水下无线传感器网络中三维子区域查询处理机制

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"水下无线传感器网络中的三维子区域查询处理机制" 在互联网海洋事物的不断发展和广泛应用背景下,智能设备被部署在水下,形成了水下无线传感器网络(Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks, UWSNs),用于对广阔海洋体积的探索。通常情况下,一个特定应用在某一时间范围内可能只对网络中的部分子区域感兴趣,而非整个网络区域。因此,设计一个能够有效处理这些子区域查询的机制变得至关重要。 文章提出了一种三维子区域查询处理机制。具体来说,该机制首先构建了一个路由树,其中每个传感器节点对应于树上的一个节点。通过使用定位技术,传感器节点可以确认自身是否位于感兴趣的子区域内。一旦确定,传感器节点将利用路由树中定义的父节点-子节点关系来转发其感知数据至汇聚节点(sink node)。 为了实现这一目标,文章详细探讨了路由树的构建和维护。路由树的构建旨在确保只有位于子区域内的节点参与到数据传输中,从而减少不必要的通信开销。此外,节点之间的局部化技术用于精确地识别其在子区域内的位置,这是确保有效查询处理的关键。 实验评估表明,所提出的机制在能量效率方面具有优势,特别是在网络规模较大或子区域查询频繁的情况下。通过减少无效的数据传输,该机制能够显著延长网络的生命周期,同时提高查询响应速度和准确性。 此外,文章还可能涉及了如下技术细节: 1. 定位技术:在水下环境中,定位可能需要依赖声波通信,因为光在水中传播受限。因此,文章可能讨论了如何利用声纳或其它声学技术来实现节点的精确位置确定。 2. 路由策略:路由树的构建可能涉及到一种优化策略,如Dijkstra算法或A*搜索,以确保数据沿着最短或最优路径传递。 3. 能量管理:为了最大化网络生存时间,可能采用了能量均衡策略,例如,让能量丰富的节点承担更多的通信任务。 4. 查询优化:针对子区域查询,可能有特定的查询算法来减少查询范围,比如空间索引结构(如R树或kd树)的使用,以快速定位和检索子区域内的数据。 5. 性能评估:除了能量效率,实验可能还关注了查询延迟、数据完整性、网络覆盖范围等关键性能指标。 该研究为水下无线传感器网络提供了一种有效的子区域查询处理方法,通过优化路由和定位策略,提升了网络的能源利用率和查询效率,这对于海洋监测、环境研究等应用场景具有重要意义。

Rab GTPases serve as master regulators of membrane trafficking. They can be activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) and be inactivated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The roles of some GAPs have been explored in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but are largely unknown in filamentous fungi. Here, we investigated the role of GAP Gyp3 gene, an ortholog of S. cerevisiae Gyp3, in an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum. We found that MaGyp3 is mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of vegetative hyphae, nuclei of mature conidia, and both ER and nuclei in invasive hyphae. Lack of MaGyp3 caused a decreased tolerance to hyperosmotic stress, heat-shock and UV-B radiation. Moreover, the ΔMaGyp3 mutant showed a significantly decreased pathogenicity owing to delayed germination, reduced appressorium-mediated penetration and impaired invasive growth. Loss of MaGyp3 also caused impaired fungal growth, advanced conidiation and defects in utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources, while overexpression of MaGyp3 exhibited delayed conidiation on nutrient-rich medium and conidiation pattern shift from microcycle conidiation to normal conidiation on nutrient-limited medium. Mavib-1, a tanscription factor invloved in conidiation by affecting nutrient utilizaiton, can directly bind to the promoter of MaGyp3. ΔMaGyp3 and ΔMavib-1 mutants shared similar phenotypes, and overexpression mutants of MaGyp3 and Mavib-1 (Mavib-1-OE) exhibited similar phenotypes in growth, conidiation and pathogenicity. Reintroduction of the Magyp3 driven by strong promoter gpd in ΔMavib-1 mutant recovered the defects in growth and conidiation for dysfunction of Mavib1. Taken together, our findings uncovered the role of GAP3 in a filamentous pathogenic fungus and and illustrated the upstream regulatory mechanism by direct interaction with Mavib-1.请用nature杂志的风格润色成学术论文的形式。

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