TI TMS320C28x C/C++编译器用户指南

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"这份文档是关于TMS320C28x优化的C/C++编译器的用户指南，版本v18.1.0.LTS，由Texas Instruments Incorporated出版，主要内容包括软件开发工具概述、编译器使用、编译器选项等。" TI的TMS320C28x是一款高性能的浮点数字信号处理器，适用于实时控制应用。这个编译器是针对C2000系列微控制器的，旨在提高代码效率和性能。用户指南详细介绍了如何利用此编译器进行高效的C/C++编程。 1. 软件开发工具概述这一部分简要介绍TI提供的软件开发工具，包括编译器、链接器和其他辅助工具，这些工具共同构成了一个完整的开发环境，用于创建、调试和优化TMS320C28x的应用程序。 2. 编译器接口编译器的接口描述了如何与编译器交互，可能包括命令行参数、批处理脚本支持以及集成开发环境（IDE）的集成方式。 3. ANSI/ISO标准编译器遵循ANSI（美国国家标准协会）和ISO（国际标准化组织）制定的C/C++语言标准，确保代码的可移植性和标准一致性。 4. 输出文件编译过程会生成多种文件，如预处理文件、汇编文件、对象文件和最终的可执行文件。这些文件的格式和用途在这一部分中被详细解释。 5. 辅助工具除了编译器之外，还包括链接器、汇编器和其他实用工具，它们在构建和调试过程中发挥重要作用。 6. 使用C/C++编译器这一章详细阐述了如何使用该编译器，包括启动编译器、配置编译器行为、设置选项等。 - 关于编译器：介绍编译器的基本特性和功能。 - 调用编译器：指导用户如何在命令行或通过IDE调用编译器。 - 选项改变编译器行为：详细列出了各种编译选项，如链接器选项、常用选项、杂项选项、运行时模型选项、符号调试和分析选项等，这些选项可以调整代码生成和优化策略。 7. 具体的编译器选项包括指定文件名、解析文件名的方式、处理C文件的方式、扩展名的解释、指定目录、汇编器选项、动态链接以及已弃用选项的使用说明。这份文档对于理解如何利用TI的C28x编译器来优化C/C++代码至关重要，无论是对于初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中获得宝贵的信息，提高开发效率和代码质量。

ANSI/ISO Standard

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Introduction to the Software Development Tools

1.3 ANSI/ISO Standard

The compiler supports both the 1989 and 1999 versions of the C language and the 2003 version of the

C++ language. The C and C++ language features in the compiler are implemented in conformance with

the following ISO standards:

• ISO-standard C

The C compiler supports the 1989 and 1999 versions of the C language.

– C89. Compiling with the --c89 option causes the compiler to conform to the ISO/IEC 9899:1990 C

standard, which was previously ratified as ANSI X3.159-1989. The names "C89" and "C90" refer to

the same programming language. "C89" is used in this document.

– C99. Compiling with the --c99 option causes the compiler to conform to the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 C

standard. This standard supports several features not part of C89, such as inline functions, new

data types, and one-line comments beginning with //.

The C language is also described in the second edition of Kernighan and Ritchie's The C Programming

Language (K&R).

• ISO-standard C++

The compiler uses the C++03 version of the C++ standard. See the C++ Standard ISO/IEC

14882:2003. The language is also described in Ellis and Stroustrup's The Annotated C++ Reference

Manual (ARM), but that is not the standard. For a description of unsupported C++ features, see

Section 6.2.

• ISO-standard run-time support

The compiler tools come with an extensive run-time library. Library functions conform to the ISO C/C++

library standard unless otherwise stated. The library includes functions for standard input and output,

string manipulation, dynamic memory allocation, data conversion, timekeeping, trigonometry, and

exponential and hyperbolic functions. Functions for signal handling are not included, because these

are target-system specific. For more information, see Chapter 8.

See Section 6.13 for command line options to select the C or C++ standard your code uses.

1.4 Output Files

The following type of output file is created by the compiler:

• COFF object files

Common object file format (COFF) provides basic modular (separately-compiled) compilation features,

such as relocations.

1.5 Utilities

These features are compiler utilities:

• Library-build utility

The library-build utility lets you custom-build object libraries from source for any combination of run-

time models. For more information, see Section 8.4.

