JavaScript与Ajax入门指南 - 2010版

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"《2010年Ajax与JavaScript - JavaScript & Ajax for Dummies》是A.Harris在2010年出版的一本面向初学者的技术书籍，旨在帮助读者理解和掌握JavaScript和Ajax技术。该书提供了包括检查列表、图表、常见指令等在内的各种学习资源，以直观易懂的方式教授复杂的Web开发概念。Dummies.com网站提供了更多的学习资源，如视频、图解文章、逐步指南，甚至有月度抽奖活动。读者还可以订阅新闻，获取数字摄影、个人金融、健康养生、计算机技术等领域的一周资讯。特别地，该书还附带了一个专门为此书创建的CheatSheet，可以在www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/javascriptandajax找到。" 在《JavaScript®&AJAX For Dummies®》这本书中，作者A.Harris深入浅出地介绍了JavaScript和Ajax这两个关键的Web开发技术。JavaScript是一种广泛应用于网页和应用程序的编程语言，它允许网页动态更新内容而无需刷新页面，极大地提升了用户体验。Ajax（Asynchronous JavaScript and XML）则是一种使用JavaScript实现局部刷新的技术，通过后台与服务器异步交换数据并局部更新页面。书中可能涵盖了以下JavaScript和Ajax的知识点： 1. **JavaScript基础**：包括变量、数据类型、控制结构（如条件语句和循环）、函数、对象和数组等基本概念。 2. **DOM操作**：讲解如何使用JavaScript来操作文档对象模型（DOM），以改变网页元素的样式、内容和结构。 3. **事件处理**：介绍如何响应用户的交互，如点击、滚动或表单提交，以及如何添加和处理事件监听器。 4. **Ajax核心概念**：包括XMLHttpRequest对象的使用，理解异步通信的过程，以及如何发送和接收数据。 5. **JSON与XML**：解释如何使用这两种数据格式进行Ajax通信，尽管XML在标题中提及，但实际应用中JSON更为流行。 6. **Ajax库和框架**：可能讨论了jQuery等流行的JavaScript库，它们简化了Ajax调用和DOM操作。 7. **错误处理和调试**：教授如何识别和解决JavaScript和Ajax代码中的问题，以及如何使用开发者工具进行调试。 8. **性能优化**：讨论如何优化Ajax请求，减少延迟，提高用户体验，比如使用缓存和批量处理请求。 9. **跨域安全**：解释同源策略及其对Ajax请求的影响，以及如何通过JSONP或CORS等方法实现跨域通信。 10. **现代Web技术集成**：可能涉及HTML5的新特性，如Web Storage、WebSocket或Web Workers，这些都与Ajax有密切关系。通过阅读《JavaScript & Ajax for Dummies》，无论是完全的新手还是有一定经验的开发者，都能系统地学习到JavaScript和Ajax的基础知识，并能将这些技术应用到实际的Web开发项目中，提升网站的互动性和用户体验。此外，书中提供的CheatSheet将是一个非常实用的速查工具，方便快速查找和回顾关键知识点。

JavaScript & AJAX For Dummies

xiv

It’s a wrap............................................................................................289

Alternating styles ...............................................................................290

Resetting the page .............................................................................290

More fun with selectors and  lters ..................................................291

Chapter 12: Using the jQuery User Interface Toolkit. . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

Looking Over the ThemeRoller ..................................................................294

Visiting the Theme Park .............................................................................296

Wanna Drag? Dragging and Dropping Elements ......................................297

Downloading the Library ............................................................................300

Resizing on a Theme ...................................................................................301

Examining the HTML and standard CSS..........................................304

Importing  les ....................................................................................304

Making a resizable element ..............................................................305

Adding themes to your elements .....................................................305

Adding an icon ...................................................................................308

Dragging, Dropping, and Calling Back .......................................................309

Building the basic page .....................................................................312

Initializing the page............................................................................312

Handling the drop ..............................................................................314

Dropping out can be fun ...................................................................315

Cloning the elements .........................................................................315

Chapter 13: Improving Usability with jQuery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

Multi-Element Designs ................................................................................317

Using the Accordion widget .............................................................318

Building a tabbed interface ..............................................................322

Using tabs with AJAX.........................................................................325

Improving Usability .....................................................................................327

The dating game .................................................................................329

Picking numbers with the slider ......................................................331

Selectable elements ...........................................................................333

Building a sortable list ...................................................................... 335

Creating a custom dialog box ...........................................................336

Chapter 14: Working with AJAX Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

Getting an Overview of Server-Side Programming ..................................339

Introducing PHP .................................................................................340

Writing a form for PHP processing ..................................................341

Responding to the request ...............................................................344

Sending Requests AJAX-Style .....................................................................345

Sending the data ................................................................................346

Responding to the results .................................................................348

Building a More Interactive Form .............................................................349

Creating an AJAX form ......................................................................350

Writing the JavaScript code .............................................................352

Processing the result .........................................................................353

Simplifying PHP for AJAX ..................................................................353

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Table of Contents

Working with XML Data ..............................................................................354

Review of XML ....................................................................................354

Manipulating XML with jQuery ........................................................356

Creating the HTML .............................................................................358

Retrieving the data ............................................................................ 358

Processing the results .......................................................................358

Printing out the pet name .................................................................359

Working with JSON Data .............................................................................360

