MSP430F5438A单片机功能与使用详解

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"MSP430数据手册详细介绍了MSP430 F5438A和MSP430 F541xA系列单片机的功能特性，以及如何使用这些功能模块。" MSP430单片机是德州仪器（TI）推出的一款超低功耗微控制器，其主要特点是工作电压范围宽，从1.8V到3.6V，适合各种电源限制的应用。该系列单片机采用了统一的时钟系统，确保了高效能与低功耗的平衡。在低功耗方面，MSP430具有多种工作模式。主动模式（AM）下，所有系统时钟都处于活动状态，尽管功耗较高，但提供了较高的运行速度。在使用内部低频振荡器（VLO）执行Flash程序时，功耗仅为230µA/MHz，在3.0V电压下，频率为8MHz时。而使用内部精调参考振荡器（REFO）执行RAM程序时，功耗降低至110µA/MHz，同样是在3.0V电压下，8MHz频率。此外，还支持32kHz晶振，以及在待机模式（LPM3）下，即使高频率晶振达到32MHz，也能保持低功耗，同时实现实时钟、看门狗和电源监视器等功能，且快速唤醒时间短。在定时器方面，MSP430F543xA系列提供了丰富的定时器资源，如16位定时器TA0、TA1和TB0。TA0带有5个捕获/比较寄存器，可以用于计数、比较和PWM输出等任务；TA1有3个捕获/比较寄存器，同样功能强大；TB0则配备了7个捕获/比较阴影寄存器，适用于更复杂的定时和事件管理。这些定时器还可以作为通用计数器、看门狗和电源监视器，满足不同应用需求。除此之外，MSP430单片机还集成了其他关键特性，例如串行通信接口（SPI, I2C, UART）、模拟输入输出（ADC, DAC）、数字输入输出、中断系统以及强大的运算单元，使得该系列微控制器在嵌入式系统设计中具有极高的灵活性和可扩展性。其广泛应用于能源管理、传感器接口、无线通信、医疗设备、工业控制和消费电子等领域。 MSP430F543xA和MSP430F541xA系列单片机以其卓越的低功耗性能、丰富的外设和灵活的定时器功能，成为开发低功耗、高性能嵌入式系统的理想选择。通过深入理解和熟练掌握MSP430的数据手册，开发者可以充分利用这些特性，设计出满足特定需求的高效解决方案。

MSP430F543xA, MSP430F541xA

SLAS655B –JANUARY 2010–REVISED OCTOBER 2010

www.ti.com

Bootstrap Loader (BSL)

The BSL enables users to program the flash memory or RAM using a UART serial interface. Access to the

device memory via the BSL is protected by an user-defined password. Usage of the BSL requires four pins as

shown in Table 5. BSL entry requires a specific entry sequence on the RST/NMI/SBWTDIO and TEST/SBWTCK

pins. For complete description of the features of the BSL and its implementation, see the MSP430 Memory

Programming User's Guide, literature number SLAU265.

Table 5. BSL Pin Requirements and Functions

DEVICE SIGNAL BSL FUNCTION

RST/NMI/SBWTDIO Entry sequence signal

TEST/SBWTCK Entry sequence signal

P1.1 Data transmit

P1.2 Data receive

VCC Power supply

VSS Ground supply

JTAG Operation

JTAG Standard Interface

The MSP430 family supports the standard JTAG interface which requires four signals for sending and receiving

data. The JTAG signals are shared with general-purpose I/O. The TEST/SBWTCK pin is used to enable the

JTAG signals. In addition to these signals, the RST/NMI/SBWTDIO is required to interface with MSP430

development tools and device programmers. The JTAG pin requirements are shown in Table 6. For further

details on interfacing to development tools and device programmers, see the MSP430 Hardware Tools User's

Guide, literature number SLAU278.

Table 6. JTAG Pin Requirements and Functions

DEVICE SIGNAL DIRECTION FUNCTION

PJ.3/TCK IN JTAG clock input

PJ.2/TMS IN JTAG state control

PJ.1/TDI/TCLK IN JTAG data input/TCLK input

PJ.0/TDO OUT JTAG data output

TEST/SBWTCK IN Enable JTAG pins

RST/NMI/SBWTDIO IN External reset

VCC Power supply

VSS Ground supply

Spy-Bi-Wire Interface

In addition to the standard JTAG interface, the MSP430 family supports the two wire Spy-Bi-Wire interface.

