"GNU汇编器as_v2.34-精简版本1编译指南"

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The GNU Assembler, also known as as_v2.34, is a streamlined version of the GNU Binutils tool, compiled by Ben Shushu in July 2020. This version of the assembler is designed for efficient and effective assembly language programming tasks. Originally developed by Dean Elsner and Jay Fenlason with support from The Nice Computer Company of Australia, the GNU Assembler has been a vital tool for developers working on the Project gnu. The Free Software Foundation Inc. acknowledges the contributions of TNCCA and thanks them for their support in the development of the first (Vax) version of as. With a focus on simplicity and functionality, the GNU Assembler provides a user-friendly interface for writing and debugging assembly language code. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced programmer, this tool offers a range of features and capabilities to streamline your development process. For technical support or inquiries, you can reach out to Ben Shushu on WeChat at runninglinuxkernel. The GNU Assembler continues to be a valuable resource for developers around the world, thanks to the dedication and hard work of the individuals and companies involved in its development.

8 Using as

-g

--gen-debug

Generate debugging information for each assembler source line using whichever

debug format is preferred by the target. This currently means either STABS,

ECOFF or DWARF2.

--gstabs Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line. This may help

debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.

--gstabs+

Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line, with GNU exten-

sions that probably only gdb can handle, and that could make other debuggers

crash or refuse to read your program. This may help debugging assembler

code. Currently the only GNU extension is the location of the current working

directory at assembling time.

--gdwarf-2

Generate DWARF2 debugging information for each assembler line. This may

help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it. Note—this option

is only supported by some targets, not all of them.

--gdwarf-sections

Instead of creating a .debug line section, create a series of .debug line.foo sec-

tions where foo is the name of the corresponding code section. For example a

code section called .text.func will have its dwarf line number information placed

into a section called .debug line.text.func. If the code section is just called .text

then debug line section will still be called just .debug line without any suﬃx.

--gdwarf-cie-version=version

Control which version of DWARF Common Information Entries (CIEs) are

produced. When this ﬂag is not speciﬁced the default is version 1, though some

targets can modify this default. Other possible values for version are 3 or 4.

--size-check=error

--size-check=warning

Issue an error or warning for invalid ELF .size directive.

--elf-stt-common=no

--elf-stt-common=yes

These options control whether the ELF assembler should generate common

symbols with the STT_COMMON type. The default can be controlled by a conﬁgure

option --enable-elf-stt-common.

--generate-missing-build-notes=yes

--generate-missing-build-notes=no

These options control whether the ELF assembler should generate GNU Build

attribute notes if none are present in the input sources. The default can be

controlled by the --enable-generate-build-notes conﬁgure option.

--help Print a summary of the command-line options and exit.

--target-help

Print a summary of all target speciﬁc options and exit.

Chapter 1: Overview 9

-I dir Add directory dir to the search list for .include directives.

-J Don’t warn about signed overﬂow.

-K Issue warnings when diﬀerence tables altered for long displacements.

-L

--keep-locals

Keep (in the symbol table) local symbols. These symbols start with system-

speciﬁc local label preﬁxes, typically ‘.L’ for ELF systems or ‘L’ for traditional

a.out systems. See Section 5.3 [Symbol Names], page 43.

--listing-lhs-width=number

Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for an assembler

listing to number.

--listing-lhs-width2=number

Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for continuation

lines in an assembler listing to number.

--listing-rhs-width=number

Set the maximum width of an input source line, as displayed in a listing, to

number bytes.

--listing-cont-lines=number

Set the maximum number of lines printed in a listing for a single line of input

to number + 1.

--no-pad-sections

Stop the assembler for padding the ends of output sections to the alignment of

that section. The default is to pad the sections, but this can waste space which

might be needed on targets which have tight memory constraints.

-o objfile

Name the object-ﬁle output from as objﬁle.

-R Fold the data section into the text section.

--hash-size=number

Set the default size of GAS’s hash tables to a prime number close to number.

Increasing this value can reduce the length of time it takes the assembler to

perform its tasks, at the expense of increasing the assembler’s memory require-

ments. Similarly reducing this value can reduce the memory requirements at

the expense of speed.

--reduce-memory-overheads

This option reduces GAS’s memory requirements, at the expense of making

the assembly processes slower. Currently this switch is a synonym for

‘--hash-size=4051’, but in the future it may have other eﬀects as well.

--sectname-subst

Honor substitution sequences in section names. See [.section name], page 77.

--statistics

Print the maximum space (in bytes) and total time (in seconds) used by assem-

bly.

Chapter 1: Overview 11

-mapcs-32 | -mapcs-26 | -mapcs-float | -mapcs-reentrant

Select which procedure calling convention is in use.

-EB | -EL Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.

-mthumb-interwork

Specify that the code has been generated with interworking between Thumb

and ARM code in mind.

-mccs Turns on CodeComposer Studio assembly syntax compatibility mode.

-k Specify that PIC code has been generated.

See hundeﬁnedi [Blackﬁn Options], page hundeﬁnedi, for the options available when as

is conﬁgured for the Blackﬁn processor family.

See hundeﬁnedi [BPF Options], page hundeﬁnedi, for the options available when as is

conﬁgured for the Linux kernel BPF processor family.

See the info pages for documentation of the CRIS-speciﬁc options.

See hundeﬁnedi [C-SKY Options], page hundeﬁnedi, for the options available when as is

conﬁgured for the C-SKY processor family.

The following options are available when as is conﬁgured for a D10V processor.

-O Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.

The following options are available when as is conﬁgured for a D30V processor.

-O Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.

-n Warn when nops are generated.

-N Warn when a nop after a 32-bit multiply instruction is generated.

The following options are available when as is conﬁgured for the Adapteva EPIPHANY

series.

See hundeﬁnedi [Epiphany Options], page hundeﬁnedi, for the options available when as

is conﬁgured for an Epiphany processor.

See hundeﬁnedi [i386-Options], page hundeﬁnedi, for the options available when as is

conﬁgured for an i386 processor.

The following options are available when as is conﬁgured for the Ubicom IP2K series.

-mip2022ext

Speciﬁes that the extended IP2022 instructions are allowed.

-mip2022 Restores the default behaviour, which restricts the permitted instructions to

just the basic IP2022 ones.

The following options are available when as is conﬁgured for the Renesas M32C and

M16C processors.

-m32c Assemble M32C instructions.

-m16c Assemble M16C instructions (the default).

-relax Enable support for link-time relaxations.

12 Using as

-h-tick-hex

Support H’00 style hex constants in addition to 0x00 style.

The following options are available when as is conﬁgured for the Renesas M32R (formerly

Mitsubishi M32R) series.

--m32rx Specify which processor in the M32R family is the target. The default is nor-

mally the M32R, but this option changes it to the M32RX.

--warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wp

Produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are encoun-

tered.

--no-warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wnp

Do not produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are

encountered.

The following options are available when as is conﬁgured for the Motorola 68000 series.

-l Shorten references to undeﬁned symbols, to one word instead of two.

-m68000 | -m68008 | -m68010 | -m68020 | -m68030

| -m68040 | -m68060 | -m68302 | -m68331 | -m68332

| -m68333 | -m68340 | -mcpu32 | -m5200

Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target. The default is normally

the 68020, but this can be changed at conﬁguration time.

-m68881 | -m68882 | -mno-68881 | -mno-68882

The target machine does (or does not) have a ﬂoating-point coprocessor. The

default is to assume a coprocessor for 68020, 68030, and cpu32. Although the

basic 68000 is not compatible with the 68881, a combination of the two can

be speciﬁed, since it’s possible to do emulation of the coprocessor instructions

with the main processor.

-m68851 | -mno-68851

The target machine does (or does not) have a memory-management unit co-

processor. The default is to assume an MMU for 68020 and up.

See hundeﬁnedi [Nios II Options], page hundeﬁnedi, for the options available when as is

conﬁgured for an Altera Nios II processor.

For details about the PDP-11 machine dependent features options, see hundeﬁnedi [PDP-

11-Options], page hundeﬁnedi.

-mpic | -mno-pic

Generate position-independent (or position-dependent) code. The default is

-mpic.

-mall

-mall-extensions

Enable all instruction set extensions. This is the default.

-mno-extensions

Disable all instruction set extensions.

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