Apache HTTP Server 2.2文档详解

httpd-docs-2.2.2.en

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"Apache HTTP Server Documentation Version 2.2，由Apache Software Foundation在2006年6月30日发布。这份文档是基于XML源文件通过XSLT转换成PDF格式，利用了Apache Ant、Apache XML Xalan和Apache XML Xerces等工具。由于HTML版本的文档在开发过程中更常被检查，因此PDF版本可能包含一些错误和不一致性，特别是在格式方面。若遇到阅读困难，建议查阅Apache HTTP Server官网的HTML版本文档。该文档由Apache HTTP Server Documentation Project维护，更多详情可访问http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/。" Apache HTTP Server 2.2.2文档主要涵盖了以下几个方面的知识点： 1. **发行说明**：这部分内容通常会列出新版本的主要改进、新功能、已知问题以及从旧版本升级的注意事项。例如，1.1章节可能会详细解释如何从2.0版本平滑地迁移到2.2版本，包括配置更改、模块更新以及可能的兼容性问题。 2. **升级指南**：对于从2.0到2.2的升级，开发者和管理员需要了解哪些配置选项已被废弃，哪些新选项或功能被引入，以及如何调整服务器设置以确保服务的稳定性和安全性。这部分可能还会包含升级过程中的最佳实践和步骤。 3. **模块参考**：Apache HTTP Server的核心功能是由一系列模块组成的，每个模块都有特定的职责，如处理请求、管理日志、实现身份验证等。文档会详细介绍每个模块的功能、配置指令以及如何启用和禁用它们。 4. **配置指令**：Apache HTTP Server的配置文件（通常为httpd.conf）包含了许多指令，用于定义服务器的行为。文档将列出所有可用的指令，解释其作用、语法和默认值，帮助管理员定制服务器行为。 5. **URL重写和RewriteEngine**：这部分可能详细讲解如何使用mod_rewrite模块进行URL重写，这是Apache的一个强大功能，允许根据预定义的规则改变请求的URL，常用于SEO优化和内部路径管理。 6. **安全和身份验证**：Apache提供了多种方法来保护Web资源，如基本认证、摘要认证和SSL/TLS加密。这部分将解释如何设置这些机制，以确保数据的安全传输和用户身份验证。 7. **性能调优**：文档可能会提供关于如何优化服务器性能的建议，包括设置多线程、调整缓存策略、限制并发连接数等。 8. **错误处理和日志记录**：Apache HTTP Server的日志系统允许记录各种类型的信息，包括访问日志、错误日志等。这部分会讲解如何配置日志格式、级别和存储位置。 9. **虚拟主机**：Apache支持在同一台服务器上托管多个网站，这称为虚拟主机。文档会阐述如何配置虚拟主机，包括基于名称的和基于IP的虚拟主机。 10. **模块开发**：对于开发者来说，了解如何创建自定义模块也是重要的，这涉及到Apache的API和模块开发流程。 11. **故障排查**：文档通常会包含一个故障排查部分，列出常见问题及其解决方案，帮助用户快速定位和解决遇到的问题。 Apache HTTP Server 2.2.2的文档不仅是一个技术参考，也是管理和维护Web服务器的重要资源，它提供了丰富的信息，帮助用户充分利用这个强大的开源Web服务器平台。

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8 CHAPTER 1. RELEASE NOTES

Module Enhancements

MOD SSL New module in Apache 2.0. This module is an interface to the SSL/TLS encryption protocols provided by

OpenSSL.

MOD DAV New module in Apache 2.0. This module implements the HTTP Distributed Authoring and Versioning

(DAV) speciﬁcation for posting and maintaining web content.

MOD DEFLATE New module in Apache 2.0. This module allows supporting browsers to request that content be

compressed before delivery, saving network bandwidth.

MOD AUTH LDAP New module in Apache 2.0.41. This module allows an LDAP database to be used to store cre-

dentials for HTTP Basic Authentication. A companion module, MOD LDAP provides connection pooling and

results caching.

MOD AUTH DIGEST Includes additional support for session caching across processes using shared memory.

MOD CHARSET LITE New module in Apache 2.0. This experimental module allows for character set translation or

recoding.

MOD FILE CACHE New module in Apache 2.0. This module includes the functionality of mod mmap static in

Apache 1.3, plus adds further caching abilities.

MOD HEADERS This module is much more ﬂexible in Apache 2.0. It can now modify request headers used by

MOD PROXY, and it can conditionally set response headers.

MOD PROXY The proxy module has been completely rewritten to take advantage of the new ﬁlter infrastructure

and to implement a more reliable, HTTP/1.1 compliant proxy. In addition, new <PROXY> conﬁguration

sections provide more readable (and internally faster) control of proxied sites; overloaded <Directory

"proxy:..."> conﬁguration are not supported. The module is now divided into speciﬁc protocol support

modules including proxy connect, proxy ftp and proxy http.

MOD NEGOTIATION A new FORCELANGUAGEPRIORITY directive can be used to assure that the client receives a

single document in all cases, rather than NOT ACCEPTABLE or MULTIPLE CHOICES responses. In addition,

the negotiation and MultiViews algorithms have been cleaned up to provide more consistent results and a new

form of type map that can include document content is provided.

MOD AUTOINDEX Autoindex’ed directory listings can now be conﬁgured to use HTML tables for cleaner formatting,

and allow ﬁner-grained control of sorting, including version-sorting, and wildcard ﬁltering of the directory

listing.

MOD INCLUDE New directives allow the default start and end tags for SSI elements to be changed and allow for

error and time format conﬁguration to take place in the main conﬁguration ﬁle rather than in the SSI document.

Results from regular expression parsing and grouping (now based on Perl’s regular expression syntax) can be

retrieved using MOD INCLUDE’s variables $0 .. $9.

MOD AUTH DBM Now supports multiple types of DBM-like databases using the AUTHDBMTYPE directive.

1.4. THE APACHE LICENSE, VERSION 2.0 9

1.4 The Apache License, Version 2.0

Apache License

Version 2.0, January 2004

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10 CHAPTER 1. RELEASE NOTES

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