Spy-Bi-Wire can be used to interface with MSP430 development tools and device programmers. The Spy-Bi-Wire

interface pin requirements are shown in Table 7. For further details on interfacing to development tools and

device programmers, see the MSP430 Hardware Tools User's Guide, literature number SLAU278.

Table 7. Spy-Bi-Wire Pin Requirements and Functions

DEVICE SIGNAL DIRECTION FUNCTION

TEST/SBWTCK IN Spy-Bi-Wire clock input

RST/NMI/SBWTDIO IN, OUT Spy-Bi-Wire data input/output

VCC Power supply

VSS Ground supply

MSP430F543xA, MSP430F541xA

SLAS655B –JANUARY 2010–REVISED OCTOBER 2010

www.ti.com

Peripherals

Peripherals are connected to the CPU through data, address, and control buses and can be handled using all

instructions. For complete module descriptions, see the MSP430x5xx Family User's Guide, literature number

SLAU208.

Digital I/O

There are up to ten 8-bit I/O ports implemented: For 100-pin options, P1 through P10 are complete. P11 contains

three individual I/O ports. For 80-pin options, P1 through P7 are complete. P8 contains seven individual I/O ports.

P9 through P11 do not exist. Port PJ contains four individual I/O ports, common to all devices.

• All individual I/O bits are independently programmable.

• Any combination of input, output, and interrupt conditions is possible.

• Pullup or pulldown on all ports is programmable.

• Drive strength on all ports is programmable.

• Edge-selectable interrupt and LPM4.5 wakeup input capability is available for all bits of ports P1 and P2.

• Read/write access to port-control registers is supported by all instructions.

• Ports can be accessed byte-wise (P1 through P11) or word-wise in pairs (PA through PF).

Oscillator and System Clock

The clock system in the MSP430x5xx family of devices is supported by the Unified Clock System (UCS) module

that includes support for a 32-kHz watch crystal oscillator (XT1 LF mode), an internal very-low-power

low-frequency oscillator (VLO), an internal trimmed low-frequency oscillator (REFO), an integrated internal

digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), and a high-frequency crystal oscillator (XT1 HF mode or XT2). The UCS

module is designed to meet the requirements of both low system cost and low power consumption. The UCS

module features digital frequency locked loop (FLL) hardware that, in conjunction with a digital modulator,

stabilizes the DCO frequency to a programmable multiple of the selected FLL reference frequency. The internal

DCO provides a fast turn-on clock source and stabilizes in less than 5 µs. The UCS module provides the

following clock signals:

• Auxiliary clock (ACLK), sourced from a 32-kHz watch crystal, a high-frequency crystal, the internal

low-frequency oscillator (VLO), the trimmed low-frequency oscillator (REFO), or the internal digitally controlled

oscillator DCO.

• Main clock (MCLK), the system clock used by the CPU. MCLK can be sourced by same sources made

available to ACLK.

• Sub-Main clock (SMCLK), the subsystem clock used by the peripheral modules. SMCLK can be sourced by

same sources made available to ACLK.

• ACLK/n, the buffered output of ACLK, ACLK/2, ACLK/4, ACLK/8, ACLK/16, ACLK/32.

Power Management Module (PMM)

The PMM includes an integrated voltage regulator that supplies the core voltage to the device and contains

programmable output levels to provide for power optimization. The PMM also includes supply voltage supervisor

(SVS) and supply voltage monitoring (SVM) circuitry, as well as brownout protection. The brownout circuit is

implemented to provide the proper internal reset signal to the device during power-on and power-off. The

SVS/SVM circuitry detects if the supply voltage drops below a user-selectable level and supports both supply

voltage supervision (the device is automatically reset) and supply voltage monitoring (SVM, the device is not

automatically reset). SVS and SVM circuitry is available on the primary supply and core supply.

Hardware Multiplier

The multiplication operation is supported by a dedicated peripheral module. The module performs operations with

32-bit, 24-bit, 16-bit, and 8-bit operands. The module is capable of supporting signed and unsigned multiplication

as well as signed and unsigned multiply and accumulate operations.

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