Running Linux (5th Edition): 深入探索Linux操作系统

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"《Running Linux (5th, 2005.12)》是Matthias Kalle Dalheimer撰写的一本关于Linux操作系统使用的书籍，面向已经有一定基础的Linux用户和管理员。这本书旨在帮助读者深入理解Linux系统，并提供实用的操作技巧和管理策略。书中可能涵盖了从基本命令行操作到高级系统管理的广泛内容，包括但不限于系统安装、网络配置、安全管理、性能优化以及服务器维护等主题。此外，书籍还提到了与其他开源技术如Apache、MySQL和各种编程语言（如Perl、Python或PHP）的集成，这些都是构建现代Web平台的关键组件。在资源部分提到的O'Reilly出版社的其他Linux相关资源，比如《Linux Cookbook》、《Linux Desktop Hacks》和《Linux Server Security》等，都是扩展学习Linux技术的重要资料。这些书籍分别提供了Linux日常操作的解决方案、桌面环境的优化技巧以及服务器安全的深度指南。O'Reilly的Linux Books Resource Center（linux.oreilly.com）是一个集中的在线平台，用户可以找到关于Linux和Unix及其相关技术的样本章节和代码示例，对于自学和专业人士来说是一个宝贵的资源。 ONLamp.com是专注于开源Web平台的网站，主要关注Linux、Apache、MySQL以及Perl、Python或PHP等技术的最新动态和发展。该网站为开发者和IT专业人员提供了一个交流和学习的平台，包括教程、新闻、讨论和最佳实践。 O'Reilly组织的会议和活动也是技术创新和知识分享的重要场所，汇聚了众多创新者，为推动行业发展做出了贡献。Safari Bookshelf是一个在线参考图书馆，为程序员和IT专业人士提供了广泛的电子书资源，订阅用户可以随时随地访问并学习各种技术书籍，包括Linux和开源技术的相关内容。通过阅读《Running Linux》以及利用O'Reilly提供的相关资源，读者可以不断提升自己在Linux领域的技能，无论是在个人兴趣还是职业发展方面，都将受益匪浅。"

This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition

xiv

Preface

Chapter 9, Multimedia

Discusses audio and video, covering concepts you’ll find useful, configuration

for systems where the tools don’t work automatically, and a few common appli-

cations. The GIMP is also introduced for image manipulation.

Part II of the book, “System Administration,” shows you how to set up your Linux

system and its environment for such tasks as printing and sharing files with other

systems; it also shows you how to take care of your system in other ways.

Chapter 10, System Administration Basics

Covers system administration topics such as filesystems and swap space that are

normally handled automatically during installation, but sometimes need user

intervention.

Chapter 11, Managing Users, Groups, and Permissions

Shows you the fundamental building blocks of security on Linux: managing

users and access rights (permissions).

Chapter 12, Installing, Updating, and Compiling Programs

Covers system updates, which are important both to get new features and appli-

cations and to fix security flaws.

Chapter 13, Networking

Is a basic introduction to networking, which is usually set up during installation

but is worth understanding at a deeper level. The chapter shows you how to

configure your system so that it can work on a local area network or communi-

cate with an Internet service provider using Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). ISDN

and ADSL are also covered.

Chapter 14, Printing

Shows you how to get Linux to recognize printers and to manage document

printing.

Chapter 15, File Sharing

Covers file sharing, with a particular focus on Samba, which allows both file and

printer sharing with Windows systems.

Chapter 16, The X Window System

Shows you how to configure the X Window System, which underlies the desk-

tops introduced in Chapter 3. We show you how to overcome problems you

might encounter when your distribution installs the software and how to config-

ure it for the best performance on your video hardware.

Chapter 17, System Start and Shutdown

Covers system startup and shutdown. Topics include the GRUB bootloader,

which lets you choose between operating systems at startup time, and how to get

the right services going.

This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition

Preface

Chapter 18, Configuring and Building the Kernel

Explains how to update the kernel and its modules, which may be necessary to

run new Linux features or get drivers installed for your hardware.

Part III of the book, “Programming,” starts exploring interesting advanced topics

that make Linux a powerful asset, such as programming.

Chapter 19, Text Editing

Offers in-depth tutorials on vi and Emacs, valuable text editors. Covers text pro-

cessing, an alternative to using word processors to format text documents.

Chapter 20, Text Processing

Describes tools for producing formatted documents from markup languages,

including XML and the older languages T

X, troff, and Texinfo.

Chapter 21, Programming Tools

Is a wide-ranging introduction to programming on Linux, introducing a number

of languages, as well as tools that you may find it useful to understand even if

you are not a programmer.

Part IV of the book, “Network Services,” introduces several services and other

advanced networking activities.

Chapter 22, Running a Web Server

Shows you how to set up and configure Apache, the most popular web server in

the world.

