EMF Eclipse建模框架详解：第二版实战指南

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EMF (Eclipse Modeling Framework) 是一个强大的、基于模型驱动的开发框架，专为Eclipse集成开发环境设计。它提供了构建复杂应用程序所需的核心工具和技术，尤其是那些依赖于抽象模型进行设计和实现的应用。《EMF：Eclipse Modeling Framework 第二版》由Dave Steinberg、Frank Budinsky、Marcelo Paternostro和Ed Merks合著，由Addison-Wesley Professional出版社于2008年12月16日发行，拥有744页的深度内容。本书的第二版是对第一版的全面修订，旨在帮助开发者更有效地利用EMF解决实际问题。作者们作为项目的核心成员，提供了丰富的实践经验、深入的技术剖析和实用的代码示例，旨在加速开发过程，提升软件质量。EMF的核心优势在于其能够支持个人和非商业用途，这使得它在学术研究和小型项目中得到了广泛的应用。 EMF的设计理念是通过创建简洁的模型来构建复杂的系统，这种模型通常包括诸如类、接口、关系等元素。模型不仅定义了系统的结构，还包含了业务规则和行为逻辑。开发者可以使用EMF的API来创建、修改和操作这些模型，然后利用EMF的代码生成工具自动生成符合模型的Java代码，从而减少手动编码的工作量。书中涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **模型定义与管理**：学习如何使用Ecore（Eclipse Modeling Language for Meta-Modeling）来创建和定义模型元模型，以及如何在Eclipse工作空间中管理模型。 2. **模型转换与绑定**：理解如何将XML或其他格式的数据映射到模型，以及如何根据模型动态生成XML表示。 3. **模型查询和导航**：掌握如何使用EMF的Query Language (EQL) 进行模型查询和数据导航，提高代码的可读性和效率。 4. **代码生成与自动化**：了解如何配置和使用EMF的代码生成器，以生成符合模型的Java代码，降低手工编写重复代码的工作量。 5. **案例研究与最佳实践**：通过书中提供的实例，学习如何应用EMF处理实际开发中的挑战，如对象关系映射、领域特定语言(DSL)等。 6. **扩展与插件开发**：学习如何为EMF框架编写扩展，以满足特定项目的需求。 7. **性能优化与调试**：探讨如何优化EMF模型处理的性能，以及如何有效地调试模型驱动的代码。《EMF：Eclipse Modeling Framework 第二版》是一本全面且实用的指南，适合希望利用模型驱动开发技术的软件工程师、学生和研究人员，无论是在学术研究还是商业项目中，都能从中获益匪浅。通过阅读和实践书中的内容，读者将能更好地理解和利用EMF，从而提升软件开发的质量和效率。

EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework 2

PERSONAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE LIMITATION

Peking University Software Engineering Insistute 2009

Foreword by Mike Milinkovich

The Eclipse Modeling Framework is an exemplary open source project in many

respects. We at the Eclipse Foundation have a number of ways to value the

contributions of any one project to our community. Our criteria include industry

adoption, robust technology, stability as an extensible platform, and open and

transparent project leadership. In all of these ways and more, EMF has for many

years been one of the very best of Eclipse.

With respect to industry adoption, I have often marveled at the amazing success of

EMF. A large part of my role at the Eclipse Foundation is to travel and speak with

adopters of Eclipse technology. Whether I am speaking to startups, enterprises or

established software vendors, everywhere I go EMF is on the list of key Eclipse

technologies being used. Its ability to simplify the development of complex software

applications and products has been widely recognized. Rarely has a single

framework driven so much developer productivity in so many domains.

This adoption has largely been driven by a very simple value proposition: EMF is

great technology. Careful attention has been paid to EMF's architecture, the

completeness of its APIs, its flexibility, and its performance. And performance is key

for any technology that is going to be used in real world applications.

As a platform, EMF has transformed the modeling tools industry. Leading model

tools vendors such as Borland and IBM have based their products on EMF, making a

strategic decision that EMF is their core modeling framework of the future. Almost

every new modeling product that I have seen over the past four years has been based

on EMF.

So, EMF has clearly seen enormous adoption in the industry, but that is only half the

story. We look at EMF as a community success story as well. The EMF team has

always done an excellent job of interacting with community. Ed Merks, the leader of

the project and one of the authors of this book, is famous throughout the Eclipse

community for his prompt responses to any adopter's inquiry about EMF. That

leadership-by-example has resulted in the entire EMF team being one of the most

community-focused at Eclipse.

EMF is an enormous Eclipse community success story and I am certain that this book

will help further that success.

Mike Milinkovich

Executive Director, Eclipse Foundation

November 2008

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Preface

This book is a comprehensive introduction and developer's guide to the Eclipse

Modeling Framework (EMF). EMF is a powerful framework and code generation

facility for building Java applications based on simple model definitions. Designed to

make modeling practical and useful to the mainstream Java programmer, EMF

unifies three important technologies: Java, XML, and UML. Models can be defined

using a UML modeling tool or an XML Schema, or even by specifying simple

annotations on Java interfaces. In this last case, the developer writes just a subset of

abstract interfaces that describe the model, and the rest of the code is generated

automatically and merged back in.

By relating modeling concepts to the simple Java representations of those concepts,

EMF has successfully bridged the gap between modelers and Java programmers. It

serves as a gentle introduction to modeling for Java programmers and at the same

time as a reinforcement of the modeler's theory that a great deal of coding can be

automated, given an appropriate tool. This book shows how EMF is such a tool. It

also shows how using EMF lets you do more with your models that you might have

thought possible.

EMF provides a runtime framework that allows any modeled data to be easily

validated, persisted, and edited in a UI. Change notification and recording are

supported automatically. Metadata is available to enable generic processing of any

data using a uniform, reflective API. With all of these features and more, EMF is the

foundation for data sharing and fine-grained interoperability among tools and

applications in Eclipse, in much the same way that Eclipse is itself a platform for

integration at the component and UI level. Numerous organizations are currently

using Eclipse, EMF, and the growing number of EMF-based technologies in the

Eclipse Modeling Project as the foundation for their own commercial and open

source offerings.

This book assumes the reader is familiar with object-oriented programming concepts

and specifically with the Java programming language. Previous exposure to

modeling technologies such as UML, although helpful, is not required. Part I

(Chapters 1 to 4) provides a basic overview of the most important concepts in EMF

and modeling. This part teaches someone with basic Java programming skills

everything needed to start using EMF to model and build an application. Part II

(Chapters 5 to 9) presents a thorough overview of EMF's metamodel, Ecore, followed

by details of the mappings between Ecore and the other supported model-definition

forms: UML, annotated Java, and XML Schema. Part III (Chapters 10 to 13) includes

detailed analyses of EMF's code generator patterns and tools, followed by an

EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework 2

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end-to-end example of a non-trivial EMF application. Finally, Part IV (Chapters 14 to

21) takes a close look at EMF's runtime framework and discusses important EMF

programming techniques.

The bulk of this book is based on EMF 2.2, the last version to support the venerable

Java 1.4 language. In version 2.3, EMF adopted key language features of Java 5.0,

making it incompatible with previous Java runtimes. EMF 2.2, which was current

while much of this book was written, is therefore still popular and an excellent base

for learning about the framework. The code in Chapters 1 to 20 is based on that

version, but due to EMF's backward compatibility, all examples run without change

on version 2.4, the latest at the time of this book's release. Chapter 21 focuses

specifically on changes in EMF 2.3 and 2.4 and, as such, uses 2.4 as the basis for its

examples.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following formatting conventions are used throughout this book:

Bold— Used for the names of model elements, such as packages, classes, attributes,

and references; and of user-interface elements, including menus, buttons, tabs, and

text boxes.

Italic— Used for filenames and URIs, as well as for placeholder text that is meant to

be replaced by a particular name. New terms are often italicized for emphasis. Also,

in Chapter 9's example mappings, items shown purely to provide context appear in

italics.

Courier— Used for all code samples and for in-text references to code elements,

including the names of Java packages, classes, interfaces, methods, fields, variables,

and keywords. Plug-in names, command lines, and elements of non-Java files,

including XML, also appear in this font.

Courier Bold— Used to emphasize portions of code samples, usually new insertions

or changes.

Courier Strikethrough— Used in code samples to indicate that text should be

deleted.

Online Examples

The Web site for this book is located at

http://www.informit.com/title/9780321331885. All of the example models and code

used throughout this book can be downloaded from there. The site will also provide

an errata list, and other news related to the book.

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Eclipse and EMF are required to use the examples. You can download one of several

Eclipse packages (we recommend Eclipse Classic) at

http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ and the all-in-one EMF SDK at

http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/emf/downloads/.

Acknowledgments

This book would not have been possible without the contributions of many people.

First and foremost, we must thank those who reviewed our early drafts, pointed out

our errors, and helped us improve our writing with their thoughtful feedback: Chris

Aniszczyk, Chris Daly, Kenn Hussey, Elena Litani, and Kevin Williams. Kenn and

Elena, in particular, also deserve acknowledgement for their major contributions to

EMF as committers on the project. We also thank Stefan Baramov and Reinhold

Bihler for their feedback on the Rough Cuts version of the book. We are grateful to

Richard Gronback and Mike Milinkovich for their kind and insightful Forewords. A

big thanks also goes to Greg Doench and Michelle Housley at Pearson, and to our

production manager Mary Sudul, for their skill and patience in steering us through

this process.

Of course, there are many more people who have contributed to EMF, and without

them, this book would have been much shorter and not nearly as interesting. Thanks

to Lucas Bigeardel, Boris Bokowski, Nick Boldt, