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首页IEEE 802.1Q-2018标准:局域网和城域网桥接技术
IEEE 802.1Q-2018标准:局域网和城域网桥接技术
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"IEEE 802.1Q-2018协议文档"
IEEE 802.1Q-2018是局域网(LAN)和城域网(MAN)标准的一部分,由IEEE LAN/MAN标准委员会制定。这份标准主要关注的是桥接和桥接网络的技术规范。在2018年修订版中,它更新了2014年的版本,对原有的802.1Q标准进行了改进和扩展。
802.1Q协议的核心功能是提供虚拟局域网(VLAN,Virtual Local Area Network)服务。VLAN是一种将物理网络划分为多个逻辑网络的方法,可以提高网络管理效率,增强网络安全性和隔离性。在802.1Q中,每个VLAN都有一个唯一的标识符,称为VLAN ID(VID),用于区分不同的VLAN流量。
该标准定义了VLAN标记(Tagging)过程,即在数据帧中插入一个额外的标签,以标识数据帧所属的VLAN。这个标签通常包含在以太网帧的用户优先级(User Priority, UP)字段和VLAN ID字段,使得网络设备能够根据这些信息对数据进行路由和交换。802.1Q还规定了不同VLAN之间的通信规则,如 VLAN间路由(Inter-VLAN Routing)和VLAN间的通信协议。
此外,802.1Q-2018还涉及了端口访问控制列表(Port Access Control Lists, PACLs)和服务质量(Quality of Service, QoS)的相关内容。PACLs允许网络管理员设置规则,控制哪些设备可以接入特定的VLAN,从而增强网络安全性。QoS则确保关键数据包在拥塞网络中的优先处理,通过分配带宽、设定优先级等方式来保障关键业务的传输性能。
802.1Q-2018还包括了对生成树协议(Spanning Tree Protocol, STP)和快速生成树协议(Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol, RSTP)的增强,以及多实例生成树协议(Multiple Instance Spanning Tree Protocol, MSTP)。这些协议用于防止网络中的循环路径,保证数据包的有效传输,并允许在网络拓扑变化时自动重新配置。
IEEE 802.1Q-2018是现代网络设计和管理中不可或缺的一部分,它定义了VLAN的实现方式,提供了网络分段、流量管理和QoS策略,有助于构建更高效、安全和灵活的局域网和城域网环境。对于网络工程师、数据中心管理员和IT专业人士来说,深入理解这一标准对于优化网络架构和解决复杂网络问题至关重要。
15
Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
Introduction
IEEE Std 802.1Q-2018 incorporates the text of the following amendments into IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014.
IEEE Std 802.1Qcd™-2015 Application Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Type,
Length, Value (TLV)
IEEE Std 802.1Qca™-2015 Path Control and Reservation
IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014 Cor 1-2015 Technical and editorial corrections
IEEE Std 802.1Qbv™-2015 Enhancements for scheduled traffic
IEEE Std 802.1Qbu™-2016 Frame preemption
IEEE Std 802.1Qbz™-2016 Enhancements to Bridging of IEEE 802.11 Media
IEEE Std 802.1Qci™-2017 Per-Stream Filtering and Policing
IEEE Std 802.1Qch™-2017 Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding
The 2014 revision of this standard incorporated the text of the following amendments into IEEE Std 802.1Q-
2011.
IEEE Std 802.1Qbe™-2011 Multiple I-SID Registration Protocol
IEEE Std 802.1Qbc™-2011 Provider Bridging—Remote Customer Service Interfaces
IEEE Std 802.1Qbb™-2011 Priority-based Flow Control
IEEE Std 802.1Qaz™-2011 Enhanced Transmission Selection for Bandwidth Sharing
Between Traffic Classes
IEEE Std 802.1Qbf™-2011 PBB-TE Infrastructure Segment Protection
IEEE Std 802.1Qbg™-2012 Edge Virtual Bridging
IEEE Std 802.1aq™-2012 Shortest Path Bridging
IEEE Std 802.1Q-2011/Cor 2-2012 Technical and editorial corrections
IEEE Std 802.1Qbp™-2014 Equal Cost Multiple Paths (ECMP)
The 2011 revision of this standard incorporated the text of the following amendments into
IEEE
Std 802.1Q-2005.
