ISO/IEC 33063:2015 - 软件测试过程评估模型

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"1SO IEC 33063:2015 Information technology - Process assessment - Process assessment model for software testing" 1SO/IEC 33063标准是国际标准化组织（ISO）与国际电工委员会（IEC）联合发布的一项关于软件测试过程评估的规范，旨在为软件测试过程提供一个全面的过程评估模型。该标准于2015年8月15日首次发布，共计75页，覆盖了软件测试过程评估的多个方面。标准的主要内容包括： 1. 范围：该标准定义了用于评估软件测试过程能力的模型，适用于任何希望改进其测试过程并量化过程能力的组织。 2. 引用标准：列出与本标准相关的其他技术参考，这些标准可能对理解和实施过程评估模型至关重要。 3. 术语和定义：定义了与软件测试过程评估相关的专业术语，确保所有参与者在交流和应用过程中有共同的理解。 4. 过程评估模型概述： - 一般介绍：概述了模型的基本目的和使用场景。 - 结构：模型由过程、过程维度和能力维度组成。 - 过程维度：描述了评估模型中的不同过程组，如组织测试过程和测试管理过程。 - 能力维度：定义了过程的不同能力级别，用于衡量过程的成熟度和性能。 5. 评估指标： - 概述：说明了如何通过评估指标来度量过程能力和性能。 - 过程能力指标：衡量过程在实现预期结果方面的效率和效果。 - 过程性能指标：关注过程在实际操作中的表现，如测试覆盖率、缺陷发现率等。 6. 测量过程能力：提供了详细的方法来量化过程的能力，包括如何根据过程维度和性能指标进行评估。 7. 过程维度和过程性能指标（级别1）： - 一般介绍：解释了不同级别的评估指标如何应用。 - 组织测试过程组和测试管理过程组：分别详述了这两个关键过程组的评估内容，包括各个子过程的定义和期望的结果。这个标准对于软件开发组织来说具有重要意义，因为它提供了一套结构化的方法来评估和改进软件测试流程，有助于提升测试的质量和效率，降低风险，并促进组织的持续改进。通过遵循1SO IEC 33063，组织可以更好地理解其测试过程的强项和弱点，从而制定有效的改进策略。

ISO/IEC

33063:2015(E)

The

process

performance

indicators

are:

Base practice (BP);

Work

product

(WP).

The

performance

base

practices (BPs) provides

indication of

the

extent

of achievement of

the

process

purpose

and

process

outcomes. Work

products

(WPs)

are

either

used

produced

(or both),

when

performing

the

process.

The

process

performance

and

process

capability

indicators

defined in

the

process

assessment

model

represent

types

of objective evidence

that

may

found in

instantiation

of a

process

and

therefore

could

used

judge achievement of capability.

Figure 3 shows

how

the

assessment

indicators

are

process

performance

and

process capability.

4.3.2

CAPABILITY

dimension

For

each

attribute

PA.1. 1

5.2

Level

Inn

ova

tin

g 12

attribu

tes

)

Level

dic

abl

e (2 attr

ibu

tes

)

- Level

3 Esta

bli

shed (2 attr

ibu

tes)

Level

naged (2 attributes)

Level

1 Perfo

attr

ibu

te)

----

Process

assessment

ocess

bility

assessment

evel 1 to 5)

ase

d on pro

cess

bili

ty indicator

- GP : Gene

ric

pra

- GR : Gene

c r

our

- G

WP:

Gene

c work product

Ampl,fication

for

Addit

ion

indi

cat

ors for

Leve

l 1 a

ssessme

ased

on p

rocess

rfo

indica

: Base practi

- WP:

Wor

k pro

---

------

PROCESS

Orga

zational

-----

. .

Test Process

-------~

dtmenston

Test Man

ageme

------

Proc

esses

-----~

---

Dynamic Test

----

Proc

esses

Static T

est

Processes

Figure 3 -

Assessment

indicators

Process capability indicators

The

three

types

process

capability

indicators

levels 1

are

identified in Figure 4. They

are

intended

applicable

all processes.

1SO/IEC

2015

-All

rights

reserved

poorest

Generic

resources

Capability

dimension

level 1-5

Process

attribute

achievement

- al...

- a2

Generic

acti

Generic

work

products

Figure 4 -

Process

capability indicators

ISO/IEC

33063:2015(E)

All

the

process

capability indicators

relate

the

process

attributes

defined in

the

capability dimension

the

process

assessment

model. They

represent

the

type

of evidence

that

would

support

judgments

the

extent

which

the

attributes

are

achieved. Evidence of

their

effective

performance

existence

supports

the

judgment

the

degree

of achievement of

the

attribute.

The generic practices

are

the

principal indicators of

process

capability.

The

generic

practice

(GP)

indicators

are

activities of a generic

type

and

provide guidance on

the

implementation

the

attribute's

characteristics.

They

support

the

achievement of

the

process

attribute

and

many

them

concern

management

practices, i.e. practices

that

are

established

support

the

process

performance

it is

characterized

level

During

the

evaluation of

process

capability,

the

primary

focus is on

the

performance

the

generic

practices. In general,

performance

of all generic practices is

expected

for full achievement of

the

process

attribute.

