蓝牙5.3核心规范：设备互通技术详解

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蓝牙核心规范5.3（Bluetooth Core Specification v5.3）是由蓝牙技术联盟（Bluetooth SIG）发布的官方文档，于2021年7月13日更新。这份规格书定义了创建兼容蓝牙设备所需的关键技术，旨在促进全球范围内设备间的无缝连接与通信。该版本的修订工作由蓝牙核心规范工作组（Core Specification Working Group）负责。在蓝牙5.3规范中，它涵盖了以下主要内容： 1. 技术概述：作为一项重要的无线个人区域网络（WPAN）标准，蓝牙5.3在保持低功耗特性的同时，提升了数据传输速度、范围和容量，支持了诸如增强的广播、高效数据包交换和多设备配对等新功能，以适应物联网（IoT）、可穿戴设备和音频设备等领域的快速发展。 2. 增强性能：蓝牙5.3引入了LE Data Length Extension（LDLE），允许更大的数据包传输，从而改善音频质量并支持高清音频流。此外，LE信道间隔减小提高了数据传输的效率。 3. 安全性增强：在5.3版本中，加强了加密和认证机制，以应对日益增长的安全威胁，确保数据传输的安全性。 4. 连接性改进：支持多设备同时连接，提升了设备的并发能力，使得用户可以同时连接多个蓝牙设备而不会影响性能。 5. 合规性要求：使用此规格书意味着同意遵守蓝牙SIG的相关协议和版权声明，包括但不限于会员协议、使用条款和可能存在的法律义务。任何不遵守这些协议的行为将受到限制，可能包括终止会员资格等严重后果。 6. 法律责任：在应用蓝牙5.3规范时，建议寻求法律、工程和其他专业咨询，以确保正确理解和实施，避免潜在的风险。蓝牙5.3核心规范是蓝牙技术发展的一个里程碑，为设备制造商提供了清晰的指导，推动着蓝牙设备向着更高效、安全和多连接的方向演进。对于开发人员、工程师以及所有依赖蓝牙技术的市场参与者来说，理解和遵循这一最新规范至关重要。

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 16

Consolidated Table of Contents

2.43 QoS Unacceptable Parameter (0x2C)..................................... 379

2.44 QoS Rejected (0x2D) .............................................................. 379

2.45 Channel Assessment Not Supported (0x2E) ........................... 379

2.46 Insufficient Security (0x2F) ...................................................... 379

2.47 Parameter Out of Mandatory Range (0x30) ............................ 379

2.48 Role Switch Pending (0x32) .................................................... 379

2.49 Reserved Slot Violation (0x34) ................................................ 380

2.50 Role Switch Failed (0x35)........................................................ 380

2.51 Extended Inquiry Response too Large (0x36) ......................... 380

2.52 Secure Simple Pairing not Supported by Host (0x37) ............. 380

2.53 Host Busy–Pairing (0x38)........................................................ 380

2.54 Connection Rejected due to no Suitable Channel Found (0x39)...

380

2.55 Controller Busy (0x3A) ............................................................ 380

2.56 Unacceptable Connection Parameters (0x3B) ........................ 381

2.57 Advertising Timeout (0x3C) ..................................................... 381

2.58 Connection Terminated due to MIC Failure (0x3D) ................. 381

2.59 Connection Failed to be Established / Synchronization Timeout

(0x3E) ...................................................................................... 381

2.60 [This section is no longer used] ............................................... 381

2.61 Coarse Clock Adjustment Rejected but Will Try to Adjust Using

Clock Dragging (0x40)............................................................. 381

