
Acknowledgments
This book would not have been possible without the EKV MOS model that provides predictions of
MOS performance in weak, moderate, and strong inversion with the clarity and simplicity needed to
guide the designer. I am indebted to Christian Enz, Eric Vittoz, Francois Krummenacher, Matthias
Bucher, Wladek Grabinski, and everyone involved in the development of the EKV model, along with
Daniel Foty who first introduced me to this model. Additionally, I am indebted to Christian Enz
and Eric Vittoz for introducing me to the MOS inversion factor or inversion coefficient, which is
fundamental to the material contained in this book.
The field of MOS modeling and analog circuit design rests on an extensive and rich history. Although
I have included several hundred references to the work of others, mostly in Chapter 3, I was unable to
cite all the previous work of others. If I missed citing a key work, please feel free to let me know and
I will include the citation in a possible second edition of this book.
I am grateful for the personal encouragement and ideas of Christian Enz and Yannis Tsividis. I
am also grateful to Helmut Graeb and Ulf Schlichtmann for hosting me during the final months of
this work at the Institute for Electronic Design Automation at the Technical University of Munich.
Through a variety of discussions, I have gained an appreciation for the connections between MOS
modeling, analog circuit design, and electronic design automation.
I will always be grateful to Ron Nutt, Terry Douglass, Kelly Milam, and Mike Crabtree who led
the commercial development of PET medical imaging at CTI PET Systems. After over 20 years of
dedicated work, PET did become the clinical reality envisioned by these remarkable individuals and
is now used for the biological imaging of cancer, heart, brain, and other disorders around the world.
It was the complex front-end electronic requirements in PET medical imaging that led Jim Rochelle,
Brian Swann, Mike Paulus, Scott Puckett, and me to become engaged in analog CMOS design. Many
thanks to Ron Nutt for taking a chance on a small design group at a small company that ventured
into analog CMOS design. This was only possible because of the depth of knowledge and inspiration
the design group received earlier from T. Vaughn Blalock, Ed Kennedy, and Jim Rochelle at the
University of Tennessee in Knoxville. The design group was also supported by Clif Moyers and Mike
Casey at CTI PET Systems and by an extended community of designers that included Chuck Britton,
Mike Simpson, Nance Ericson, Alan Wintenberg, and Lloyd Clonts at the nearby Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. I am also grateful to Robert Nutt, Rhonda Goble, and Stefan Siegel who led the commercial
development of small-animal PET imaging at Concorde Microsystems. Both CTI PET Systems and
Concorde Microsystems are now part of Siemens, which continues to advance the life-saving mission
of PET medical imaging.
I will always remember with fondness the years that Jim Rochelle and I worked side by side at
CTI PET Systems and Concorde Microsystems, and I was fortunate to receive so much thoughtful
mentoring from Jim. I know industry designers reading this know of the countless design hours, all-
night work, and excitement that Jim and I experienced releasing integrated circuits containing analog
CMOS circuits. Jim also introduced analog CMOS design to me and others earlier at the University
of Tennessee and was my PhD advisor.