IEEE Std 802.1ad™-2005 Provider Bridges
IEEE Std 802.1ak™-2007 Multiple Registration Protocol
IEEE Std 802.1ag™-2007 Connectivity Fault Management
IEEE Std 802.1ah™-2008 Provider Backbone Bridges
IEEE Std 802-1Q-2005/Cor-1-2008 Corrections to the Multiple Registration Protocol
IEEE Std 802.1ap™-2008 Management Information Base (MIB) Definitions for
VLAN Bridges
IEEE Std 802.1Qaw™-2009 Management of Data Driven and Data Dependent
Connectivity Faults
IEEE Std 802.1Qay™-2009 Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering
IEEE Std 802.1aj™-2009 Two-Port Media Access Control (MAC) Relay
IEEE Std 802.1Qav™-2009 Forwarding and Queuing Enhancements for
Time-Sensitive Streams
IEEE Std 802.1Qau™-2010 Congestion Notification
IEEE Std 802.1Qat™-2010 Stream Reservation Protocol
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 802.1Q-2018, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—
Bridges and Bridged Networks.
Authorized licensed use limited to: XIDIAN UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on July 07,2022 at 03:17:46 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
Clause 13 of IEEE Std 802.1Q-2011 was also revised to include an updated specification of the Rapid
Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol (RSTP), superseding references to IEEE Std 802.1D™-2004 [B17].
1
The 2005 revision of this standard incorporated the text of the following amendments into IEEE Std 802.1Q-
1998.
IEEE Std 802.1u™-2001 Technical and Editorial Corrections
IEEE Std 802.1v™-2001 VLAN Classification by Protocol and Port
IEEE Std 802.1s™-2002 Multiple Spanning Trees
This standard was first published as IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998, making use of the concepts and mechanisms of
LAN Bridging that were introduced by IEEE Std 802.1D and defining additional mechanisms to allow the
implementation of Virtual Bridged Networks.
For an introduction to this standard that details each of the provisions introduced by amendments and
revisions throughout its development, refer to 1.3.
This standard contains state-of-the-art material. The area covered by this standard is undergoing evolution.
Revisions are anticipated within the next few years to clarify existing material, to correct possible errors, and
to incorporate new related material. Information on the current revision state of this and other IEEE 802
®
standards may be obtained from
Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board
445 Hoes Lane
Piscataway, NJ 08854
USA
Grateful acknowledgment
The working group would like to acknowledge and thank Diane Lacey for her invaluable work on the final
publication of this standard.
1
Numbers in brackets correspond to the numbers in the bibliography in Annex U.
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Overview............................................................................................................................................ 61
1.1 Scope...................................................................................................................................... 61
1.2 Purpose................................................................................................................................... 61
1.3 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 62
2. Normative references......................................................................................................................... 69
3. Definitions ......................................................................................................................................... 73
4. Abbreviations..................................................................................................................................... 95
5. Conformance.................................................................................................................................... 101
5.1 Requirements terminology................................................................................................... 101
5.2 Conformant components and equipment ............................................................................. 101
5.3 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS).................................................. 102
5.4 VLAN Bridge component requirements.............................................................................. 102
5.4.1 VLAN Bridge component options ...................................................................... 103
5.4.2 Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol (MVRP) requirements ........................... 108
5.4.3 VLAN Bridge requirements for congestion notification .................................... 108
5.4.4 Multiple Stream Registration Protocol (MSRP) requirements ........................... 109
5.4.5 Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) operation (optional) ............................................ 109
5.4.6 Path Control and Reservation (PCR) (optional) ..................................................110
5.5 C-VLAN component conformance...................................................................................... 111
5.5.1 C-VLAN component options .............................................................................. 111
5.6 S-VLAN component conformance ...................................................................................... 111
5.6.1 S-VLAN component options .............................................................................. 112
5.6.2 S-VLAN component requirements for Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic
Engineering (PBB-TE) ....................................................................................... 112
5.6.3 S-VLAN component requirements for PBB-TE IPS .......................................... 112
5.6.4 S-VLAN component requirements for ECMP with flow filtering ..................... 113
5.7 I-component conformance ................................................................................................... 113
5.7.1 I-component options ........................................................................................... 113
5.8 B-component conformance.................................................................................................. 113
5.8.1 B-component options .......................................................................................... 114
5.8.2 B-component requirements for PBB-TE ............................................................ 114
5.8.3 B-component requirements for PBB-TE IPS ...................................................... 114
5.8.4 B-component requirements for ECMP with flow filtering ................................. 115
5.9 C-VLAN Bridge conformance............................................................................................. 115
5.9.1 C-VLAN Bridge options ..................................................................................... 115