The

generic

resource

(GR)

indicators

are

associated

resources

that

may

used

when

performing

the

process

order

achieve

the

attribute.

These

resources

may include

human

resources, tools,

methods

and

infrastructure.

The availability of a

resource

indicates

the

potential

to fulfill

the

purpose

of a specific

attribute.

NOTE

The

assessor

should

interpret

the

generic

resources

according

the

process

assessed;

e.g. for

2.1

resources

(with

identified

objectives,

responsibilities

and

authorities),

assessor

would

look for roles

(with

identified

objectives,

responsibilities

and

authorities)

test

management

and

dynamic

test

processes,

but

for

organizational

processes

would

look for

governance

structures

(e.g.

mandated

committees,

positions)

with

identified

objectives,

responsibilities

and

authorities.

The

generic

work

product

(GWP)

indicators

are

sets

characteristics

that

would

expected

evident

work

products

of generic

types

result

achievement

attribute.

The generic

work

products

form

the

basis

for

the

classification of

the

work

products

defined

process

performance

indicators;

they

represent

basic

types

work

products

that

may

inputs

outputs

from all

types

process.

These

three

types

of indicators help to establish objective evidence of

the

extent

of achievement of

the

specified

process

attribute.

Due

the

fact

that

Level 1 capability of a

process

is only

characterized

the

measure

the

extent

which

the

process

purpose

is achieved,

the

process

performance

attribute

(PA.1.1)

has

a single generic

practice

indicator

(GP.l.1.1). In

order

support

the

assessment

PA.1.1

and

to amplify

the

process

poorest

ISO/IEC

33063:2015(E)

performance

achievement analysis, additional

process

performance

indicators

are

defined in

the

process

assessment

model.

4.3.3 Process performance indicators

There

are

two

types

process

performance

indicators;

base

practice (BP)

indicators

and

work

product

(WP) indicators. Process

performance

indicators

relate

to individual

processes

defined in

the

process

dimension of

the

process

assessment

model

and

are

chosen to explicitly

address

the

achievement of

the

defined

process

purpose.

Evidence of

performance

the

base

practices

and

the

presence

work

products

with

their

expected

work

product

characteristics

provide objective evidence of

the

achievement of

the

purpose

the

process.

base

practice is

activity

that

addresses

the

purpose

of a

particular

process. Consistently

performing

the

base

practices

associated

with

process

will help

the

consistent

achievement of its purpose.

coherent

set

base

practices is associated

with

each

process

the

process

dimension. The

base

practices

are

described

abstract

level, identifying "what" should

done

without

specifying "how".

Implementing

the

base

practices of a process should achieve

the

basic outcomes

that

reflect

the

process

purpose. Base practices

represent

only

the

first

step

in building process capability,

but

the

base

practices

represent

the

unique functional activities of

the

process, even if

that

performance

not

systematic.

The

performance

of a

process

produces

work

products

that

are

identifiable

and

usable in achieving

the

purpose

the

process. In

this

assessment

model, each

work

product

has

a defined

set

of example

work

product

characteristics

that

may

used

when

reviewing

the

work

product

assess

the

effective

performance

of a process. Work

product

characteristics

may be

used

to identify

the

corresponding

work

roduct

produced/used

the

assessed

organization.

Clause 5

contains

a complete

description

the

processes, including

the

base

practices

and

the

associated

work

products.

C.1

contains

a list of generic

work

products

together

with

the

work

product

characteristics.

C.2

contains

a complete

list

of specific

work

products,

with

the

generic

work

products

for completeness.

Similar

the

concept of

modularity

in object orientation,

the

shared

characteristics

of a

group

work

products

have

been

extracted

into a generic

work

product. An

assessor

would

refer

both

the

specific

work

product

and

the

generic

work

product

the

context

the

specific

work

product

when

performing

assessment.

4.4

Measuring

process

capability

The

process

performance

and

process

capability indicators in

this

model give examples of evidence

that

assessor

might

obtain

observe, in

the

performance

assessment.

The evidence

obtained

the

assessment

can

mapped

onto

the

set

of indicators

enable

correlation

between

the

implemented

process

and

the

processes

defined in

this

assessment

model.

These indicators provide guidance for

assessors

in accumulating

the

necessary

objective evidence

support

judgments

of capability. They

are

not

intended

to be

regarded

as a

mandatory

set

of checklists

followed.

indicator

is defined

objective

characteristic

of a

base

practice

work

product

that

supports

the

judgment

the

performance

capability of

implemented

process. The

assessment

indicators

and

their

relationship to

process

performance

and

process

capability

are

shown

in Figure 5.

Assessment indicators

are

used

to confirm

that

certain

practices

were

performed, as

shown

observable

evidence collected

during

assessment.

All

such evidence comes

either

from

the

examination of

work

products

and/or

from

statements

made

the

performers

and

managers

the

processes.

ISO

/!EC

2015

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rights

reserved

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