Understanding JSON ..........................................................................360

Reading JSON data with jQuery .......................................................362

Managing the framework ..................................................................364

Retrieving the JSON data ..................................................................364

Processing the results .......................................................................365

Part IV: The Part of Tens ........................................... 367

Chapter 15: Ten Amazing jQuery Plugins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369

Using the Plugins .........................................................................................369

ipwEditor ......................................................................................................370

Adding a basic editor with editable.................................................370

Incorporating more advanced editing with FCKedit .....................373

jQuery Cookies .............................................................................................376

 ot ..................................................................................................................378

Tag Cloud ......................................................................................................380

Tablesorter ...................................................................................................383

Jquery-translate ........................................................................................... 385

Droppy ..........................................................................................................388

galleria ...........................................................................................................390

Jmp3 ..............................................................................................................393

Chapter 16: Ten Great Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397

jQuery PHP library ......................................................................................397

JSAN — JavaScript Archive Network ........................................................397

W3Schools tutorials and examples ...........................................................398

Google AJAX APIs ........................................................................................398

A ax ...............................................................................................................398

MochiKit .......................................................................................................398

Dojo ...............................................................................................................399

Ext JS .............................................................................................................399

YUI ................................................................................................................399

DZone ............................................................................................................ 399

Index ....................................................................... 401

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Introduction

he World Wide Web officially celebrated its 20th birthday as I began writ-

ing this book. In one sense, it’s hard to believe that the technology has

been around this long already. At another level, it’s amazing how much has

happened in that short time. When I started teaching and writing about the

Internet (long before the Web was practical), none of us had any idea what it

was going to turn into one day.

If you’re reading this book, I don’t have to tell you that the Web is a big deal.

It’s come a long way, and it’s doing very interesting things. What I want to

show in this book is where the Web is going. Web technology is changing

faster than ever, and people who don’t understand these changes are going

to have a hard time staying on top of things.

In the early days of the Web, we talked about Web pages, as if the Internet

were a set of ordinary documents connected by links. This was true (and still

is largely), but I don’t think that’s the best way to think of the Web any more.

Today’s Web is not about documents, but about applications. Users and

developers expect their pages to do things, not just be glorified documents.

This book describes two critical and inter-related technologies: JavaScript

and AJAX. JavaScript has been a part of the Web since the relatively early

days. It is a simple but powerful programming language that was designed

from the beginning to work within the context of a Web document. While

JavaScript has been with us for a long time, it has recently seen a resurgence

of interest in the form of AJAX. This new technology promises a lot of cool

things, but it’s still rooted in the heritage of JavaScript and HTML.

The great thing about JavaScript and AJAX is the amount of power they give

you. If you already know HTML or XHTML, you know how to create Web doc-

uments, but those documents are relatively lifeless and static.

JavaScript is a real programming language, and it allows you to add real pro-

gramming capabilities to your pages. If you’ve never programmed before,

this is a great place to start. JavaScript is a pleasant and relatively easy lan-

guage for beginners. It uses the familiar Web page as a user interface, which

makes it an easy way to develop forms and user interfaces. If you’re already

a programmer, you’ll find that your previous knowledge extends easily to

JavaScript, and you’ll be fluent in this skill in no time.

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JavaScript & AJAX For Dummies

AJAX extends the capabilities of JavaScript in new ways that are still being

explored. In one sense, the AJAX libraries assist in creating great user experi-

ences with new interface elements like menus and sliders. In another sense,

AJAX allows some very important features like the ability to perform client-

side includes (a very handy tool for making your pages more efficient) and

direct control of server-side scripts.

If you read this entire book, you’ll be able to do amazing things with your

Web pages. You’ll be able to get input from users, test the validity of user

input, animate your pages, and interact with Web servers.

What You Will Need

One of the great things about JavaScript is how easy it is to get into. You

don’t need a whole lot to get started:

✓ Any computer will do. If your computer is relatively recent (it can run

Firefox or Safari, for example), you have enough horsepower for Web

development. Netbooks are fine, too. Theoretically you could do Web

development on a cell phone, but I wouldn’t want to do it for long.

✓ Any operating system is fine. I wrote this book on a combination of

Windows XP and Fedora Core Linux machines. Most of the programs I

recommend have versions for Windows, Mac, and Linux.

✓ All the best tools are free. Don’t bother purchasing any expensive soft-

ware for Web development. All the tools you need are free. You don’t

need a fancy editor like DreamWeaver or expressionWeb. While these

tools have their place, they aren’t necessary. Everything I show in this

book uses entirely free tools.

✓ No programming experience is necessary. If you already know com-

puter programming in some other language, you’ll have no trouble with

JavaScript and AJAX. But if you have never programmed at all before,

this is a great place to start. If you’re already a programmer, JavaScript

is a pretty easy language to pick up. If not, it’s a great place to start. I’m

expecting you have some familiarity with XHTML and CSS, and you know

how to get your Web pages to a server. (See my book HTML, XHTML,

and CSS All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies if you want more infor-

mation on these topics.) I’ve also added two bonus chapters to the Web

site: one on HTML and XHTML, and another on CSS. See them at www.

aharrisbooks.net/jad and www.dummies.com/go/javascript

andajaxfd if you need a refresher.

So what do you need? Imagination, perseverance, and a little bit of time.

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