深度学习硬件比较:GPU、FPGA、ASIC与DSP的效能解析

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本文档主要探讨了机器学习(Machine Learning)领域的最新进展,特别是深度学习硬件的发展和应用。标题中的"剖析用于深度学习的硬件:GPU、FPGA、ASIC和DSP"揭示了主要内容的核心焦点,涵盖了不同类型的硬件在深度学习中的角色。 1. **GPU**:NVIDIA的 Titan X被提及作为训练深度学习模型的理想选择,因其强大的计算能力和能效。然而,随着对效能和能耗的要求提高,NVIDIA正开发更高效的产品如Tegra TX1和TX2,以及DrivePX,这些设备旨在提供更高的性能密度,尽管它们的能耗和计算需求相应增加。 2. **FPGA**:FPGA在神经网络应用中的研究已有十年历史,如nn-X设计展示了惊人的性能,但存在利用率低和内存带宽需求高的问题。尽管如此,FPGA因其可编程特性,仍然在深度学习领域保持着灵活性和适应性。 3. **ASIC**:定制化系统-on-a-chip (SoC) 是另一种趋势,它们提供比FPGA更高的性能,尤其是在特定结构中。SoC的集成使得硬件定制更加高效,适用于特定的应用场景。 4. **DSP**:尽管历史悠久,DSP最初主要用于矩阵算法,但在深度学习中尚未展现出与GPU相当的性能。这表明在当前环境下,专门针对深度学习优化的硬件架构更为关键。 5. **常用框架**:根据2017年的研究,TensorFlow已成为机器学习研究中最受欢迎的框架,超过了Caffe。同时,卷积神经网络模型(ConvNet)中的ResNet表现出强劲的增长势头,而优化算法Adam也在研究论文中占据主导地位。 6. **研究趋势**:过去一年,机器学习研究的核心创新集中在ResNets(残差网络)、GANs(生成对抗网络)以及深度学习的其他前沿技术上,这些成果对推动行业发展起到了关键作用。 通过本文的梳理,我们可以看出,深度学习硬件的选择和优化对于提升机器学习效率至关重要,同时框架和算法的发展也是驱动研究进步的重要驱动力。理解这些趋势有助于开发者和研究人员选择最适合自己的技术和平台,以应对日益复杂的深度学习任务。
2016-02-25 上传
About This Book Fully-coded working examples using a wide range of machine learning libraries and tools, including Python, R, Julia, and Spark Comprehensive practical solutions taking you into the future of machine learning Go a step further and integrate your machine learning projects with Hadoop Who This Book Is For This book has been created for data scientists who want to see Machine learning in action and explore its real-world applications. Knowledge of programming (Python and R) and mathematics is advisable if you want to get started immediately. What You Will Learn Implement a wide range of algorithms and techniques for tackling complex data Get to grips with some of the most powerful languages in data science, including R, Python, and Julia Harness the capabilities of Spark and Mahout used in conjunction with Hadoop to manage and process data successfully Apply the appropriate Machine learning technique to address a real-world problem Get acquainted with deep learning and find out how neural networks are being used at the cutting edge of Machine learning Explore the future of Machine learning and dive deeper into polyglot persistence, semantic data, and more Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction to Machine learning Chapter 2. Machine learning and Large-scale datasets Chapter 3. An Introduction to Hadoop's Architecture and Ecosystem Chapter 4. Machine Learning Tools, Libraries, and Frameworks Chapter 5. Decision Tree based learning Chapter 6. Instance and Kernel Methods Based Learning Chapter 7. Association Rules based learning Chapter 8. Clustering based learning Chapter 9. Bayesian learning Chapter 10. Regression based learning Chapter 11. Deep learning Chapter 12. Reinforcement learning Chapter 13. Ensemble learning Chapter 14. New generation data architectures for Machine learning
2015-04-22 上传
Title: R Machine Learning Essentials Author: Michele Usuelli Length: 218 pages Edition: 1 Language: English Publisher: Packt Publishing Publication Date: 2014-11-25 ISBN-10: 178398774X ISBN-13: 9781783987740 Gain quick access to the machine learning concepts and practical applications using the R development environment About This Book Build machine learning algorithms using the most powerful tools in R Identify business problems and solve them by developing effective solutions Hands-on tutorial explaining the concepts through lots of practical examples, tips and tricks Who This Book Is For If you want to learn how to develop effective machine learning solutions to your business problems in R, this book is for you. It would be helpful to have a bit of familiarity with basic object-oriented programming concepts, but no prior experience is required. In Detail R Machine Learning Essentials provides you with an introduction to machine learning with R. Machine learning finds its applications in speech recognition, search-based operations, and artificial intelligence, among other things. You will start off by getting an introduction to what machine learning is, along with some examples to demonstrate the importance in understanding the basic ideas of machine learning. This book will then introduce you to R and you will see that it is an influential programming language that aids effective machine learning. You will learn the three steps to build an effective machine learning solution, which are exploring the data, building the solution, and validating the results. The book will demonstrate each step, highlighting their purpose and explaining techniques related to them. By the end of this book, you will be able to use the machine learning techniques effectively, identify business problems, and solve them by applying appropriate solutions. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Transforming Data into Actions Chapter 2. R – A Powerful Tool for Developing Machine Learning Algorithms Chapter 3. A Simple Machine Learning Analysis Chapter 4. Step 1 – Data Exploration and Feature Engineering Chapter 5. Step 2 – Applying Machine Learning Techniques Chapter 6. Step 3 – Validating the Results Chapter 7. Overview of Machine Learning Techniques Chapter 8. Machine Learning Examples Applicable to Businesses