RTF1.7规范：跨平台富文本格式详解

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"RTFV1.7规范资料是关于富文本格式(Rich Text Format)的详细规范，旨在促进不同操作系统和应用程序之间的格式化文本和图形的兼容性转换。该规范适用于MS-DOS、Windows、Windows NT以及Apple Macintosh平台的应用程序。这份资料由Microsoft Technical Support发布，版本为1.7，内容涵盖了222页，更新日期为2001年8月，主要服务于Word 2002 RTF的解析和生成。" RTF规范1.7的核心内容包括以下几个方面： 1. **RTF语法**：定义了RTF的结构和语法规则，这是所有RTF读取器必须遵循的基础。RTF语法规定了如何编码文本、格式、颜色、字体和其他元素。 2. **RTF读者的约定**：描述了正确处理RTF文件时应遵守的一系列标准和行为，确保跨平台的兼容性。 3. **正式语法规则**：提供了RTF文件的正式描述，包括如何表示字符集、控制字、特殊字符等。 4. **RTF文件的内容**：RTF文件通常包含头信息、版本信息、字符集信息（特别是对Unicode的支持）、默认字体、字体表、文件表、颜色表、样式表、列表表格等多个部分。 5. **文件头**：文件头中包含了RTF版本号，这决定了文件的兼容性和处理方式。 6. **字符集与Unicode支持**：RTF规范1.7详细描述了如何处理多种字符集，尤其是Unicode的集成，使得多语言文档的交换成为可能。 7. **默认字体与字体表**：这部分详细列出了默认使用的字体，并解释了如何定义和引用自定义字体。 8. **文件表、颜色表、样式表和列表表格**：这些元素用于管理文档的结构和外观，如页面布局、段落样式、颜色设置和列表格式。 9. **段落和字符属性**：规范详细说明了如何定义和应用段落和字符级别的格式，如对齐方式、缩进、间距、字体大小和颜色。 10. **文档变量、书签和图片**：这些功能允许在文档中插入动态内容、定位和嵌入图像。 11. **对象、绘图对象和形状**：RTF 1.7支持包括Word 97到2002在内的对象插入，如图表、形状等，并详细描述了它们的RTF表示方式。 12. **脚注、注释（批注）和字段**：这些元素提供了文档中的附加信息和交互功能，如引用注解和自动更新的数据。 13. **表单字段**：RTF规范还包括了表单元素的创建和处理，允许数据的收集和交互。 14. **索引条目、目录条目**：规范了如何创建和管理文档的索引和目录，以方便查阅。 15. **双向语言支持**：RTF 1.7考虑到了阿拉伯语、希伯来语等从右到左书写的语言，提供适当的排版支持。 16. **远东语言支持**：为东亚语言如中文、日文、韩文等提供专门的编码和排版方案。通过RTF规范1.7，开发者和程序员能够理解并实现跨平台的富文本处理，确保不同软件间格式的一致性和互操作性。这对于任何涉及文本编辑、转换或解析的软件开发工作都是至关重要的。

Rich Text Format (RTF) Specification Page 16

Note that the file name can be any valid alphanumeric string for the named file system, indicating the complete

path and file name.

Control word Meaning

\filetbl

A list of documents referenced by the current document. The file table has a structure

analogous to the style or font table. This is a destination control word output as part of

the document header.

\file

Marks the beginning of a file group, which lists relevant information about the referenced

file. This is a destination control word.

\fidN

File ID number. Files are referenced later in the document using this number.

\frelativeN

The character position within the path (starting at 0) where the referenced file's path

starts to be relative to the path of the owning document. For example, if a document is

saved to the path C:\Private\Resume\File1.doc and its file table contains the path

C:\Private\Resume\Edu\File2.doc, then that entry in the file table will be \frelative18, to

point at the character "e" in "edu". This allows preservation of relative paths.

\fosnumN

Currently only filled in for paths from the Macintosh file system. It is an operating system–

specific number for identifying the file, which may be used to speed up access to the file

or find the file if it has been moved to another folder or disk. The Macintosh operating

system name for this number is the "file id." Additional meanings of the \fosnumN control

word may be defined for other file systems in the future.

\fvalidmac

Macintosh file system.

\fvaliddos

MS-DOS file system.

\fvalidntfs

NTFS file system.

\fvalidhpfs

HPFS file system.

\fnetwork

Network file system. This control word may be used in conjunction with any of the

previous file source control words.

\fnonfilesys

Indicates http/odma.

Color Table

The \colortbl control word introduces the color table group, which defines screen colors, character colors, and

other color information. The color table group has the following syntax:

'{' \colortbl <colordef>+ '}'

\red ? & \green ? & \blue ? ';'

The following are valid control words for this group.

Control word Meaning

\redN

Red index

\greenN

Green index

\blueN

Blue index

Each definition must be delimited by a semicolon, even if the definition is omitted. If a color definition is omitted,

the RTF reader uses its default color. The following example defines the default color table used by Word. The

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Rich Text Format (RTF) Specification Page 17

first color is omitted, as shown by the semicolon following the \colortbl control word. The missing definition

indicates that color 0 is the ‘’auto’’ color.

{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red2

55\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\

blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red

128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}

The foreground and background colors use indexes into the color table to define a color. For more information on

color setup, see your Windows documentation.

The following example defines a block of text in color (where supported). Note that the cf/cb index is the index of

an entry in the color table, which represents a red/green/blue color combination.

{\f1\cb1\cf2 This is colored text. The background is color

1 and the foreground is color 2.}

If the file is translated for software that does not display color, the reader ignores the color table group.