5.10 Provider Bridge conformance.............................................................................................. 115
5.10.1 S-VLAN Bridge conformance ............................................................................ 115
5.10.2 Provider Edge Bridge conformance .................................................................... 116
5.11 System requirements for Priority-based Flow Control (PFC) ............................................. 116
5.12 Backbone Edge Bridge (BEB) conformance ....................................................................... 116
5.12.1 BEB requirements for PBB-TE .......................................................................... 117
5.13 MAC Bridge component requirements................................................................................ 117
5.13.1 MAC Bridge component options ........................................................................ 117
5.14 MAC Bridge conformance................................................................................................... 118
5.14.1 MAC Bridge options ........................................................................................... 118
5.15 TPMR component conformance.......................................................................................... 118
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
5.15.1 TPMR component options .................................................................................. 119
5.16 TPMR conformance............................................................................................................. 119
5.16.1 TPMR options ..................................................................................................... 119
5.17 T-component conformance .................................................................................................. 119
5.17.1 T-component options .......................................................................................... 120
5.18 End station requirements for MMRP, MVRP, and MSRP .................................................. 120
5.18.1 MMRP requirements and options ....................................................................... 120
5.18.2 MVRP requirements and options ........................................................................ 121
5.18.3 MSRP requirements and options ........................................................................ 121
5.19 VLAN-aware end station requirements for CFM ................................................................ 122
5.20 End station requirements—FQTSS ..................................................................................... 122
5.21 End station requirements for congestion notification ......................................................... 123
5.22 MAC-specific bridging methods ......................................................................................... 123
5.23 EVB Bridge requirements....................................................................................................123
5.24 EVB station requirements.................................................................................................... 124
5.24.1 Edge relay (ER) requirements ............................................................................. 125
5.25 End station requirements—enhancements for scheduled traffic ......................................... 126
5.26 End station requirements—enhancements for frame preemption........................................ 126
5.27 End-station requirements—PSFP ........................................................................................ 127
5.28 End station requirements—Cyclic queuing and forwarding................................................ 127
6. Support of the MAC Service ........................................................................................................... 128
6.1 Basic architectural concepts and terms................................................................................ 129
6.2 Provision of the MAC Service............................................................................................. 129
6.2.1 Point-to-point, multipoint-to-multipoint, and rooted-multipoint connectivity ... 130
6.3 Support of the MAC Service ............................................................................................... 130
6.4 Preservation of the MAC Service ........................................................................................ 131
6.5 Quality of service (QoS) maintenance................................................................................. 131
6.5.1 Service availability ............................................................................................. 131
6.5.2 Frame loss ........................................................................................................... 132
6.5.3 Frame misordering .............................................................................................. 132
6.5.4 Frame duplication ............................................................................................... 133
6.5.5 Transit delay ....................................................................................................... 134
6.5.6 Frame lifetime ..................................................................................................... 135
6.5.7 Undetected frame error rate ................................................................................ 135
6.5.8 Maximum Service Data Unit Size ...................................................................... 135
6.5.9 Priority ................................................................................................................ 135
6.5.10 Throughput .......................................................................................................... 136
6.6 Internal Sublayer Service (ISS) ........................................................................................... 137
6.7 Support of the ISS by specific MAC procedures................................................................. 137
6.7.1 Support of the ISS by IEEE Std 802.3 (Ethernet) ............................................... 137
6.7.2 Frame preemption ............................................................................................... 137
6.8 Enhanced Internal Sublayer Service (EISS) ........................................................................ 138
6.8.1 Service primitives ............................................................................................... 138
6.8.2 Status parameters ................................................................................................ 139
6.8.3 Point-to-point parameters ................................................................................... 139
6.8.4 Control primitives and parameters ...................................................................... 139
