.NET实用代码生成：Visual Studio 2005-2010实践指南

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".NET实用代码生成：Practical_Code_Generation_in_NET是一本专为.NET开发人员编写的指南，涵盖了Visual Studio® 2005、2008和2010版本的内容。作者Peter Vogel以其丰富的经验和深入理解，向读者展示了如何在.NET平台上高效地利用代码生成技术。本书主题聚焦于实践应用，旨在帮助开发者提升代码质量，提高开发效率，同时探讨了自动化工具在项目中的角色，包括代码模板、反射和代码生成库的使用。书中详细介绍了以下关键知识点： 1. **Visual Studio集成支持**：书中涵盖了Visual Studio不同版本的特性，说明了如何利用这些IDE的强大功能来自动化代码生成过程，例如自动生成控制器、视图、以及ORM映射等。 2. **代码模板**：介绍了如何创建和使用代码模板，这是一种快速生成符合特定设计模式或架构的代码片段的方式，可以节省大量重复劳动。 3. **反射API**：讲解了如何通过.NET的反射机制动态创建、修改和执行代码，这对于根据运行时条件生成代码非常有用。 4. **代码生成库**：推荐了一些常用的.NET代码生成库，如T4模板（Text Template Transformation Toolkit）、CodeSmith和NSubstitute，以及它们各自的优缺点和适用场景。 5. **最佳实践与注意事项**：书中还强调了代码生成时的潜在问题，如性能影响、代码可维护性、以及如何避免生成过复杂的逻辑，确保生成的代码易于理解和调试。 6. **版权和免责声明**：书中的内容遵循版权法，制造商和卖家可能对某些产品名称有商标保护，使用时应尊重知识产权。此外，作者和出版商对书中信息的准确性不承担明示或暗示的保证，也不对因使用书中的信息或程序导致的偶然或间接损失负责。 7. **批量购买优惠**：出版社提供针对批量购买或定制封面和内容的折扣，适用于企业培训、市场推广和品牌定制的需求。 Practical_Code_Generation_in_NET是一本实用的参考书籍，为.NET开发者提供了强大的工具和技术，助其在日常开发工作中实现代码生成的自动化，从而提高生产力并优化代码结构。"

Foreword xv

As our abstractions get closer to our problem space, as opposed to being

merely reﬁnements in the solution space, we’re inevitably going to use more

granular, more fragmented tools that are specialized for the task at hand.

Alongside a gradual easing of the difﬁculty of building such tools, we have

the ingredients for a productivity explosion, driven by the creation of small

tools to help with the distinct tasks in our day-to-day jobs. Unix command-

line developers have known this truth since the 1980s with their chaining of

small scripts; now it’s becoming a reality for the IDE generation.

Whether your design-time metadata is a simple list of settings and

their default values in Visual Studio, or the set of tables and stored proce-

dures to be accessed in your relational database, there’s ample opportuni-

ty for using that data to generate reliable code that conforms to proven pat-

terns. Look for metadata that’s already present in your application design,

and surface it to drive tools. Look for repetitive patterns in your code and

determine which pieces are ﬁxed and where the variability is. Make creat-

ing tools and increasing task repeatability part of your normal approach to

problem solving to ease your working life.

Once these skills are within your everyday comfort zone, your produc-

tivity will get a boost and your value to your team will increase. Spreading

the use of such tools to make your peers more productive is an important

step in the transition of our industry from one dominated by software arti-

sans to one driven by engineering practices that provide predictable results

at scale.

I encourage you to add the techniques outlined in this book to your

toolset and to use them to develop your own workbench of generative

tools. In doing so, I’m conﬁdent you’ll improve your capabilities, and what’s

more, have fun doing so.

—Gareth Jones,

Developer Architect, Visual Studio

Issaquah, WA

March 2010

xvi

REFACE

Whenever you’re looking at buying a book, it seems to me there’s only one

question that should be asked: “Why should I invest my hard-earned

money in this book?”

This book is designed to make you, as a software developer, more pro-

ductive. It does that by giving you all the tools you need to incorporate

code generation into your standard development practices. Why would you

buy this book? Because letting Visual Studio and .NET write the boring

code lets you work on the important stuff.

All the code-generation tools you need are already available to you

because you’re already using code generation. As soon as you start working

in .NET and any version of Visual Studio, an enormous amount of code is

being created for you. For instance, if you’ve ever created a DataSet then

you’ve been using a Visual Studio custom tool that generates the code class

ﬁle for your DataSet—and that’s just some of the code that’s easy to see.

There’s a great deal more generated code hidden away where you can’t ﬁnd

it. In addition to making you more productive, those code-generation tools

have taken over creating some of the repetitious and error-prone parts of

building applications, thereby also increasing the quality of your code. The

next step is for you to start using those tools to create solutions that you—

rather than the .NET team—want solved.