Style Sheet

The \stylesheet control word introduces the style sheet group, which contains definitions and descriptions of the

various styles used in the document. All styles in the document's style sheet can be included, even if not all the

styles are used. In RTF, a style is a form of shorthand used to specify a set of character, paragraph, or section

formatting.

The style sheet group has the following syntax:

'{' \stylesheet <style>+ '}'

<hidden>? <personal>? <compose>? <reply>? <styleid>? <semihidden>? <stylename>?

';' '}'

\s |\*\cs | \ds | \ts\tsrowd

'{' \keycode <keys> '}'

<keys>

( \shift? & \ctrl? & \alt?) <key>

<key>

\fn | #PCDATA

\additive

<based>

\sbasedon

<next>

\snext

\sautoupd

\shidden

\spersonal

\scompose

<reply>

\sreply

\styrsidN

\ssemihidden

<stylename> #PCDATA

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Rich Text Format (RTF) Specification Page 18

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For <style>, both <styledef> and <stylename> are optional; the default is paragraph style 0. Note for <stylename>

that Microsoft Word for the Macintosh interprets commas in #PCDATA as separating style synonyms. Also, for

<key>, the data must be exactly one character.

Control word Meaning

\*\csN Designates character style. Like \s, \cs is not a destination control word. However, it is

important to treat it like one inside the style sheet; that is, \cs must be prefixed with \* and

must appear as the first item inside a group. Doing so ensures that readers that do not

understand character styles will skip the character style information correctly. When used

in body text to indicate that a character style has been applied, do not include the \* prefix.

\sN

Designates paragraph style.

\dsN

Designates section style.

\tsN Designates table style, in the same style as \cs for placement and prefixes.

\tsrowd Like \trowd but for table style definitions.

\additive

Used in a character style definition ('{\*'\cs…'}'). Indicates that character style attributes are

to be added to the current paragraph style attributes, rather than setting the paragraph

attributes to only those defined in the character style definition.

\sbasedonN

Defines the number of the style on which the current style is based (the default is 222—no

style).

\snextN

Defines the next style associated with the current style; if omitted, the next style is the

current style.

\sautoupd

Automatically update styles.

\shidden Style does not appear in the Styles drop-down list in the Style dialog box

(on the Format

menu, click Styles).

\spersonal

Style is a personal e-mail style.

\scompose

Style is the e-mail compose style.

\sreply

Style is the e-mail reply style.

\styrsidN Tied to the rsid table, N is the rsid of the author who implemented the style.

\ssemihidden

Style does not appear in drop-down menus.

\keycode

This group is specified within the description of a style in the style sheet in the RTF header.

The syntax for this group is '{\*’\keycode <keys>'}' where <keys> are the characters used

in the key code. For example, a style, Normal, may be defined {\s0 {\*\keycode \shift\ctrl

n}Normal;} within the RTF style sheet. See the Special Character

control words for the

characters outside the alphanumeric range that may be used.

\alt

The

ALT modifier key. Used to describe shortcut key codes for styles.

\shift

The

SHIFT modifier key. Used to describe shortcut key codes for styles.

\ctrl

The

CTRL modifier key. Used to describe shortcut key codes for styles.

\fnN Specifies a function key where N is the function key number. Used to describe shortcut-key

codes for styles.

The hidden style property can only be accessed using Microsoft Visual Basic

for Applications.

Rich Text Format (RTF) Specification Page 20

Microsoft Product Support Services

Control word Meaning

\tsnowrap

No cell wrapping

\tscellcfpat

Foreground cell shading color

\tscellcbpatN

Background cell shading color

\tscellpctN Cell shading percentage – N is the shading of a table cell in hundredths of a percent

\tsbgbdiag

Cell shading pattern – backward diagonal (////)

\tsbgfdiag

Cell shading pattern – forward diagonal (\\\\)

\tsbgdkbdiag

Cell shading pattern – dark backward diagonal (////)

\tsbgdkfdiag

Cell shading pattern – dark forward diagonal (\\\\)

\tsbgcross

Cell shading pattern – cross

\tsbgdcross

Cell shading pattern – diagonal cross

\tsbgdkcross

Cell shading pattern – dark cross

\tsbgdkdcross

Cell shading pattern – dark diagonal cross

\tsbghoriz

Cell shading pattern – horizontal

\tsbgvert

Cell shading pattern – vertical

\tsbgdkhor

Cell shading pattern – dark horizontal

\tsbgdkvert

Cell shading pattern – dark vertical

\tsbrdrt

Top border for cell

\tsbrdrb

Bottom border for cell

\tsbrdrl

Left border for cell

\tsbrdrr

Right border for cell

\tsbrdrh

Horizontal (inside) border for cell

\tsbrdrv

Vertical (inside) border for cell

\tsbrdrdgl

Diagonal (top left to bottom right) border for cell

\tsbrdrdgr

Diagonal (bottom left to top right) border for cell

\tscbandshN

Count of rows in a row band

\tscbandsvN

Count of cells in a cell band

The following is an example of an RTF style sheet:

{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0

\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default

Paragraph Font;}{\*\cs15 \additive \b\ul\cf6 \sbasedon10 UNDERLINE;}

{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3

\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\t

sbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0 \lin0\itap0

\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024 \langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal

Table; }{\s16\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0

\b\fs24\cf2\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext16 \sautoupd

CENTER;}}

and RTF paragraphs to which the styles are applied:

\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0

\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {This is the Normal Style

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0

{\par }\pard\plain \s16\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright

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