Python 3入门教程：升级编程技能与从零开始学习

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Python 3

>>> x

'10'

>>> x=raw_input("something:")

something:10 #entered data is treated as string even without ''

>>> x

'10'

>>> x=raw_input("something:")

something:'10' #entered data treated as string including ''

>>> x

"'10'"

In Python 3

>>> x=input("something:")

something:10

>>> x

'10'

>>> x=input("something:")

something:'10' #entered data treated as string with or without ''

>>> x

"'10'"

>>> x=raw_input("something:") # will result NameError

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

x=raw_input("something:")

NameError: name 'raw_input' is not defined

Integer Division

In Python 2, the result of division of two integers is rounded to the nearest integer. As a

result, 3/2 will show 1. In order to obtain a floating-point division, numerator or

denominator must be explicitly used as float. Hence, either 3.0/2 or 3/2.0 or 3.0/2.0 will

result in 1.5

Python 3 evaluates 3 / 2 as 1.5 by default, which is more intuitive for new programmers.

Unicode Representation

Python 2 requires you to mark a string with a u if you want to store it as Unicode.

Python 3 stores strings as Unicode, by default. We have Unicode (utf-8) strings, and 2

byte classes: byte and byte arrays.

Python 3

Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language.

Python is designed to be highly readable. It uses English keywords frequently whereas the

other languages use punctuations. It has fewer syntactical constructions than other

languages.

 Python is Interpreted: Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You do

not need to compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL and

PHP.

 Python is Interactive: You can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with

the interpreter directly to write your programs.

 Python is Object-Oriented: Python supports Object-Oriented style or technique

of programming that encapsulates code within objects.

 Python is a Beginner's Language: Python is a great language for the beginner-

level programmers and supports the development of a wide range of applications

from simple text processing to WWW browsers to games.

History of Python

Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early nineties at the

National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the Netherlands.

 Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC, Modula-3, C, C++,

Algol-68, SmallTalk, and Unix shell and other scripting languages.

 Python is copyrighted. Like Perl, Python source code is now available under the

GNU General Public License (GPL).

 Python is now maintained by a core development team at the institute, although

Guido van Rossum still holds a vital role in directing its progress.

 Python 1.0 was released in November 1994. In 2000, Python 2.0 was released.

Python 2.7.11 is the latest edition of Python 2.

 Meanwhile, Python 3.0 was released in 2008. Python 3 is not backward compatible

with Python 2. The emphasis in Python 3 had been on the removal of duplicate

programming constructs and modules so that "There should be one -- and

preferably only one -- obvious way to do it." Python 3.5.1 is the latest version of

Python 3.

2. Python 3 – Overview

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