HP-UX操作系统用户命令详解（N-Z）

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"HP-UX User Commands n-z.pdf 是一份详细解析惠普UNIX操作系统用户命令的手册，涵盖了从N到Z的命令集。这份文档属于HP-UX 11i Version 2系列，是其中的第9卷，制造零件编号为B2355-90780。手册由Hewlett-Packard Development Company LP于1983年至2003年间出版，并在美国印刷。" 在HP-UX系统中，用户命令是进行日常操作和管理的关键元素。本手册的"Section 1: User Commands (N-Z)"部分详细介绍了从字母N到Z的各种用户级命令，包括它们的用法、参数以及在HP-UX 11i Version 2环境下的特定功能。这些命令涵盖了系统管理、文件操作、网络通信、进程控制等多个方面，对于熟悉和精通HP-UNIX系统的用户来说是不可或缺的参考资料。例如，手册可能包含如下命令： 1. `nice`：用于调整进程的优先级，允许用户控制哪些程序应该优先执行。 2. `nohup`：让命令在用户退出终端后仍然继续运行，不受挂断（hangup）信号的影响。 3. `nm`：显示目标文件（如可执行文件或库）中的符号信息。 4. `nslookup`：用于查询DNS（域名系统），获取主机名或IP地址的解析信息。 5. `passwd`：修改用户的密码，确保系统安全。 6. `quota`：查看或管理用户和组的磁盘配额，限制资源使用。 7. `route`：显示或设置网络路由表，管理网络流量路径。 8. `ssh`：安全的远程登录工具，提供加密的网络连接。 9. `tail`：显示文件的末尾部分，常用于实时监控日志文件。 10. `traceroute`：追踪数据包在网络中的传输路径，帮助诊断网络问题。 11. `umask`：设置默认的文件创建权限模式，影响新创建文件和目录的权限。 12. `uncompress`：解压缩.Z格式的压缩文件。 13. `vi`：经典的文本编辑器，支持命令行操作模式和可视化编辑模式。此外，手册还可能包含对这些命令的使用示例、选项说明以及可能遇到的问题和解决方法。特别地，关于法律注意事项，HP-HP明确指出文档中的信息可能会随时更改，且不提供任何形式的保证。用户只能将该文档和其支持的软件媒体用于购买的产品，额外复制仅限于安全备份目的，禁止未经许可的销售或修改。产品保修的具体条款可向当地的销售和服务办公室查询。 "HP-UX User Commands n-z.pdf"是一份全面的指南，对于需要在HP-UX环境下工作的系统管理员、开发人员和IT专业人员来说，是理解和掌握系统命令的宝贵资源。通过深入学习这份文档，用户可以更加高效、安全地管理他们的HP-UX系统。

Table of Contents

Volumes One and Two

Entry Name(Section): name Description

nice: alter command priority ............................................................................................................... see csh(1)

nice(1): nice ......................................................................................... run a command at nondefault priority

nis+(1): nis+ ................................................................. new version of the network information name service

niscat(1): niscat ............................................................................................ display NIS+ tables and objects

nischgrp(1): nischgrp .................................................................. change the group owner of an NIS+ object

nischmod(1): nischmod ...................................................................... change access rights on an NIS+ object

nischown(1): nischown ........................................................................... change the owner of an NIS+ object

nischttl(1): nischttl ............................................................. change the time to live value of an NIS+ object

nisdefaults(1): nisdefaults .............................................................................. display NIS+ default values

niserror(1): niserror ........................................................................................ display NIS+ error messages

nisgrep(1): nisgrep ...................................................................................... utility for searching NIS+ tables

nisgrpadm(1): nisgrpadm ......................................................................................... administer NIS+ groups

nisln(1): nisln .................................................................................................. symbolically link NIS+ objects

nisls(1): nisls ........................................................................................ list the contents of an NIS+ directory

nismatch(1): nismatch ................................................................................. utility for searching NIS+ tables

nismkdir(1): nismkdir ................................................................................................ create NIS+ directories

nispasswd(1): nispasswd ........................................................................ change NIS+ password information

nisrm(1): nisrm ............................................................................... remove NIS+ objects from the namespace

nisrmdir(1): nisrmdir .............................................................................................. remove NIS+ directories

nistbladm(1): nistbladm ............................................................................................ administer NIS+ tables

nistest(1): nistest ........................... return the state of the NIS+ namespace using a conditional expression

nl(1): nl ............................................................................................................................. line numbering ﬁlter

nljust(1): nljust ................................................................................... justify lines, left or right, for printing

nm(1): nm .................................................................................................. print name list of common object ﬁle

nohup: ignore hangups during command execution ............................................................................. see csh(1)

nohup(1): nohup ..................................................................................... run a command immune to hangups

notify: notify user of change in job status .......................................................................................... see csh(1)

nroff(1): nroff ................................................................................................................................. format text

nslookup(1): nslookup ................................................................................ query name servers interactively

nsquery(1): nsquery .......................................................... query the Name Service Switch backend libraries

nsupdate(1): nsupdate ....................................................................................... Dynamic DNS update utility

od(1): od, xd ......................................................................................................... octal and hexadecimal dump

odump(1): odump ................................................................... dump information contained in SOM object ﬁles

on(1): on .............................. execute a command on a remote host; environment similar to local environment

onintr: specify shell’s treatment of interrupts .................................................................................... see csh(1)

osdd: print/check documents formatted with the mm macros ........................................................... see mm(1)

pack(1): pack, pcat, unpack .................................................................................. compress and expand ﬁles

page: ﬁle perusal ﬁlter for crt viewing .............................................................................................. see more(1)

parstatus(1): parstatus .................................................. display information about the Superdome complex

passwd(1): passwd ............................................................... change login password and associated attributes

paste(1): paste .............................................. merge same lines of several ﬁles or subsequent lines of one ﬁle

patch(1): patch .............................................................................................. applying a diff ﬁle to an original

pathalias(1): pathalias .......................................................................................... electronic address router

pathchk(1): pathchk ............................................................................................................ check path names

pax(1): pax ............................................................................................................... portable archive exchange

pcat: compress and expand ﬁles ........................................................................................................ see pack(1)

pdp11: provide truth value about processor type .......................................................................... see machid(1)

pg(1): pg .............................................................................................. ﬁle perusal ﬁlter for soft-copy terminals

pipcrm(1): pipcrm ............................................................. remove a POSIX message queue,semaphore name

pipcs(1): pipcs ............................................................. report status of interprocess communication facilities

popd: pop directory stack ...................................................................................................................... see csh(1)

pppd(1): pppd ................................................................................................... point to point protocal daemon

pr(1): pr ........................................................................................................................... format and print ﬁles

praliases(1): praliases ........................................................................... print system-wide sendmail aliases

prealloc(1): prealloc ................................................................................................ preallocate disk storage

primes: generate large prime numbers ........................................................................................... see factor(1)

print: output from shell ...................................................................................................................... see ksh(1)

print: output from shell .............................................................................................................. see sh-posix(1)

printenv(1): printenv ............................................................................................ print out the environment

printf(1): echo ........................................................................................................ print formatted arguments

privatepw(1): privatepw .................................................. change WU-FTPD Group Access File Information

xiv Hewlett-Packard Company HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003

Table of Contents

Volumes One and Two

Entry Name(Section): name Description

prmail(1): prmail .......................................................................... print out mail in the incoming mailbox ﬁle

prof(1): prof ....................................................................................................................... display proﬁle data

prs(1): prs .................................................................................................... print and summarize an

SCCS ﬁle

ps(1): ps ............................................................................................................................ report process status

ptx(1): ptx ................................................................................................................................ permuted index

pty: get the name of the pseudo-terminal ............................................................................................. see tty(1)

pushd: push directory stack ................................................................................................................. see csh(1)

pwd: print current working directory .................................................................................................... see ksh(1)

pwd: print current working directory ........................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

pwd(1): pwd .................................................................................................................. working directory name

pwget(1): pwget, grget .......................................................................... get password and group information

quota(1): quota .................................................................................................. display disk usage and limits

ranlib(1): ranlib ........................................................................................... regenerate archive symbol table

rcp(1): rcp ................................................................................................................................ remote ﬁle copy

rcs(1): rcs ................................................................................................................. change

RCS ﬁle attributes

rcsdiff(1): rcsdiff ....................................................................................................... compare

RCS revisions

rcsmerge(1): rcsmerge .................................................................................................... merge

RCS revisions

rdist(1): rdist .............................................................................................................. remote ﬁle distribution

read: input and parse a line ................................................................................................................ see ksh(1)

read: input and parse a line ........................................................................................................ see sh-posix(1)

read(1): read ................................................................................................... read a line from standard input

readmail(1): readmail ...................................................... read mail from a mail folder or incoming mailbox

readonly: mark names as unredeﬁnable ............................................................................................ see ksh(1)

readonly: mark names as unredeﬁnable .................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

red: restricted line-oriented text editor ............................................................................................... see ed(1)

rehash: recompute internal hash table ................................................................................................ see csh(1)

remsh(1): remsh .................................................................................................... execute from a remote shell

repeat: execute command more than once .......................................................................................... see csh(1)

reset: terminal-dependent initialization ......................................................................................... see tset(1)

return: shell function return to invoking script .................................................................................. see ksh(1)

return: shell function return to invoking script ......................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

rev(1): rev ........................................................................................................................ reverse lines of a ﬁle

rksh: restricted Korn shell command programming language ............................................................ see ksh(1)

rlog(1): rlog ................................................................. print log messages and other information on

RCS ﬁles

rlogin(1): rlogin .......................................................................................................................... remote login

rm(1): rm ................................................................................................................... remove ﬁles or directories

rmail: send mail to users or read mail .............................................................................................. see mail(1)

rmdel(1): rmdel ............................................................................................ remove a delta from an

SCCS ﬁle

rmdir(1): rmdir ................................................................................................................... remove directories

rmnl(1): rmnl ................................................................................. remove extra new-line characters from ﬁle

rndc(1): rndc .......................................................................................................... name server control utility

rndc-confgen(1): rndc-confgen .............................................................................. rndc key generation tool

rpcgen(1): rpcgen .................................................................................................... an RPC protocol compiler

rsh: standard and restricted POSIX.2-conformant command shells ......................................... see sh-posix(1)

rtprio(1): rtprio ................................................................................. execute process with real-time priority

rtsched(1): rtsched ................................................................ execute process with POSIX real-time priority

rup(1): rup .............................................................................. show host status of local machines (RPC version)

ruptime(1): ruptime ......................................................................................... show status of local machines

rusers(1): rusers ................................................. determine who is logged onto machines on the local network

rwho(1): rwho .................................................................................... show who is logged in on local machines

sact(1): sact ......................................................................................... print current

SCCS ﬁle editing activity

samlog_viewer(1): samlog_viewer ............................................ tool for viewing and saving the SAM logﬁle

sccs(1): sccs ............................................................................................ utility program for SCCS commands

sccsdiff(1): sccsdiff ............................................................................. compare two versions of an

SCCS ﬁle

sccshelp(1): sccshelp ............................................................................................. help for SCCS commands

script(1): script ...................................................................................... make typescript of terminal session

sdiff(1): sdiff ................................................................................................. side-by-side difference program

sed(1): sed ............................................................................................................................. stream text editor

send_sound(1): send_sound ..................................................................................................... play audio ﬁle

serialize(1): serialize ............................................ force target process to run serially with other processes

set: set/deﬁne ﬂags and arguments ...................................................................................................... see csh(1)

HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003 Hewlett-Packard Company xv

Table of Contents

Volumes One and Two

Entry Name(Section): name Description

set: set/deﬁne options and arguments ................................................................................................. see ksh(1)

set: set/deﬁne options and arguments ......................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

setacl(1): setacl ....................................................................... modify access control lists for ﬁles (JFS only)

setenv: deﬁne environment variable ................................................................................................... see csh(1)

sffinger: utility programs for TCP Wrappers ......................................................................... see tryfrom(1)

sh(1): sh ........................................................................................................ overview of various system shells

sh-posix(1): sh, rsh ........................................ standard and restricted POSIX.2-conformant command shells

shar(1): shar ...................................................................................................... make a shell archive package

shift: shift argv members one position to left ..................................................................................... see csh(1)

shift: shift argv members one position to left .................................................................................... see ksh(1)

shift: shift argv members one position to left ............................................................................ see sh-posix(1)

shl(1): shl .......................................................................................................................... shell layer manager

size(1): size .................................................................................................... print section sizes of object ﬁles

sleep(1): sleep ............................................................................................. suspend execution for an interval

slp(1): slp ..................................................................................... set printing options for a non-serial printer

soelim(1): soelim ............................................................................................. eliminate .so’s from nroff input

sort(1): sort ......................................................................................................................... sort or merge ﬁles

source: deﬁne source for command input ............................................................................................ see csh(1)

spell(1): spell, hashmake, spellin, hashcheck ............................................................ ﬁnd spelling errors

spellin: create compressed spelling list from hash codes ............................................................. see spell(1)

split(1): split ................................................................................................................. split a ﬁle into pieces

ssp(1): ssp ........................................................................................... remove multiple line-feeds from output

strings(1): strings ................................................ ﬁnd the printable strings in an object or other binary ﬁle

strip(1): strip .................................................. strip symbol and line number information from an object ﬁle

stty(1): stty ................................................................................................. set the options for a terminal port

