Intel DPDK 1.7.0编程指南：关键要点与安全警告

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本资源是Intel® Data Plane Development Kit (Intel® DPDK) 的编程指南，版本为1.7.0，发布日期为2014年6月。该文档编号为326003-008，主要面向开发者提供对Intel DPDK的深入理解和详细指导。Intel DPDK是一种针对数据包处理和网络设备加速的工具包，它允许用户直接访问硬件加速功能，从而显著提升网络应用程序的性能。首先，文档的"Introduction"部分会概述Intel DPDK的目标和优势，包括如何通过用户空间编程消除操作系统（OS）对网络栈的开销，实现低延迟、高吞吐量的网络应用程序。DPDK支持在多核架构上并行处理数据包，非常适合那些对网络性能有极高要求的场景，如数据中心网络、云计算和物联网(IoT)应用。作为编程指南，文档详细介绍了如何安装和配置DPDK，包括编译步骤、驱动程序管理以及内存分配策略。它涵盖了如何编写和调试DPDK应用，如使用Ring Buffer机制进行数据包传递，以及利用EAL (Early Access Linux) 架构启动环境设置来控制内核模式和用户空间交互。文档还涉及了网络接口卡(NIC)的绑定和分片，这对于正确配置和优化DPDK应用至特定硬件至关重要。此外，安全性和稳定性也是关注的重点，包括错误处理、线程同步和内存管理的最佳实践。对于"Mission-Critical Application"，这意味着文档特别强调了使用Intel DPDK时的安全注意事项，明确指出在处理可能导致人身伤害或死亡的敏感应用时，用户需自行承担风险，并可能需要为潜在的责任问题提供保障。此文档是一份实用的参考资源，涵盖了从基础概念到高级技巧的全面指导，旨在帮助开发者高效地利用Intel DPDK进行高性能网络编程，同时提醒他们在关键应用中谨慎评估风险。对于任何希望提升网络性能和开发定制网络解决方案的工程师来说，这是一份不可或缺的参考资料。

Overview

Intel

Data Plane Development Kit (Intel

DPDK)

Programmer’s Guide June 2014

16 Reference Number: 326003-008

Overview

This section gives a global overview of the architecture of Intel

Data Plane

Development Kit (Intel

DPDK).

The main goal of the Intel

DPDK is to provide a simple, complete framework for fast

packet processing in data plane applications. Users may use the code to understand

some of the techniques employed, to build upon for prototyping or to add their own

protocol stacks. Alternative ecosystem options that use the Intel

DPDK are available.

The framework creates a set of libraries for specific environments through the

creation of an Environment Abstraction Layer (EAL), which may be specific to a mode

of the Intel

architecture (32-bit or 64-bit), Linux* user space compilers or a specific

platform. These environments are created through the use of make files and

configuration files. Once the EAL library is created, the user may link with the library

to create their own applications. Other libraries, outside of EAL, including the Hash,

Longest Prefix Match (LPM) and rings libraries are also provided. Sample applications

are provided to help show the user how to use various features of the Intel

DPDK.

The Intel

DPDK implements a run to completion model for packet processing, where

all resources must be allocated prior to calling Data Plane applications, running as

execution units on logical processing cores. The model does not support a scheduler

and all devices are accessed by polling. The primary reason for not using interrupts is

the performance overhead imposed by interrupt processing.

In addition to the run-to-completion model, a pipeline model may also be used by

passing packets or messages between cores via the rings. This allows work to be

performed in stages and may allow more efficient use of code on cores.

2.1 Development Environment

The Intel

DPDK project installation requires Linux and the associated toolchain, such

as one or more compilers, assembler, make utility, editor and various libraries to

create the Intel

DPDK components and libraries.

Once these libraries are created for the specific environment and architecture, they

may then be used to create the user’s data plane application.

When creating applications for the Linux user space, the glibc library is used. For

Intel

DPDK applications, two environmental variables (RTE_SDK and RTE_TARGET)

must be configured before compiling the applications. The following are examples of

how the variables can be set:

export RTE_SDK=/home/user/DPDK

export RTE_TARGET=x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc

See the Intel

DPDK Getting Started Guide for information on setting up the

development environment.

Environment Abstraction Layer

Intel

Data Plane Development Kit (Intel

DPDK)

Programmer’s Guide June 2014

20 Reference Number: 326003-008

3 Environment Abstraction Layer

The Environment Abstraction Layer (EAL) is responsible for gaining access to low-

level resources such as hardware and memory space. It provides a generic interface

that hides the environment specifics from the applications and libraries. It is the

responsibility of the initialization routine to decide how to allocate these resources

(that is, memory space, PCI devices, timers, consoles, and so on).

Typical services expected from the EAL are:

 Intel

DPDK Loading and Launching: The Intel

DPDK and its application are

linked as a single application and must be loaded by some means.

 Core Affinity/Assignment Procedures: The EAL provides mechanisms for assigning

execution units to specific cores as well as creating execution instances.

 System Memory Reservation: The EAL facilitates the reservation of different

memory zones, for example, physical memory areas for device interactions.

 PCI Address Abstraction: The EAL provides an interface to access PCI address

space.

 Trace and Debug Functions: Logs, dump_stack, panic and so on.

 Utility Functions: Spinlocks and atomic counters that are not provided in libc.

 CPU Feature Identification: Determine at runtime if a particular feature, for

example, Intel

AVX is supported. Determine if the current CPU supports the

feature set that the binary was compiled for.

 Interrupt Handling: Interfaces to register/unregister callbacks to specific interrupt

sources.

 Alarm Functions: Interfaces to set/remove callbacks to be run at a specific time.

3.1 EAL in a Linux-userland Execution Environment

In a Linux user space environment, the Intel

DPDK application runs as a user-space

application using the pthread library. PCI information about devices and address

space is discovered through the /sys kernel interface and through a module called

igb_uio. Refer to the UIO: User-space drivers documentation in the Linux kernel.

This memory is mmap'd in the application.

The EAL performs physical memory allocation using mmap() in hugetlbfs (using huge

page sizes to increase performance). This memory is exposed to Intel

DPDK service

layers such as the Mempool Library.

At this point, the Intel

DPDK services layer will be initialized, then through pthread

setaffinity calls, each execution unit will be assigned to a specific logical core to

run as a user-level thread.

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