• C++ name demangler

The C++ name demangler (dem2000) is a debugging aid that translates each mangled name it detects

in compiler-generated assembly code, disassembly output, or compiler diagnostic messages to its

original name found in the C++ source code. For more information, see Chapter 9.

• Hex conversion utility

For stand-alone embedded applications, the compiler has the ability to place all code and initialization

data into ROM, allowing C/C++ code to run from reset. The COFF files output by the compiler can be

converted to EPROM programmer data files by using the hex conversion utility, as described in the

TMS320C28x Assembly Language Tools User's Guide.

About the Compiler

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Using the C/C++ Compiler

2.1 About the Compiler

The compiler lets you compile, optimize, assemble, and optionally link in one step. The compiler performs

the following steps on one or more source modules:

• The compiler accepts C/C++ source code and assembly code. It produces object code.

You can compile C, C++, and assembly files in a single command. The compiler uses the filename

extensions to distinguish between different file types. See Section 2.3.9 for more information.

• The linker combines object files to create a static executable or dynamic object file. The link step is

optional, so you can compile and assemble many modules independently and link them later. See

Chapter 4 for information about linking the files.

Invoking the Linker

NOTE: By default, the compiler does not invoke the linker. You can invoke the linker by using the --

run_linker (-z)compiler option. See Section 4.1.1 for details.

For a complete description of the assembler and the linker, see the TMS320C28x Assembly Language

Tools User's Guide.

2.2 Invoking the C/C++ Compiler

To invoke the compiler, enter:

cl2000 [options] [filenames] [--run_linker [link_options] object files]]

cl2000 Command that runs the compiler and the assembler.

options Options that affect the way the compiler processes input files. The options are listed

in Table 2-6 through Table 2-28.

filenames One or more C/C++ source files and assembly language source files.

--run_linker (-z) Option that invokes the linker. The --run_linker option's short form is -z. See

Chapter 4 for more information.

link_options Options that control the linking process.

object files Names of the object files for the linking process.

The arguments to the compiler are of three types:

• Compiler options

• Link options

• Filenames

The --run_linker option indicates linking is to be performed. If the --run_linker option is used, any compiler

options must precede the --run_linker option, and all link options must follow the --run_linker option.

Source code filenames must be placed before the --run_linker option. Additional object file filenames can

be placed after the --run_linker option.

For example, if you want to compile two files named symtab.c and file.c, assemble a third file named

seek.asm, and link to create an executable program called myprogram.out, you will enter:

cl2000 symtab.c file.c seek.asm --run_linker --library=lnk.cmd

--output_file=myprogram.out

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Changing the Compiler's Behavior with Options

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Using the C/C++ Compiler

2.3 Changing the Compiler's Behavior with Options

Options control the operation of the compiler. This section provides a description of option conventions

and an option summary table. It also provides detailed descriptions of the most frequently used options,

including options used for type-checking and assembling.

For a help screen summary of the options, enter cl2000 with no parameters on the command line.

The following apply to the compiler options:

• There are typically two ways of specifying a given option. The "long form" uses a two hyphen prefix

and is usually a more descriptive name. The "short form" uses a single hyphen prefix and a

combination of letters and numbers that are not always intuitive.

• Options are usually case sensitive.

• Individual options cannot be combined.

• An option with a parameter should be specified with an equal sign before the parameter to clearly

associate the parameter with the option. For example, the option to undefine a constant can be

expressed as --undefine=name. Likewise, the option to specify the maximum amount of optimization

can be expressed as -O=3. You can also specify a parameter directly after certain options, for example

-O3 is the same as -O=3. No space is allowed between the option and the optional parameter, so -O 3

is not accepted.

• Files and options except the --run_linker option can occur in any order. The --run_linker option must

follow all compiler options and precede any linker options.

You can define default options for the compiler by using the C2000_C_OPTION environment variable. For

a detailed description of the environment variable, see Section 2.4.1.

Table 2-6 through Table 2-28 summarize all options (including link options). Use the references in the

tables for more complete descriptions of the options.

Table 2-1. Processor Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--silicon_version=28 -v28 Specifies TMS320C28x architecture. The default (and only value

accepted) is 28. This option is no longer required.

Section 2.3.4

--unified_memory -mt Generates code for the unified memory model. Section 2.3.4

--cla_support[=cla0|cla1|cla2] Specifies TMS320C28x CLA accelerator support for Type 0, Type 1,

or Type 2. Default is cla0.