su(1): su ........................................................................................................................................... switch user

sum(1): sum ........................................................................................ print checksum and block count of a ﬁle

switch: deﬁne switch statement .......................................................................................................... see csh(1)

tabs(1): tabs ................................................................................................................... set tabs on a terminal

tail(1): tail ........................................................................................................... deliver the last part of a ﬁle

talk(1): talk ...................................................................................................................... talk to another user

tar(1): tar ............................................................................................................................... tape ﬁle archiver

tbl(1): tbl ....................................................................................................................... format tables for nroff

tcpdchk(1): tcpdchk ..................................................................................... check tcp wrapper conﬁguration

tcpdmatch(1): tcpdmatch .................................................................... evaluate tcp wrapper service requests

tee(1): tee ........................................................................................................................................ pipe ﬁtting

telnet(1): telnet ................................................................................. user interface to the TELNET protocol

test: evaluate conditional expression .................................................................................................. see csh(1)

test: evaluate conditional expression .................................................................................................. see ksh(1)

test: evaluate conditional expression ......................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

test(1): test ...................................................................................................... condition evaluation command

tftp(1): tftp ........................................................................................................... trivial ﬁle transfer program

time, times: print summary of time used by processes ...................................................................... see ksh(1)

time: print summary of time used by shell and children ..................................................................... see csh(1)

time(1): time ........................................................................................................................... time a command

time, times: print summary of time used by processes ............................................................ see sh-posix(1)

timex(1): timex ...................................................... time a command; report process data and system activity

top(1): top ....................................................... display and update information about top processes on system

touch(1): touch .......................................................... update access, modiﬁcation, and/or change times of ﬁle

tput(1): tput ............................................................................................................... query terminfo database

tr(1): tr .............................................................................................................................. translate characters

trap: trap speciﬁed signal .................................................................................................................... see ksh(1)

trap: trap speciﬁed signal ........................................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

true(1): true, false ................................................................................... return zero or non-zero exit status

tryfrom(1): tryfrom, sffinger ............................................................... utility programs for TCP Wrappers

tset(1): tset, reset ..................................................................................... terminal-dependent initialization

tsm(1): tsm .............................................................................................................. Terminal Session Manager

tsm.command(1): tsm.command ............................................. send commands to Terminal Session Manager

tsm.info(1): tsm.info .......................................................... get Terminal Session Manager state information

tsort(1): tsort .......................................................................................................................... topological sort

tty(1): tty, pty ..................................................................................................... get the name of the terminal

xvi Hewlett-Packard Company HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003

Table of Contents

Volumes One and Two

Entry Name(Section): name Description

ttytype(1): ttytype ........................................................................................ terminal identiﬁcation program

typeset: control leading blanks and parameter handling .................................................................. see ksh(1)

typeset: control leading blanks and parameter handling .......................................................... see sh-posix(1)

u370: provide truth value about processor type ............................................................................ see machid(1)

u3b: provide truth value about processor type .............................................................................. see machid(1)

u3b10: provide truth value about processor type .......................................................................... see machid(1)

u3b2: provide truth value about processor type ............................................................................ see machid(1)

u3b5: provide truth value about processor type ............................................................................ see machid(1)

ul(1): ul ...................................................................................................................................... do underlining

ulimit: set size or time limits ............................................................................................................. see ksh(1)

ulimit: set size or time limits ..................................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

umask: set permissions mask for creating new ﬁles ............................................................................. see csh(1)

umask: set permissions mask for creating new ﬁles ............................................................................. see ksh(1)

umask: set permissions mask for creating new ﬁles ..................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

umask(1): umask .................................................................................................... set ﬁle-creation mode mask

umodem(1): umodem ...........................................................................

XMODEM-protocol ﬁle transfer program

unalias: discard speciﬁed alias ........................................................................................................... see csh(1)

unalias: discard speciﬁed alias .......................................................................................................... see ksh(1)

unalias: discard speciﬁed alias .................................................................................................. see sh-posix(1)

uname(1): uname ......................... display information about computer system; set node name (system name)

uncompact: uncompact ﬁles ........................................................................................................ see compact(1)

uncompress: expand compressed data ...................................................................................... see compress(1)

uncompressdir : expand compressed ﬁles in a directory .......................................................... see compress(1)

unexpand: convert spaces to tabs ............................................................................................... see expand(1)

unget(1): unget .......................................................................................... undo a previous get of an

