Raspberry Pi上的超级计算与科学编程探索

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《树莓派超级计算与科学编程》是一本由Ashwin Pajankar编著的专业书籍，针对对Raspberry Pi及其在超级计算和科学编程领域感兴趣的人群。本书以Raspberry Pi单板电脑作为核心主题，深入探讨了如何利用这种低成本、便携式的计算机平台进行高性能计算，并结合实用的工具和技术，如Message Passing Interface (MPI)、NumPy和SciPy等科学计算库。第1章"单板计算机与Raspberry Pi入门"首先介绍了单板电脑的基本概念，特别强调了Raspberry Pi作为入门级开发平台的优势，包括其硬件配置和软件环境设置。读者可以在这里了解到如何搭建和优化Raspberry Pi的工作环境。第2章"重要的Linux命令与远程连接"详细讲解了在Raspberry Pi上使用Linux操作系统的基础操作，包括文件管理、网络设置和远程登录，这对于理解和利用Raspberry Pi进行分布式计算至关重要。第3章"Python编程基础"深入解析Python语言，因为它是Raspberry Pi上最常用的数据处理和科学计算语言。读者将学习到如何使用Python进行数据处理、编写脚本和接口开发。第4章"超级计算入门"阐述了如何利用Raspberry Pi构建小型但高效的超级计算机集群，包括集群架构、性能优化和资源调度策略。书中可能讨论了如何通过并行计算提升处理能力，以及如何在有限的硬件资源下实现高效的科学计算任务。第5章"Message Passing Interface (MPI)应用"是本书的核心内容之一，MPI是一种用于分布式内存计算的通信标准，作者会介绍如何在Raspberry Pi上实施MPI，实现节点间的高效数据交换，以支持大规模并行计算。第6章"构建超级计算机系统"涵盖了硬件组装、软件安装、配置和测试的实际步骤，以及如何通过软件工具监控和调试系统性能。这章对于希望亲手实践的读者来说极具实践价值。第7章和后续章节可能会进一步深入到具体科学计算案例，如图像处理、机器学习或物理模拟，展示了如何将理论知识应用于实际问题解决，同时借助NumPy和SciPy等库的高级功能。总体而言，《Raspberry Pi超级计算与科学编程》不仅提供了一套系统性的学习路径，还为Raspberry Pi用户和科研爱好者提供了丰富的工具和实例，使他们能够充分利用这个平台进行科学研究和创新项目。通过阅读这本书，读者不仅可以提升自己的技术技能，还能拓展在高性能计算领域的视野。

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Single Board

Computers and Raspberry Pi

We will start our exciting journey of exploration into the scientific domain of

supercomputing and scientific programming with Raspberry Pi. But for us to begin

the journey, we must be comfortable with the basics of the single board computers

and Raspberry Pi. In this chapter, we will study the definition, history, and philosophy

behind single board computers. We will first compare it with a regular computer. We will

then move on to the most popular and best-selling single board computer of all time, the

Raspberry Pi. By the end of this chapter, readers will have adequate knowledge to set up

their own Raspberry Pi independently. This chapter aims to make the readers comfortable

with the very basic concepts of single board computers and the setup of the Raspberry Pi.

Single Board Computers (SBCs)

A single board computer (which will be referred to as SBCs from henceforth throughout

the entire book) is a fully functional computer system built around a single printed

circuit board. An SBC has microprocessor(s), memory, input/output, and other features

required of a minimal functional computer. Unlike a desktop personal computer (PC),

most of the SBCs do not have expansion slots for peripheral functions or expansion. As all

the components such as processor(s), RAM, GPU, etc., are integrated on a single PCB, we

cannot upgrade an SBC.

Few SBCs are made to plug into a backplane for system expansion. SBCs come in

many varieties, sizes, shapes, form factors, and sets of features. Due to the advances in

electronics and semiconductor technologies, prices of most SBCs are very low. One of the

most important features of SBCs is cost effectiveness. With a price around $50 apiece, we

have in our hands a development tool suitable for new applications, hacking, debugging,

testing, hardware development, and automation systems.

SBCs are usually manufactured in the following form factors:

• Pico-ITX

• PXI

• Qseven

Chapter 1 ■ IntroduCtIon to SIngle Board ComputerS and raSpBerry pI

SoC vs. Regular CPU

The biggest advantage of using a SoC is its size. If we use a CPU, it’s very hard to make

a compact computer, only because of the sheer number of individual chips and other

components that we need to arrange on a board. However, using SoCs, we can place

complete application-specific computing systems in smartphones and tablets, and still

have plenty of space for batteries, antennae, and other add-ons required for remote

telephony and data communication.

Due to the very high level of integration and compact size, a SoC uses considerably

less power than a regular CPU. This is a significant advantage of SoCs when it comes

to mobile and portable systems. Also, reducing the number of chips by eliminating

redundant ICs on a computer board results in the compact board size.

History of SBCs

Dyna-Micro was the first true SBC. It was based on the Intel C8080A and used Intel’s first

EPROM, the C1702A. The dyna-micro was re-branded and marketed by E&L Instruments

of Derby, CT in 1976 as the MMD-1 (Mini-Micro Designer 1). It became famous as

the leading example of microcomputers. SBCs were very popular in the earlier days of

computing, as many home computers were actually SBCs. However, with the rise of PCs,

the popularity of SBCs declined. Since 2010, there has been a resurgence in the popularity

of SBCs due to lower production costs associated with SBCs.

Apart from the MMD-1, a few popular historical SBCs are the following:

• BBC Micro was built around a MOS Technology 6502A processor

running at 2 MHz.

• Ferguson Big Board II was a Zilog Z80 based computer running

at 4MHz.

• Nascom was another Zilog Z80 based computer.

Popular SBC Families

Based on manufacturers and designers, SBCs are grouped into families, models, and

generations. A few popular SBC families are

• Raspberry Pi by Raspberry Pi Foundation

• Banana Pi and Banana Pro

• Intel Edison and Galileo

• Cubieboard

• Beaglebone and Beagleboard

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