2.62 Type0 Submap not Defined (0x41).......................................... 381

2.63 Unknown Advertising Identifier (0x42) ..................................... 382

2.64 Limit Reached (0x43) .............................................................. 382

2.65 Operation Cancelled by Host (0x44) ....................................... 382

2.66 Packet Too Long (0x45)........................................................... 382

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 17

Consolidated Table of Contents

BR/EDR Controller

Specification Volume 2

Part A

RADIO SPECIFICATION

1 Scope ................................................................................................ 387

2 Frequency bands and channel arrangement ................................ 389

3 Transmitter characteristics ............................................................. 390

3.1 Basic Rate ............................................................................... 391

3.1.1 Modulation characteristics .......................................... 391

3.1.2 Spurious emissions.....................................................392

3.1.3 Radio frequency tolerance.......................................... 393

3.2 Enhanced Data Rate ............................................................... 393

3.2.1 Modulation characteristics .......................................... 394

3.2.2 Spurious emissions.....................................................397

3.2.3 Radio frequency tolerance.......................................... 398

3.2.4 Relative transmit power .............................................. 399

4 Receiver characteristics ................................................................. 400

4.1 Basic Rate ............................................................................... 400

4.1.1 Actual sensitivity level................................................. 400

4.1.2 Interference performance............................................ 400

4.1.3 Out-of-band blocking...................................................401

4.1.4 Intermodulation characteristics ................................... 401

4.1.5 Maximum usable level ................................................ 402

4.1.6 Received Signal Strength Indication........................... 402

4.1.7 Reference signal definition.......................................... 402

4.2 Enhanced Data Rate ............................................................... 402

4.2.1 Actual sensitivity level................................................. 402

4.2.2 BER floor performance ............................................... 402

4.2.3 Interference performance............................................ 403

4.2.4 Maximum usable level ................................................ 404

4.2.5 Out-of-band and intermodulation characteristics ........ 404

4.2.6 Reference signal definition.......................................... 404

Appendix A Test conditions .................................................................... 405

A.1 Nominal test conditions ......................................................... 405

A.1.1 Nominal temperature ................................................ 405

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 18

Consolidated Table of Contents

A.1.2 Nominal power source .............................................. 405

A.2 [This section is no longer used] ............................................ 405

Appendix B [This Appendix is no longer used] .................................... 406

Appendix C Modulation accuracy definition ......................................... 407

C.1 Enhanced Data Rate modulation accuracy ........................... 407

C.1.1 RMS DEVM ................................................................ 409

C.1.2 Peak DEVM ............................................................... 409

Part B

BASEBAND SPECIFICATION

1 General description ......................................................................... 419

1.1 Bluetooth clock ........................................................................ 420

1.2 Bluetooth Device addressing................................................... 421

1.2.1 Reserved addresses...................................................422

1.3 Access codes .......................................................................... 422

2 Physical channels............................................................................ 424

2.1 Physical channel definition ...................................................... 425

2.2 Basic piconet physical channel................................................ 425

2.2.1 Central and Peripheral roles ....................................... 425

2.2.2 Hopping characteristics............................................... 426

2.2.3 Time slots.................................................................... 426

2.2.4 Piconet clocks............................................................. 426

2.2.5 Transmit/receive timing............................................... 427

2.3 Adapted piconet physical channel ........................................... 431

2.3.1 Hopping characteristics............................................... 431

2.4 Page scan physical channel .................................................... 431

2.4.1 Clock estimate for paging ........................................... 432

2.4.2 Hopping characteristics............................................... 432

2.4.3 Paging procedure timing............................................. 432

2.4.4 Page response timing ................................................. 433

2.5 Inquiry scan physical channel.................................................. 435

2.5.1 Clock for inquiry .......................................................... 435

2.5.2 Hopping characteristics............................................... 435

2.5.3 Inquiry procedure timing ............................................. 436

2.5.4 Inquiry response timing............................................... 436

2.6 Hop selection........................................................................... 437

2.6.1 General selection scheme .......................................... 438

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 19

Consolidated Table of Contents

2.6.2 Selection kernel .......................................................... 441

2.6.3 Adapted hop selection kernel...................................... 444

2.6.4 Control word................................................................ 445

2.7 Synchronization scan physical channel................................... 450

2.7.1 Hopping characteristics............................................... 450

2.7.2 Synchronization Train procedure timing...................... 450

2.7.3 Synchronization Scan procedure timing ..................... 451

3 Physical links ................................................................................... 453

3.1 Link supervision for active physical links ................................. 453

3.2 Link supervision for Connectionless Peripheral Broadcast

physical links ........................................................................... 454