SCCS ﬁle

unhash: disable use of internal hash tables ......................................................................................... see csh(1)

unifdef(1): unifdef ................................................................................................. remove preprocessor lines

uniq(1): uniq ....................................................................................................... report repeated lines in a ﬁle

units(1): units .................................................................................................................. conversion program

unpack: compress and expand ﬁles .................................................................................................... see pack(1)

unset: remove deﬁnition/setting of ﬂags and arguments ..................................................................... see csh(1)

unset: remove deﬁnition/setting of options and arguments ................................................................. see ksh(1)

unset: remove deﬁnition/setting of options and arguments ........................................................ see sh-posix(1)

unsetenv: remove variable from environment .................................................................................... see csh(1)

until: execute commands until expression is non-zero ....................................................................... see ksh(1)

until: execute commands until expression is nonzero ................................................................ see sh-posix(1)

uptime(1): uptime, w ................................................................................. show how long system has been up

users(1): users ............................................................................. compact list of users who are on the system

uucp(1): uucp, uulog, uuname, uutry ..................................................... UNIX system to UNIX system copy

uudecode: decode a ﬁle encoded by uuencode ........................................................................ see uuencode(1)

uuencode(1): uuencode, uudecode ........................... encode/decode a binary ﬁle for transmission by mailer

uulog: access UUCP summary logs ................................................................................................... see uucp(1)

uuname: list known UUCP systems ................................................................................................... see uucp(1)

uupath(1): uupath, mkuupath ...................................................... access and manage the pathalias database

uupick: accept or reject incoming

UUCP messages ............................................................................ see uuto(1)

uustat(1): uustat ...................................................................................... uucp status inquiry and job control

uuto(1): uuto, uupick ................................................................ public

UNIX system to UNIX system ﬁle copy

uutry: test for successful login to remote system .............................................................................. see uucp(1)

uux(1): uux ...........................................................................

UNIX system to UNIX system command execution

ux2dos: convert

ASCII ﬁle format .................................................................................................. see dos2ux(1)

vacation(1): vacation ................................................................................. return ‘‘I am not here’’ indication

val(1): val ............................................................................................................................. validate SCCS ﬁle

vax: provide truth value about processor type .............................................................................. see machid(1)

vc(1): vc ...................................................................................................................................... version control

vedit: beginner’s screen-oriented text editor ....................................................................................... see vi(1)

vi(1): vedit, vi, view .............................................................................. extended screen-oriented text editor

view: read-only screen-oriented text editor .......................................................................................... see vi(1)

vis(1): vis, inv ................................ make unprintable and non-ASCII characters in a ﬁle visible or invisible

vmstat(1): vmstat .......................................................................................... report virtual memory statistics

vt(1): vt ......................................................................................................... log in on another system over lan

wait: wait for background processes .................................................................................................... see csh(1)

HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003 Hewlett-Packard Company xvii

Table of Contents

Volumes One and Two

Entry Name(Section): name Description

wait: wait for child process .................................................................................................................. see ksh(1)

wait: wait for child process ......................................................................................................... see sh-posix(1)

wait(1): wait .......................................................................................................... await completion of process

wc(1): wc ........................................................................... count words, lines, and bytes or characters in a ﬁle

what(1): what ............................................................................................ get

SCCS identiﬁcation information

whence: deﬁne interpretation of name as a command ......................................................................... see ksh(1)

whence: deﬁne interpretation of name as a command ................................................................. see sh-posix(1)

whereis(1): whereis ........................................................... locate source, binary, and/or manual for program

which(1): which ................................................................... locate a program ﬁle including aliases and paths

while: execute commands while expression is non-zero ...................................................................... see csh(1)

while: execute commands while expression is non-zero ...................................................................... see ksh(1)

while: execute commands while expression is nonzero ............................................................... see sh-posix(1)

who(1): who ........................................................................................ who is currently logged in on the system

whoami(1): whoami ............................................................................................ print effective current user id

whois(1): whois ....................................................................................... Internet user name directory service

write(1): write ................................................................................. interactively write (talk) to another user

xargs(1): xargs .................................................................... construct argument list(s) and execute command

xd: hexadecimal dump ............................................................................................................................ see od(1)

xstr(1): xstr ..................................................... extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings

yes(1): yes ................................................................................................................ be repetitively afﬁrmative

ypcat(1): ypcat .................................................................... print all Network Information Service map values

ypmatch(1): ypmatch .................................. print values of selected keys in Network Information Service map

yppasswd(1): yppasswd .................................. change login password in Network Information System (NIS)

ypwhich(1): ypwhich ................................................ list Network Information System server or map master

zcat: expand and cat data ......................................................................................................... see compress(1)

xviii Hewlett-Packard Company HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003

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