Chapter 23, Transporting and Handling Email Messages

Covers the easy-to-use Postfix mail server and some other useful mail tools, such

as SpamAssassin.

Chapter 24, Running an FTP Server

Shows a secure way to offer files for download.

Chapter 25, Running Web Applications with MySQL and PHP

Covers the M and P in the well-known acronym LAMP, introducing the basic

configuration and use of MySQL and PHP for use with Apache.

Chapter 26, Running a Secure System

Covers the ProFTPD web server, which is convenient for serving documents to

colleagues or the general public.

Chapter 27, Backup and Recovery

Basic techniques for the critical task of safeguarding your data.

Chapter 28, Heterogeneous Networking and Running Windows Programs

A wealth of ways to get the best out of two diffferent environments.

Appendix, Sources of Linux Information

Tells you about useful online documentation for Linux and other sources of

help.

This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition

xvi

Preface

Conventions Used in This Book

The following is a list of the typographical conventions used in this book:

Italic

Is used for file and directory names, command names, command-line options,

email addresses and pathnames, usernames, hostnames, site names, and all new

terms.

Constant Width

Is used in examples to show the contents of files or the output from commands,

to indicate environment variables and keywords that appear in code, and for

Emacs commands.

Constant Width Bold

Is used in examples to show commands or other text that should be typed liter-

ally by the user.

Constant Width Italic

Is used to indicate variable options, keywords, or text that the user is to replace

with an actual value.

This icon designates a note, which is an important aside to the nearby

text.

This icon designates a warning relating to the nearby text.

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for

permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example

code from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,

author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Running Linux, Fifth Edition by Matthias

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given

above, feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition

xviii

Preface

Apart from being the overall editor, Andy contributed the Unix tutorial chapter and

the Gaim section as well as material for the X and Perl sections. It was Andy who

approached us about writing for O’Reilly in the first place, and he has demonstrated

the patience of a saint when waiting for our updates to trickle in.

Because this book has grown so much in size and scope, its topics have become too

diverse for one person, or even a small set of coauthors. Therefore, we have drawn in

experts in a number of subject areas, listed near the beginning of the preface, to write

substantial material.

We would also like to thank the following people for their work on the Linux operat-

ing system—without all of them, there wouldn’t be anything to write a book about:

Linus Torvalds, Richard Stallman, Donald Becker, Alan Cox, Remy Card, Eric Ray-

mond, Ted T’so, H. J. Lu, Miguel de Icaza, Ross Biro, Drew Eckhardt, Ed Carp, Eric

Youngdale, Fred van Kempen, Steven Tweedie, Patrick Volkerding, Dirk Hohndel,

Matthias Ettrich, and all of the other hackers, from the kernel grunts to the lowly

docos, too numerous to mention here.

Special thanks to the following people for their contributions to the Linux Documen-

tation Project, technical review of this book, or general friendliness and support: Phil

Hughes, Melinda McBride, Bill Hahn, Dan Irving, Michael Johnston, Joel Gold-

berger, Michael K. Johnson, Adam Richter, Roman Yanovsky, Jon Magid, Erik

Troan, Lars Wirzenius, Olaf Kirch, Greg Hankins, Alan Sondheim, Jon David, Anna

Clark, Adam Goodman, Lee Gomes, Rob Walker, Rob Malda, Jeff Bates, and Volker

Lendecke.

For the third edition, we thank Phil Hughes, Robert J. Chassell, Tony Cappellini,

Craig Small, Nat Makarevitch, Chris Davis, Chuck Toporek, Frederic HongFeng,

and David Pranata for wide-ranging comments and corrections. Particularly impres-

sive were the efforts put in by an entire team of Debian developers and users, orga-

nized for us by Ossama Othman and Julian T. J. Midgley. Julian set up a CVS

repository for comments, and the book was examined collectively by him, Chris

Lawrence, Robert J. Chassell, Kirk Hilliard, and Stephen Zander.

For the fourth edition, we thank David Collier-Brown, Oliver Flimm, Phil Hughes,

Chris Lawrence, Rich Payne, Craig Small, Jeff Tranter, and Aaron Weber for their

reviews.

For the fifth edition, we thank Ben Hyde, Cheridy Jollie, Chris Lawrence, Ellen

Siever, and Jeff Tranter.

Kalle would like to thank Valerica Vatafu from Buzau, Romania, for lots of help with

the chapter about LAMP. He would also like to thank his colleagues in his company

Klarälvdalens Datakonsult AB—Michel Boyer de la Giroday, Tanja Dalheimer, Stef-

fen Hansen, Jesper Pedersen, Lutz Rogowski, Karl-Heinz Zimmer, Tobias Larsson,

Romain Pokrzywka, David Faure, Marc Mutz, Tobias Larsson, and Till Adam—for

their constructive comments on drafts of the book as well as for being general “Linux

thought amplifiers.”

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