3.3 Authenticated payload timeout for active links ........................ 454

4 Logical transports ........................................................................... 455

4.1 General.................................................................................... 455

4.2 Logical transport address (LT_ADDR)..................................... 455

4.3 Synchronous logical transports ............................................... 456

4.4 Asynchronous logical transport ............................................... 456

4.5 Transmit/receive routines ........................................................ 457

4.5.1 TX routine ...................................................................457

4.5.2 RX routine................................................................... 460

4.5.3 Flow control.................................................................461

4.6 Active Peripheral broadcast transport ..................................... 462

4.7 [This section is no longer used] ............................................... 462

4.8 Connectionless Peripheral Broadcast logical transport ........... 462

5 Logical links ..................................................................................... 464

5.1 Link Control logical link (LC).................................................... 464

5.2 ACL Control logical links (ACL-C and APB-C)......................... 464

5.3 User asynchronous/isochronous logical links (ACL-U and

APB-U) .................................................................................... 465

5.3.1 Pausing the ACL-U logical link.................................... 465

5.4 User synchronous data logical link (SCO-S) ........................... 465

5.5 User extended synchronous data logical link (eSCO-S).......... 465

5.6 Logical link priorities ................................................................ 465

5.7 Profile broadcast data logical link ............................................ 465

6 Packets ............................................................................................. 466

6.1 General format......................................................................... 466

6.1.1 Basic Rate................................................................... 466

6.1.2 Enhanced Data Rate................................................... 466

6.2 Bit ordering .............................................................................. 467

6.3 Access code ............................................................................ 467

Revision Date: 2021-07-13

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION Version 5.3 | Vol 0, Part A page 20

Consolidated Table of Contents

6.3.1 Access code types...................................................... 468

6.3.2 Preamble..................................................................... 468

6.3.3 Sync word ................................................................... 468

6.3.4 Trailer..........................................................................472

6.4 Packet header ......................................................................... 472

6.4.1 LT_ADDR.................................................................... 473

6.4.2 TYPE........................................................................... 473

6.4.3 FLOW.......................................................................... 473

6.4.4 ARQN.......................................................................... 474

6.4.5 SEQN.......................................................................... 474

6.4.6 HEC ............................................................................ 474

6.5 Packet types ............................................................................ 474

6.5.1 Common packet types ................................................ 477

6.5.2 SCO packets............................................................... 479

6.5.3 eSCO packets............................................................. 480

6.5.4 ACL packets................................................................ 482

6.6 Payload format ........................................................................ 484

6.6.1 Synchronous data field ............................................... 485

6.6.2 Asynchronous data field.............................................. 486

6.7 Packet summary...................................................................... 490

7 Bit stream processing ..................................................................... 492

7.1 Error checking ......................................................................... 493

7.1.1 HEC generation .......................................................... 493

7.1.2 CRC generation .......................................................... 495

7.2 Data whitening......................................................................... 496

7.3 Error correction........................................................................ 497

7.4 FEC code: rate 1/3 .................................................................. 497

7.5 FEC code: rate 2/3 .................................................................. 497

7.6 ARQ scheme ........................................................................... 498

7.6.1 Unnumbered ARQ....................................................... 498

7.6.2 Retransmit filtering...................................................... 502

7.6.3 Flushing payloads....................................................... 504

7.6.4 Multi-Peripheral considerations................................... 505

7.6.5 Active Peripheral Broadcast packets .......................... 505

7.7 Erroneous synchronous data reporting ................................... 506

7.8 Message Integrity Check ......................................................... 507

8 Link Controller operation................................................................ 508

8.1 Overview of states ...................................................................508

8.2 Standby state........................................................................... 509

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