Section 2.3.4

--float_support={fpu32|softlib} Specifies use of TMS320C28x 32-bit hardware floating-point support.

The default is softlib.

Section 2.3.4

--tmu_support[=tmu0] Enables support for the Trigonometric Math Unit (TMU). Using this

option also enables FPU32 support (as with --float_support=fpu32).

If this option is used but no value is specified, the default is tmu0.

Section 2.3.4

--vcu_support[=vcu0|vcu2] Specifies C28x VCU coprocessor support Type 0 or Type 2. Default

is vcu0.

Section 2.3.4

(1)

Note: Machine-specific options (see Table 2-11) can also affect optimization.

Table 2-2. Optimization Options

(1)

Option Alias Effect Section

--opt_level=off Disables all optimization (default). Section 3.1

--opt_level=n -On Level 0 (-O0) optimizes register usage only.

Level 1 (-O1) uses Level 0 optimizations and optimizes locally.

Level 2 (-O2) uses Level 1 optimizations and optimizes globally.

Level 3 (-O3) uses Level 2 optimizations and optimizes the file. ()

Level 4 (-O4) uses Level 3 optimizations and performs link-time

optimization. ()

Section 3.1,

Section 3.2,

Section 3.4

--opt_for_space=n -ms Controls code size on four levels (0, 1, 2, and 3). Section 3.13

--fp_mode={relaxed|strict} Enables or disables relaxed floating-point mode. Section 2.3.3

--fp_reassoc={on|off} Enables or disables the reassociation of floating-point arithmetic. Section 2.3.3

Changing the Compiler's Behavior with Options

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Using the C/C++ Compiler

Table 2-2. Optimization Options

(1)

(continued)

Option Alias Effect Section

--sat_reassoc={on|off} Enables or disables the reassociation of saturating arithmetic.

Default is --sat_reassoc=off.

Section 2.3.3

(1)

Note: Machine-specific options (see Table 2-11) can also affect optimization.

Table 2-3. Advanced Optimization Options

(1)

Option Alias Effect Section

--auto_inline=[size] -oi Sets automatic inlining size (--opt_level=3 only). If size is not

specified, the default is 1.

Section 3.8

--call_assumptions=n -opn Level 0 (-op0) specifies that the module contains functions and

variables that are called or modified from outside the source code

provided to the compiler.

Level 1 (-op1) specifies that the module contains variables modified

from outside the source code provided to the compiler but does not

use functions called from outside the source code.

Level 2 (-op2) specifies that the module contains no functions or

variables that are called or modified from outside the source code

provided to the compiler (default).

Level 3 (-op3) specifies that the module contains functions that are

called from outside the source code provided to the compiler but

does not use variables modified from outside the source code.

Section 3.3.1

--gen_opt_info=n -onn Level 0 (-on0) disables the optimization information file.

Level 1 (-on2) produces an optimization information file.

Level 2 (-on2) produces a verbose optimization information file.

Section 3.2.1

--opt_for_speed[=n] -mf Controls the tradeoff between size and speed (0-5 range). If this

option is specified without n, the default value is 4. If this option is

not specified, the default setting is 2.

Section 3.12

--optimizer_interlist -os Interlists optimizer comments with assembly statements. Section 3.9

--program_level_compile -pm Combines source files to perform program-level optimization. Section 3.3

--aliased_variables -ma Notifies the compiler that addresses passed to functions may be

modified by an alias in the called function.

Section 3.7.2.2

Table 2-4. Debug Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--symdebug:dwarf -g Default behavior. Enables symbolic debugging. The generation of

debug information no longer impacts optimization. Therefore,

generating debug information is enabled by default. If you explicitly

use the -g option but do not specify an optimization level, no

optimization is performed.

Section 2.3.5

Section 3.11

--symdebug:none Disables all symbolic debugging. Section 2.3.5

Section 3.11

--symdebug:profile_coff Enables profiling using the alternate STABS debugging format. Section 2.3.5

--symdebug:skeletal (Deprecated; has no effect.)

Table 2-5. Include Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--include_path=directory

-I

Adds the specified directory to the #include search path. Section 2.5.2.1

--preinclude=filename Includes filename at the beginning of compilation. Section 2.3.3

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