Java TCP/IP Sockets实战指南

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"TCPIP Sockets in Java 实践程序员指南" 本书《TCPIP Sockets in Java 实践程序员指南》专注于讲解如何在Java环境中利用TCP/IP协议进行网络编程。TCP/IP套接字是网络通信的基础，Java提供了丰富的API来支持这一功能，使得开发者能够构建可靠的、高性能的网络应用。在Java中，TCP/IP套接字编程主要涉及到java.net包中的Socket和ServerSocket类。Socket类代表了客户端连接，而ServerSocket类用于监听和接受来自客户端的连接请求。通过这两个类，开发者可以实现客户端与服务器端之间的双向通信。 TCP是一种面向连接的、可靠的传输协议，它确保数据的顺序传输和错误检查。在Java中使用TCP套接字时，开发者需要创建ServerSocket实例，设置监听的端口号，并调用accept()方法等待客户端连接。一旦连接建立，客户端则创建Socket对象，并可以通过Socket对象的输入输出流进行数据交换。另一方面，UDP（User Datagram Protocol）是一种无连接的、不可靠的传输协议，适用于对实时性要求较高的应用场景。Java中的DatagramSocket和DatagramPacket类是用来处理UDP通信的。开发者需要创建DatagramSocket实例，然后发送和接收DatagramPacket对象。书中可能会涵盖以下关键知识点： 1. **网络概念基础**：介绍IP地址、端口号、DNS解析等网络基础知识。 2. **Java网络编程API**：详细解释Socket、ServerSocket、DatagramSocket和相关类的使用方法。 3. **异常处理**：网络通信中可能出现的异常，如SocketException、IOException等，以及如何优雅地处理这些异常。 4. **多线程编程**：服务器端通常需要同时处理多个客户端连接，因此会涉及多线程编程技术。 5. **阻塞与非阻塞I/O**：讨论Java NIO（New I/O）库，提供非阻塞I/O操作，提高性能和并发能力。 6. **安全性**：如何在套接字通信中使用SSL/TLS协议进行加密，确保数据的安全传输。 7. **实战示例**：提供实际的代码示例，帮助读者理解和应用所学知识。通过阅读本书，Java开发者不仅可以深入理解TCP/IP套接字的工作原理，还能学习到如何在实际项目中有效利用这些技术。无论是构建简单的文件传输服务，还是复杂的分布式系统，TCP/IP套接字都是不可或缺的工具。这本书将帮助读者提升在网络编程领域的专业技能，使他们能够编写出高效、稳定的网络应用程序。

List o f Tables

2.1 Example variable and class names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

5.1 Character class abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

7.1 Common comparison operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

11.1 Two threads in a race condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

13.1 Debugger commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

14.1 Environm ent variables used by Ruby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

15.1 irb command-line options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

17.1 Version oper ators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

18.1 Command-line options for erb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

21.1 C/Ruby data type conversion functions and macros . . . . . . . . . . . 266

22.1 General delimited input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

22.2 Substitutions in d ouble-quoted strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

22.3 Reserved words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

22.4 Ruby operator s (high to low precedence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

25.1 Deﬁnition of the safe levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

27.1 Class Array: pack directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

27.2 Class File: matc h-mode constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

27.3 Class File: pa th separators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

27.4 Class File: open-mode constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

27.5 Class File: lock-mode constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

27.6 Class IO: mo de strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

27.7 Module Kernel: sprintf ﬂag characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

27.8 Module Kernel: sprintf ﬁeld types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

27.9 Module Kernel: ﬁle tests with a single argum e nt . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

27.10 Module Kernel: ﬁle tests with two arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

27.11 Class Numeric: metho ds and subclasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

27.12 Class Numeric: divmod, modulo, a nd remainder . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

27.13 Class String: backslash sequences in substitution strings . . . . . . . . 593

27.14 Class String: unpack directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

27.15 Class Time: strftime directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

28.1 Class ERB: inline directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

28.2 Class OptionParser: option deﬁn itions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691

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List o f Figures

3.1 Variables hold object references. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.1 How arrays are in dexed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

8.1 Ruby exception hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

12.1 Roman numerals generation (with bugs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

12.2 Test::Unit assertions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

13.1 Sample irb session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

13.2 Comparing variable access costs using benchmark . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

16.1 Browse RDoc output for class counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

16.2 Browse RDoc output whe n source has c omments . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

16.3 Using r i to read documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

16.4 Document for class Proc generated by RDoc/ri . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

16.5 Ruby source ﬁle doc umented with RDoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

16.6 C source ﬁle documented with RDo c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

16.7 Sample program using RDoc::usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

16.8 Help generated by sample progr am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

17.1 MomLog pa c kage structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

18.1 Sample CGI Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

18.2 Erb processing a ﬁle with loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

19.1 Drawing on a Tk Canvas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

21.1 Wrapping objects around C data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

21.2 Building an extensio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

22.1 State transitions for boolean range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

24.1 A basic object, with its class and superclass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

24.2 Adding a metaclass to Guitar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

24.3 Adding a virtu al class to an object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

24.4 An included module and its prox y class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

27.1 Standard exception hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

27.2 Method#arity in action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

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Foreword to the

First Edition

Man is driven to create; I know I really love to create things. And while I’m not good

at painting, drawing , or music, I can write software.

Shortly after I was intr oduced to computers, I became interested in programming lan-

guages. I believed that an ideal programm ing language must be attainable, and I wanted

to be the desig ner of it. Later, after gaining some experience, I realized that this kin d of

ideal, all-purpose language might be more difﬁcult than I had thought. But I was still

hoping to design a language that would work for most of the job s I d id everyday. That

was my dream as a student.

Years later I talked with colleagues about scripting languages, their power and possi-

bility. As an object-orien te d fan for more than ﬁfteen years, it seemed to me that OO

programming was very suitable for scrip ting too. I did some research on the ’n et for a

while, but the candidates I f ound, Perl and Python, were not exactly what I was look-

ing for. I wanted a language mor e powerful than Perl and more object-oriented than

Python.

Then, I remembered m y old dream and decided to design my own language. At ﬁrst I

was just toying around with it at work. But gradually it gr ew to be a tool good enough

to replace Perl. I name d it R uby—after the precious red stone—and released it to the

public in 1995.

Since then a lot of people have b ecome interested in Rub y. Believe it or not, Ruby is

actually more popular than Python in Japan right now. I ho pe that eventually it will be

just as we ll received all over the world.

I believe that the purpose of life is, at least in part, to be happy. Based on this belief,

Ruby is designed to make programm ing not only easy but also fun. It allows you to

concentr ate on the creative side of pr ogrammin g, with less stress. If you don’t believe

me, read this book and try Ruby. I ’m sure you’ll ﬁnd out for yourself.

I’m very thankful to the people who have joined the Ruby community; they have helped

me a lot. I alm ost feel like Ruby is one of my children, but in fact, it is the result of the

Prepared exclusively for Yeganefar xvii

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