USB Complete 第三版：设计优质USB接口指南

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"《USB Complete》是一本经典的IT技术书籍，专注于详细介绍USB（Universal Serial Bus）接口的方方面面。该书第三版由Jan Axelson撰写，深入浅出地探讨了如何设计和开发定制USB外设，以满足用户对易用性、速度、可靠性、多功能性、经济性和节能性的高要求。书中首先介绍了USB的基本概念，包括其设计初衷是为了简化设备连接、提高数据传输速度、减少错误发生以及兼容多种类型的外围设备。为了实现这些特性，USB采用了即插即用的设计，无需用户过多配置，使得用户界面简洁直观。 USB的高速传输能力是其核心优势，特别是USB 3.0版本提供了显著的提升，能够实现快速的数据交换，避免成为通信瓶颈。此外，USB设计了错误检测和自动重试机制，确保数据传输的可靠性。对于设备制造商来说，USB的灵活性意味着他们可以开发出适用于不同应用场景的外设，无论是计算机、移动设备还是物联网设备，都能轻松接入。考虑到成本因素，USB的标准化和普及化降低了生产成本，使产品更具市场竞争力。在电池续航方面，USB的低功耗特性对于便携式设备尤为重要，它有助于节省能源，延长设备的电池寿命。同时，《USB Complete》第三版还涵盖了操作系统层面的支持，如Windows，开发者无需编写底层驱动程序就能与USB设备进行高效交互，大大降低了开发难度。要获取更多关于本书的信息、代码示例以及链接到其他USB资源和工具，读者可以访问Lakeview Research的USB Central网站（www.Lvr.com/usb.htm），进一步深化对USB技术的理解。《USB Complete》不仅是一本技术指南，也是一份宝贵的资源，对于希望进入USB开发领域的工程师和设计师来说，它是理解和掌握USB技术的不可或缺的参考资料。"

USB Basics

USB Complete 5

power supply. In contrast, peripherals that use other interfaces may have to

choose between including a power supply inside the device or using a bulky

and inconvenient external supply.

Speed

USB supports three bus speeds: high speed at 480 Megabits/sec., full speed

at 12 Megabits/sec., and low speed at 1.5 Megabits/sec. The USB host con-

trollers in recent PCs support all three speeds.

The bus speeds describe the rate that information travels on the bus. In

addition to data, the bus must carry status, control, and error-checking sig-

nals. Plus, all peripherals must share the bus. So the rate of data transfer that

an individual peripheral can expect will be less than the bus speed. The the-

oretical maximum rate for a single data transfer is about 53 Megabytes/sec.

at high speed, 1.2 Megabytes/sec. at full speed, and 800 bytes/sec. at low

speed.

The USB 1.0 specification defined low and full speeds. Low speed was

included for two reasons. Mice require flexible cables to make the devices

easy to move around. Low-speed cables don’t require twisted pairs or as

much shielding and thus can be more flexible than full/high-speed cables.

Also, low-speed devices can often be manufactured more cheaply. Full speed

was intended to replace most other peripherals that used RS-232 (serial) and

parallel ports. The data-transfer rates attainable at full speed are comparable

to or better than the speeds attainable with earlier interfaces. High speed

became an option with the release of version 2.0 of the USB specification.

Reliability

The reliability of USB is due to both the hardware and the protocols for

data transfer. The hardware specifications for USB drivers, receivers, and

cables ensure a quiet interface that eliminates most noise that could cause

data errors. The USB protocol enables the detecting of errors in received

data and notifying the sender so it can retransmit. The detecting, notifying,

and retransmitting are done in hardware and don’t require any programming

or user intervention.

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