .............................................................................................. 413

7.9.1. Reading Files in Parallel ........................................................................................................ 414

7.9.2.Writing Files in Parallel .......................................................................................................... 414

8. Examples ............................................................................................................................................. 417

8.1. Step-By-Step UDF Example ........................................................................................................... 417

8.1.1. Process Overview ................................................................................................................. 417

8.1.2. Step 1: Define Your Problem .................................................................................................. 418

8.1.3. Step 2: Create a C Source File ................................................................................................ 420

8.1.4. Step 3: Start ANSYS FLUENT and Read (or Set Up) the Case File .............................................. 420

8.1.5. Step 4: Interpret or Compile the Source File ........................................................................... 421

8.1.5.1. Interpret the Source File ............................................................................................... 421

8.1.5.2. Compile the Source File ............................................................................................... 423

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8.1.6. Step 5: Hook the UDF to ANSYS FLUENT ................................................................................ 426

8.1.7. Step 6: Run the Calculation ................................................................................................... 426

8.1.8. Step 7: Analyze the Numerical Solution and Compare to Expected Results ............................. 427

8.2. Detailed UDF Examples ................................................................................................................. 427

8.2.1. Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................................ 427

8.2.1.1. Parabolic Velocity Inlet Profile in an Elbow Duct ............................................................ 428

8.2.1.2.Transient Pressure Outlet Profile for Flow in a Tube ....................................................... 432

8.2.2. Source Terms ........................................................................................................................ 437

8.2.2.1. Adding a Momentum Source to a Duct Flow ................................................................ 437

8.2.3. Physical Properties ............................................................................................................... 442

8.2.3.1. Solidification via a Temperature-Dependent Viscosity ................................................... 442

8.2.4. Reaction Rates ..................................................................................................................... 445

8.2.4.1. Volume Reaction Rate .................................................................................................. 446

8.2.5. User-Defined Scalars ............................................................................................................ 449

8.2.5.1. Postprocessing Using User-Defined Scalars .................................................................. 449

8.2.5.2. Implementing ANSYS FLUENT’s P-1 Radiation Model Using User-Defined Scalars .......... 451

8.2.6. User-Defined Real Gas Models (UDRGM) ............................................................................... 454

8.2.6.1. UDRGM Example: Redlich-Kwong Equation of State ...................................................... 454

8.2.6.2. Specific Volume and Density ........................................................................................ 455

8.2.6.3. Derivatives of Specific Volume and Density .................................................................. 456

8.2.6.4. Specific Heat and Enthalpy ........................................................................................... 457

8.2.6.5. Entropy ....................................................................................................................... 458

8.2.6.6. Speed of Sound ........................................................................................................... 458

8.2.6.7. Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity .............................................................................. 459

8.2.6.8. Using the Redlich-Kwong Real Gas UDRGM .................................................................. 460

8.2.6.9. Redlich-Kwong Real Gas UDRGM Code Listing .............................................................. 460

8.2.6.9.1. UDRGM Example: Multiple-Species Real Gas Model .............................................. 466

8.2.6.9.2. UDRGM Example: Real Gas Model with Volumetric Reactions ............................... 472

A. C Programming Basics ........................................................................................................................... 485

A.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 485

A.2. Commenting Your C Code ............................................................................................................. 485

A.3. C Data Types in ANSYS FLUENT ..................................................................................................... 486

A.4. Constants ..................................................................................................................................... 486

A.5.Variables ....................................................................................................................................... 486

A.5.1. Declaring Variables .............................................................................................................. 487

A.5.2. External Variables ................................................................................................................. 487

A.5.2.1. Example ...................................................................................................................... 487

A.5.3. Static Variables ..................................................................................................................... 488

A.5.3.1. Example - Static Global Variable ................................................................................... 488

A.6. User-Defined Data Types ............................................................................................................... 489

A.6.1. Example .............................................................................................................................. 489

A.7. Casting ......................................................................................................................................... 489

A.8. Functions ..................................................................................................................................... 489

A.9. Arrays ........................................................................................................................................... 490

A.9.1. Examples ............................................................................................................................. 490

A.10. Pointers ...................................................................................................................................... 490

A.10.1. Pointers as Function Arguments ......................................................................................... 491

A.11. Control Statements ..................................................................................................................... 491

A.11.1. if Statement ..................................................................................................................... 491

A.11.1.1. Example .................................................................................................................... 491

A.11.2. if-else Statement .......................................................................................................... 491

A.11.2.1. Example .................................................................................................................... 491

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A.11.3. for Loops ......................................................................................................................... 492

A.11.3.1. Example .................................................................................................................... 492

A.12. Common C Operators ................................................................................................................. 492

A.12.1. Arithmetic Operators ......................................................................................................... 492

A.12.2. Logical Operators ............................................................................................................... 493

A.13. C Library Functions ..................................................................................................................... 493

A.13.1. Trigonometric Functions .................................................................................................... 493

A.13.2. Miscellaneous Mathematical Functions ............................................................................... 493

A.13.3. Standard I/O Functions ....................................................................................................... 494

A.13.3.1. fopen ...................................................................................................................... 495

A.13.3.2. fclose .................................................................................................................... 495

A.13.3.3. printf .................................................................................................................... 495

A.13.3.4. fprintf .................................................................................................................. 496

A.13.3.5. fscanf .................................................................................................................... 496

A.14. Preprocessor Directives ............................................................................................................... 496

A.14.1. Macro Substitution Directive Using #define .................................................................... 497

A.14.2. File Inclusion Directive Using #include ............................................................................ 497

A.15. Comparison with FORTRAN ......................................................................................................... 497

B. DEFINE Macro Definitions .................................................................................................................... 499

B.1. General Solver DEFINE Macros ..................................................................................................... 499

B.2. Model-Specific DEFINE Macro Definitions .................................................................................... 499

B.3. Multiphase DEFINE Macros .......................................................................................................... 501

B.4. Dynamic Mesh Model DEFINE Macros ......................................................................................... 501

B.5. Discrete Phase Model DEFINE Macros .......................................................................................... 502

B.6. User-Defined Scalar (UDS) DEFINE Macros ................................................................................... 502

C. Quick Reference Guide for Multiphase DEFINE Macros .......................................................................... 505

C.1.VOF Model .................................................................................................................................... 505

C.2. Mixture Model .............................................................................................................................. 507

C.3. Eulerian Model - Laminar Flow ...................................................................................................... 510

C.4. Eulerian Model - Mixture Turbulence Flow ..................................................................................... 513

C.5. Eulerian Model - Dispersed Turbulence Flow .................................................................................. 516

C.6. Eulerian Model - Per Phase Turbulence Flow .................................................................................. 518

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................. 521

Index ........................................................................................................................................................ 523

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