But the problem is that there is no single point of reference for this

material. Code generation requires several tools, and there is no one place

where all those tools are discussed. And, even when you ﬁnd resources for

those tools, a comprehensive reference that shows you how to apply them

is missing. So part of the answer to the question “Should I buy this book?”

is that the book provides “one-stop shopping” for all the tools you need to

implement code generation. I’ve put all the tools in one book and covered

all the parts of each tool that are relevant to code generation.

I’ve been building Visual Studio add-ins that created code for me since

.NET 1.1. As I worked with various clients, I found that they were also

adopting code-generation solutions—and I got to help them do it. So, in this

Preface xvii

book, I wanted to show how those tools could be used in a practical way—

and how they would work together. As a result, almost a third of this book

is taken up with three case studies that show how to coordinate these tools

to create useful, reliable code-generation solutions for common problems.

To put it another way: I wrote this book because I believe that the

code-generation tools built into .NET and Visual Studio 2005/2008/2010

will make you a better, more productive developer. And I believe that more

developers would develop more code-generation solutions if the tools were

more accessible to them.

And, of course, I wrote this book because it’s cool technology. Several

years ago, I stumbled across a great quote from Dick Sites (one of the

designers of Digital Equipment Corporation’s Alpha architecture): “I’d

rather write programs that help me write programs than write programs.”

That seemed right.

One caveat: If you’re looking for a book that shows you how to create

enormous frameworks that will generate thousands of lines of code from a

single XML document that describes an application—this is not that book.

Certainly, all the tools you’ll need are in here, but that’s not my focus. I

don’t want to describe how to spend three years building your very own

“application generator.” Instead, I want to give you the tools that will let

you solve a problem in your life and do it in a morning—a solution that

you’ll never have to think about again because it will just work.

The ﬁrst case study in this book (in Chapter 9) is a good example: This

solution generates a class that simpliﬁes access to the connection strings

speciﬁed in the

connectionStrings element. It took me about a morning to

write, it works in every application, it reduces the amount of code I write,

and it eliminates errors in my applications. The second case study (Chapter

10) is similarly focused: It generates the code for an ASP.NET validator

that checks that data entered by the user is a valid entry in a table. Like my

connection string generator, this is something I use in almost every

ASP.NET application I write. The ﬁnal case study (Chapter 11) took a full

day to write, but it allows nonprogrammers to use a visual designer to gen-

erate the code necessary to integrate their software into one of my appli-

cations—and to do it reliably and without requiring my intervention.

Here’s a breakdown of the topics covered in this book:

■ Chapter 1, “Introducing Code Generation,” is the “theory and prac-

tice” chapter. It discusses the structure of code-generation solutions

and covers best practices in architecting solutions.

■ Chapter 2, “Integrating with Visual Studio,” gives you enough infor-

mation about creating Visual Studio add-ins for you to integrate

code generation into your standard activities. The connection string

generator, for instance, generates code whenever the developer

closes the web.conﬁg ﬁle; the validator example generates code

whenever the developer closes an .aspx ﬁle containing a speciﬁc tag.

■ Chapter 3, “Manipulating Project Components,” covers the objects

and methods that you need to add (or remove) components to a

project: code ﬁles, folders, and so on.

■ Chapter 4, “Modifying Code in the Editor,” gives you the tools you

need to insert text into ﬁles. This allows you to generate code using

any tool you want (even standard string-handling functions) and

then insert that code into a ﬁle in your project.

■ Chapter 5, “Supporting Project-Speciﬁc Features,” provides sup-

port for working with speciﬁc types of projects: C#, Visual Basic, and

ASP.NET websites. Each of these project types have special fea-

tures that aren’t available through the objects covered in Chapter 4.

■ Chapter 6, “Generating Language-Neutral Code,” contains full cov-

erage of the CodeDom, which allows you to generate code without

having to commit to producing Visual Basic or C# until it’s time to

insert text into ﬁles.

■ Chapter 7, “Generating Code from Templates with T4,” covers a

new technology in .NET: Text Template Transformation Toolkit

(T4), which uses a template-based approach to code generation that

reduces the amount of code required in a solution.

■ Chapter 8, “Other Tools: Templates, Attributes, and Custom Tools,”

has three technologies you can use in creating code-generation solu-

tions: Visual Studio templates, attributes, and custom tools. Visual

Studio templates reduce the code that must be generated from your

code; attributes provide a way for developers to insert information

into a ﬁle to specify the code to be generated; custom tools are

standalone programs that, when associated with a ﬁle, read the ﬁle’s

contents and create a ﬁle of generated code.

■ Chapter 9, “Case Study: Generating a Connection String Manager,”

Chapter 10, “Case Study: Generating Validation Code,” and

Chapter 11, “Case Study: Generating Data-Conversion Code,” are

the three case studies included in this book.

xviii Preface

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