苹果iPhone安全分析：攻击与漏洞研究

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iPhone 安全分析 iPhone 安全分析是移动设备安全研究的重要方向之一。随着 iPhone 的普及，人们对其安全性的关注也日益增加。本文将对 iPhone 安全性进行深入分析，从攻击角度出发，考察 iPhone 的安全结构，总结出多种攻击方式，并对其安全性进行评估。 1. iPhone 安全性概况 iPhone 作为一款流行的移动设备，其安全性问题日益受到关注。iPhone 的安全性可以分为两个方面：一方面是 iPhone 的硬件安全性，另一方面是 iPhone 的软件安全性。硬件安全性主要涉及到 iPhone 的物理安全，例如防止 iPhone 被非法访问、防止 iPhone 被恶意攻击等。软件安全性主要涉及到 iPhone 的操作系统和应用程序的安全性，例如防止恶意软件的攻击、防止数据泄露等。 2. iPhone 安全攻击方式在 iPhone 安全分析中，攻击方式是非常重要的。攻击方式可以分为两种：一方面是基于软件的攻击，另一方面是基于硬件的攻击。基于软件的攻击包括恶意软件的攻击、跨站脚本攻击、SQL 注入攻击等。这类攻击可以通过恶意软件、病毒、木马等方式来实施。基于硬件的攻击包括物理攻击、 Side Channel 攻击等。这类攻击可以通过物理方式来实施，例如劫持 iPhone 的 NFC 功能。 3. iPhone 安全性评估在对 iPhone 安全性进行评估时，需要考察多个方面的安全性指标，例如数据加密、身份验证、访问控制等。数据加密是 iPhone 安全性的重要方面，iPhone 的数据加密可以防止数据泄露和未经授权的访问。身份验证是 iPhone 安全性的另一个重要方面，iPhone 的身份验证可以防止未经授权的访问和恶意攻击。访问控制是 iPhone 安全性的最后一个重要方面，iPhone 的访问控制可以防止恶意软件的攻击和未经授权的访问。 4. iPhone 安全性改进建议在对 iPhone 安全性进行评估后，需要对 iPhone 的安全性进行改进建议。例如，iPhone 可以采用更高级的数据加密算法，例如 AES256，以提高数据的安全性。iPhone 也可以采用双因素身份验证，以提高身份验证的安全性。同时，iPhone 也可以采用访问控制机制，以防止恶意软件的攻击和未经授权的访问。 5. 结论 iPhone 安全分析是移动设备安全研究的重要方向之一。本文对 iPhone 安全性进行了深入分析，总结出多种攻击方式，并对其安全性进行评估。同时，本文也对 iPhone 的安全性进行了改进建议，以提高 iPhone 的安全性。

V. R. PANDYA ET AL.

able to choose whatever wireless service they prefer and

should not be forced to use a particular one.

There was another reason that some iPhone users be-

came irritated. Apple designed iPhone as a closed system

that does not allow installation of third-party applications.

Users can only access a very small subset of the file sys-

tem, a “sandbox” where they can add and remove music

and other files via iTunes. Users who wanted to install

third-party applications such as widgets and games were

unable to do so.

These two limitations placed on iPhone users promp-

ted a series of hack and attack efforts by iPhone enthuse-

asts and hackers. “Jailbreak” is an iPhone hack that per-

mits the addition of third-party applications or gadgets

on the iPhone by permitting read/write access to the root

file system. Without “jailbreaking” an iPhone, a cus-

tomer is limited to the factory-installed tools included

with it. “Unlock” is an attack on iPhone that allows it to

be used with any wireless service offering the GSM stan-

dard, not just AT & T. Without “unlocking” an iPhone,

one can only use AT&T’s wireless services. Perhaps

surprisingly, jailbreaking is the more important of the

two because it is the first step to unlocking. We look at a

jailbreak attack in detail and also discuss different

unlocking solutions.

Due to the commercial success of the iPhone, it makes

a good candidate for security analysis. Having close to a

million iPhones jailbroken and unlocked within first six

months of its release, iPhone security obviously has had

significant financial implications. In addition, with more

millions of users worldwide, any security holes in iPhone

can jeopardize the privacy of millions of people. We

believe that these issues make the security analysis of

iPhone a worthwhile and important topic.

3. Jailbreaking

The process of gaining root access to the iPhone so that

third party tools can be installed is called Jailbreaking [5].

Without gaining read-write access to the root system, one

cannot install third party applications. Note that this

limitation prevents users from doing what they want to

do with their iPhones—products that they own. This is

somewhat analogous to buying a computer and not being

allowed to install new programs on it. There are several

websites (see, for example, [6]) that provide interesting

gadgets and games for iPhone. Some of the most popular

games are iSolitaire, iZoo, Tetris, iPhysics, and NOIZ2SA.

Beyond providing access to such applications, jailbreak-

ing is essential for another reason: it is the first step in

unlocking.

Without jailbreaking, one cannot install the necessary

application to use a wireless service other than AT & T.

Close to a million new iPhones were not activated with

AT & T in the first six months after its release [1]. With-

out jailbreaking, these iPhone owners would not be able

to use the phone part of the iPhone unless they signed a

contract with AT & T after switching from their existing

GSM wireless service provider. Even for AT & T cus-

tomers, jailbreaking is still necessary to enable the addi-

tion of third party applications to the iPhone.

3.1. Looking for Ideas

Immediately after its release, iPhone enthusiasts and

hackers all around the world were looking for a way to

gain root access. A feasible solution has to be reasonably

easy to use and should not take several hours to complete.

Hackers investigated various techniques for meeting

these requirements. They evaluated existing hacks for

other phones and devices and searched for similar vul-

nerabilities in the iPhone [7,8].

A previous hacker success was using buffer overflow

techniques on the Sony PSP. By exploiting vulnerability

in the Tag Image File Format (TIFF) library, libtiff, used

for viewing TIFFs, hackers were able to hack PSP to run

homebrew games, which was otherwise prohibited [9].

Hackers inspected Apple’s MobileSafari web browser

to see if it could be targeted for the same vulnerability. It

turned out that for firmware version 1.1.1 of the iPhone,

MobileSafari uses a vulnerable version of libtiff [10,11].

The exploitable vulnerability in libtiff is documented as

entry CVE-2006-3459 in Commom Vulnerabilities and

Exposures, a database tracking information security vul-

nerabilities and exposures [10]. This vulnerability is also

documented and tracked in the U.S. National Vulnerabil-

ity Database [12]. A malicious TIFF file can be created

to include the desired rogue code. When attempting to

view the malicious tiff file in a vulnerable version of

MobileSafari, the vulnerabilities in libtiff are exploited to

create a stack buffer overflow, and the malicious code is

injected and executed.

3.2. Stack Buffer Overflow and Return-To-Libc

Attacks

The attack we review, which exploits the libtiff vulner-

ability, uses a stack buffer overflow to inject code and

the “return-to-libc” technique to execute it. To illustrate

how a stack buffer overflow can be created and how a

return-to-libc attack works, we first consider a generic

example.

Consider the piece of code below [13]:

void func (char *passedStr) {

char localStr[4]; // Note that only 4 bytes allo-

cated

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苹果iPhone安全分析：攻击与漏洞研究

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