6.9 Support of the EISS ............................................................................................................. 140
6.9.1 Data indications .................................................................................................. 141
6.9.2 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 142
6.9.3 Priority Code Point encoding .............................................................................. 142
6.9.4 Regenerating priority .......................................................................................... 144
6.10 Support of the ISS/EISS by PIPs ......................................................................................... 145
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
6.10.1 Data indications .................................................................................................. 147
6.10.2 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 148
6.10.3 Priority Code Point encoding .............................................................................. 148
6.11 Support of the EISS by CBPs .............................................................................................. 149
6.11.1 Data indications .................................................................................................. 150
6.11.2 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 151
6.11.3 Priority Code Point decoding .............................................................................. 152
6.11.4 Regenerating priority .......................................................................................... 152
6.12 Protocol VLAN classification.............................................................................................. 152
6.12.1 Protocol Templates ............................................................................................. 154
6.12.2 Protocol Group Identifiers .................................................................................. 154
6.12.3 Protocol Group Database .................................................................................... 154
6.13 Support of the ISS for attachment to a PBN........................................................................ 155
6.13.1 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 156
6.13.2 Data indications .................................................................................................. 157
6.14 Support of the ISS within a system...................................................................................... 157
6.15 Support of the ISS by additional technologies..................................................................... 157
6.16 Filtering services in Bridged Networks ............................................................................... 158
6.16.1 Purpose(s) of filtering service provision ............................................................. 158
6.16.2 Goals of filtering service provision .................................................................... 158
6.16.3 Users of filtering services ................................................................................... 159
6.16.4 Basis of service ................................................................................................... 159
6.16.5 Categories of service ........................................................................................... 159
6.16.6 Service configuration .......................................................................................... 159
6.16.7 Service definition for Extended Filtering Services ............................................. 160
6.17 EISS Multiplex Entity.......................................................................................................... 161
6.18 Backbone Service Instance Multiplex Entity....................................................................... 162
6.18.1 Demultiplexing direction .................................................................................... 163
6.18.2 Multiplexing direction ........................................................................................ 164
6.18.3 Priority Code Point encoding .............................................................................. 165
6.18.4 Status parameters ................................................................................................ 165
6.19 TESI Multiplex Entity ......................................................................................................... 165
6.20 Support of the ISS with signaled priority ............................................................................ 166
6.20.1 Data indications .................................................................................................. 167
6.20.2 Data requests ....................................................................................................... 167
6.21 Infrastructure Segment Multiplex Entity ............................................................................. 167
6.22 PDU and protocol discrimination and media ...................................................................... 169
7. Principles of Virtual Bridged Network operation............................................................................ 170
7.1 Network overview................................................................................................................ 170
7.2 Use of VLANs ..................................................................................................................... 171
7.3 Active topology.................................................................................................................... 171
7.4 VLAN topology ................................................................................................................... 172
7.5 Locating end stations ........................................................................................................... 173
7.6 Ingress, forwarding, and egress rules................................................................................... 174
8. Principles of Bridge operation ......................................................................................................... 175
8.1 Bridge operation .................................................................................................................. 175
8.1.1 Relay ................................................................................................................... 175
8.1.2 Filtering and relaying information ...................................................................... 176
8.1.3 Duplicate frame prevention ................................................................................ 176
8.1.4 Traffic segregation .............................................................................................. 176
8.1.5 Traffic reduction ................................................................................................. 177
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