苹果iPhone应用开发入门指南

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"iPhone开发指南-iPhone Development Guide" 这篇文档是苹果公司发布的iPhone应用程序开发指南，主要面向想要在iOS平台上创建和开发应用的程序员。指南详细介绍了iPhone应用开发所需的工具和语言，以及相关的知识产权和许可政策。一、工具与语言在开发iPhone应用时，主要使用的工具是Xcode，这是Apple提供的集成开发环境（IDE）。Xcode集成了代码编辑器、界面构建器、调试器和版本控制系统，使得开发者能够高效地编写、测试和调试iOS应用。此外，Xcode还支持Swift和Objective-C这两种主要的编程语言。Swift是苹果在2014年推出的新语言，语法简洁，易于学习，而Objective-C是经典的iOS开发语言，拥有丰富的Cocoa Touch框架支持。二、知识产权与许可文档中强调了对Apple知识产权的尊重和保护。未经许可，不得复制、存储或以任何形式传输该文档的内容。个人用户可以将文档存储在单个计算机上供个人使用，并可打印文档副本供个人使用，但需包含Apple的版权信息。使用苹果的商标，如“键盘”苹果logo（Option-Shift-K），在没有获得Apple明确许可的情况下用于商业目的可能会构成商标侵权和不公平竞争。三、法律与许可规定文档指出，此指南并不授予任何关于所描述技术的许可证，无论是明示还是暗示的。所有与技术相关的知识产权归Apple所有。这意味着开发者在使用苹果的技术进行开发时，必须遵守Apple的开发者协议和相关条款，获取必要的开发和分发许可。四、应用开发辅助该文档的目的是帮助应用程序开发者理解并掌握iOS开发流程，包括如何利用iOS SDK（软件开发工具包）中的各种服务、框架和API，以及如何遵循Apple的设计原则和人机交互指南，以创建出高质量、用户体验良好的应用程序。 "iPhone Development Guide"是一份宝贵的资源，它不仅教导开发者如何使用Xcode和相关工具，还指导他们如何在遵守Apple的政策和法规的同时，开发出符合平台标准的优秀应用。对于初学者和经验丰富的开发者来说，都是一个不可或缺的学习和参考材料。

While the Documentation window is a great tool to browse the iPhone documentation library, sometimes

you may not want to take your focus away from the text editor while you write code, but need basic

information about a symbol in a condensed way. The Research Assistant provides such information in a small

and unobtrusive window.

The Research Assistant actively follows you as you move the cursor around a source file. When it recognizes

a symbol for which it finds API reference, the Research Assistant displays that reference, as shown in Figure

1-4. All you have to do is glance at the Research Assistant to get essential details about the symbol.

To display the Research Assistant, choose Help > Show Research Assistant.

Figure 1-4 Viewing API reference in the Research Assistant

From the Research Assistant you can quickly jump to more comprehensive reference for the symbol, or even

view the header that declares it.

For more information about accessing documentation in Xcode, see Documentation Access.

Building and Running Your Application

iPhone Simulator implements the iPhone OS API, providing an environment that closely resembles the

environment devices provide. It allows you to run your applications in Mac OS X, letting you quickly test

application functionality when you don’t have a device available. However, running applications in iPhone

Simulator is not the same as running them in actual devices. iPhone Simulator does not emulate device

performance: It doesn’t implement the memory constraints or processor performance of an actual device.

First, the simulator uses Mac OS X versions of the low-level system frameworks instead of the versions that

run on the devices. Secondly, there may be hardware-based functionality that’s unavailable on the simulator.

But, in general, the simulator is a great tool to perform initial testing of your applications.

To get an accurate idea of how your application performs on a user’s device, you must run the application

on a device and gather performance data using Instruments and other performance-measuring tools.

Essential Development Tasks

CHAPTER 1

iPhone Development Quick Start

To compile and debug your code, Xcode relies on open-source tools, such as GCC and GDB. Xcode also

supports team-based development with source control systems, such as Subversion, CVS, and Perforce.

Building your application involves the following steps:

■ Compiling your source files and generating your application binary.

■ Placing the binary in iPhone Simulator or on your device.

Xcode performs these tasks for you when you execute the Build command. See "Running Applications" (page

31) for details.

Measuring Application Performance

After you have tested your application’s functionality, you must ensure that it performs well on a device. This

means that the application uses the device’s resources as efficiently as possible. For example, memory is a

scarce resource; therefore, your application should maintain a small memory footprint not to impair the

performance of iPhone OS. Your application should also use efficient algorithms to consume as little power

as possible not to reduce battery life. Xcode provides two major tools to measure and tune application

performance: Instruments and Shark.

The Instruments application is a dynamic performance analysis tool that lets you peer into your code as it’s

running and gather important metrics about what it is doing. You can view and analyze the data Instruments

collects in real time, or you can save that data and analyze it later. You can collect data about your application’s

use of the CPU, memory, the file system, and the network, among other resources.

The Shark application is another tool that helps you find performance bottlenecks in your code. It produces

profiles of hardware and software performance events and shows how your code works as a whole and its

interaction with iPhone OS.

See "Tuning Applications" (page 71) for more information.

Further Exploration

To learn more about the Xcode development process, see A Tour of Xcode.

Tutorial: Hello, World!

This tutorial guides you through the creation of a simple project that prints text on the iPhone screen.

Create the Project

To create the Hello World project, follow these steps:

1. Launch the Xcode application, located in <Xcode>/Applications.

Tutorial: Hello, World! 17

CHAPTER 1

iPhone Development Quick Start

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苹果iPhone应用开发入门指南

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