第
34
卷第
11
期
2013
年
11
月
哈尔滨工程大学学报
Journal of Harbin Engineering University
改进的车辆跟踪虚杆模型算法及仿真
戴冠雄
1
,陈伟海
1
,吕幸刚
2
,王迪臻
1
,赵志文
1
Vol.34
No
.11
Nov.2013
(
1.
北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院,北京
100191;
2.
北京航天自动控制研究所,北京
100854)
摘
要:针对独立式车辆跟踪系统中的跟踪精度问题,提出了改进的虚拟柔性曲杆模型算法,该算法主要分为
2
个部分:
构造拟合前车轨迹的虚拟曲杆和计算驱动后车跟随前车运动的曲杆内部作用力.采用三次样条插值增加虚拟柔性曲杆
的平滑度,以求更加符合前车轨迹;提出一种自适应控制算法来调节曲杆内部作用力,确保后车平滑并且精确地运动到
目标点.进行了虚杆模型在车辆跟踪过程的仿真,结果表明:后车能够在与前车始终保持一定安全距离的情况下,精确拟
合前车的轨迹.与现有技术相比,不存在误差累积,有效地提高了精度.
关键词:车辆跟踪;轨道跟踪;平滑运动;虚杆模型;自适应控制系统;三次样条插值
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7043.201211010
网络出版地址:
http
://www.cnki.net/kcms/ detaiV23.1390. U.20131112.0842.013.html
中图分类号:
TP242.6
文献标志码:
A
文章编号:
1006-
7043
( 2013) 11-1391-06
An improved virtual flexible
bar
model
and
its simulation
in
the vehicle following process
DAI
Guanxiong1,
CHEN
Weihai1,
LYU
Zhanggang2,
WANG
Dizhen1,
ZHAO
Zhiwen1
(
1.
School
of
Automation
Science
and
Electrical
Engineeri
吨,
Beihang
University,
Beijing
100191, China;
2.
Beijing
Aerospace
Auto-
matic
Control
Institute,
Beijing
100854, China)
Abstract:
This
paper
proposes an improved virtual flexible
bar
algorithm for improving the
traject
。可
tracking
accu-
racy of the automatic vehicle following system.
To
achieve successful vehicle following, the algorithm mainly con-
sists of two
parts:
construct the flexible
bar
which
can
fit the lead
vehicle,
s trajectory and calculate the internal
force of the flexible
bar
which pulls the trailing vehicle to track the trajectory. The cubic spline interpolation was ap-
plied in order to smooth the flexible
bar,
thus making it fit the
lead
vehicle's trajectory better.
What's
more,
an a-
daptive
traject
。可
tracking
control was also implemented to maintain the smooth motion
of
the follower vehicle and
make sure that the follower vehicle could
carrγout
the commands transmitted from the controller accurately. The
simulation results validate that the follower vehicle is able to trail the trajectories of the
lead
vehicle
and
maintain a
safe following distance. The proposed model improves the accuracy of vehicle following because it avoids the accu-
mulated
error,
as compared to the other models.
Keywords:
vehicle following; trajectory tracking; smooth motion; virtual flexible
bar
model; adaptive control sys-
tems ; cubic spline interpolation
车辆跟踪系统是智能交通系统[
l-3l
( intelligent
transport system ,
ITS
)中先进辅助驾驶系统的重要组
成部分,在减小驾驶员驾驶负担的同时,能够提高公
路系统的运输效率和安全性.一个成功的车辆跟踪系
统需要保证后车能够在与前车保持安全距离的条件
收稿日期:
2012-11-04.
网络出版时间:
2013-11-12
8
:42.
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(
61075075,
61175108).
作者简介:戴冠雄
(1988
),男,硕士研究生;
陈伟海(
1955
-),男,教授,博士生导师.
通信作者:陈伟海,
E-mail:
whchenbuaa@
126.com.
下紧跟着前车轨迹运动从而保证交通的畅通并减少
废气等污染物的排放.现有车辆自动跟踪系统的控制
策略分为
3
个大类[
4-7]
:
1
)直接跟踪法,以前车上的某
一点作为目标点;
2
)跟踪轨迹法,以超前后车一定距
离的前车历史轨迹点作为目标点;
3
)间接跟踪法,以
通过一定方法计算出的虚拟点作为目标点.
张晓媚等[
8-9
]提出了柔性虚杆模型,虚杆与前
车轨迹相吻合,长度根据车距可伸缩,前车转弯对后
车有延时的力作用.理论上可确保即使前车的运动
第
34
卷第
11
期
2013
年
11
月
哈尔滨工程大学学报
Journal of Harbin Engineering University
改进的车辆跟踪虚杆模型算法及仿真
戴冠雄
1
,陈伟海
1
,吕幸刚
2
,王迪臻
1
,赵志文
1
Vol.34
No
.11
Nov.2013
(
1.
北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院,北京
100191;
2.
北京航天自动控制研究所,北京
100854)
摘
要:针对独立式车辆跟踪系统中的跟踪精度问题,提出了改进的虚拟柔性曲杆模型算法,该算法主要分为
2
个部分:
构造拟合前车轨迹的虚拟曲杆和计算驱动后车跟随前车运动的曲杆内部作用力.采用三次样条插值增加虚拟柔性曲杆
的平滑度,以求更加符合前车轨迹;提出一种自适应控制算法来调节曲杆内部作用力,确保后车平滑并且精确地运动到
目标点.进行了虚杆模型在车辆跟踪过程的仿真,结果表明:后车能够在与前车始终保持一定安全距离的情况下,精确拟
合前车的轨迹.与现有技术相比,不存在误差累积,有效地提高了精度.
关键词:车辆跟踪;轨道跟踪;平滑运动;虚杆模型;自适应控制系统;三次样条插值
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7043.201211010
网络出版地址:
http
://www.cnki.net/kcms/ detaiV23.1390. U.20131112.0842.013.html
中图分类号:
TP242.6
文献标志码:
A
文章编号:
1006-
7043
( 2013) 11-1391-06
An improved virtual flexible
bar
model
and
its simulation
in
the vehicle following process
DAI
Guanxiong1,
CHEN
Weihai1,
LYU
Zhanggang2,
WANG
Dizhen1,
ZHAO
Zhiwen1
(
1.
School
of
Automation
Science
and
Electrical
Engineeri
吨,
Beihang
University,
Beijing
100191, China;
2.
Beijing
Aerospace
Auto-
matic
Control
Institute,
Beijing
100854, China)
Abstract:
This
paper
proposes an improved virtual flexible
bar
algorithm for improving the
traject
。可
tracking
accu-
racy of the automatic vehicle following system.
To
achieve successful vehicle following, the algorithm mainly con-
sists of two
parts:
construct the flexible
bar
which
can
fit the lead
vehicle,
s trajectory and calculate the internal
force of the flexible
bar
which pulls the trailing vehicle to track the trajectory. The cubic spline interpolation was ap-
plied in order to smooth the flexible
bar,
thus making it fit the
lead
vehicle's trajectory better.
What's
more,
an a-
daptive
traject
。可
tracking
control was also implemented to maintain the smooth motion
of
the follower vehicle and
make sure that the follower vehicle could
carrγout
the commands transmitted from the controller accurately. The
simulation results validate that the follower vehicle is able to trail the trajectories of the
lead
vehicle
and
maintain a
safe following distance. The proposed model improves the accuracy of vehicle following because it avoids the accu-
mulated
error,
as compared to the other models.
Keywords:
vehicle following; trajectory tracking; smooth motion; virtual flexible
bar
model; adaptive control sys-
tems ; cubic spline interpolation
车辆跟踪系统是智能交通系统[
l-3l
( intelligent
transport system ,
ITS
)中先进辅助驾驶系统的重要组
成部分,在减小驾驶员驾驶负担的同时,能够提高公
路系统的运输效率和安全性.一个成功的车辆跟踪系
统需要保证后车能够在与前车保持安全距离的条件
收稿日期:
2012-11-04.
网络出版时间:
2013-11-12
8
:42.
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(
61075075,
61175108).
作者简介:戴冠雄
(1988
),男,硕士研究生;
陈伟海(
1955
-),男,教授,博士生导师.
通信作者:陈伟海,
E-mail:
whchenbuaa@
126.com.
下紧跟着前车轨迹运动从而保证交通的畅通并减少
废气等污染物的排放.现有车辆自动跟踪系统的控制
策略分为
3
个大类[
4-7]
:
1
)直接跟踪法,以前车上的某
一点作为目标点;
2
)跟踪轨迹法,以超前后车一定距
离的前车历史轨迹点作为目标点;
3
)间接跟踪法,以
通过一定方法计算出的虚拟点作为目标点.
张晓媚等[
8-9
]提出了柔性虚杆模型,虚杆与前
车轨迹相吻合,长度根据车距可伸缩,前车转弯对后
车有延时的力作用.理论上可确保即使前车的运动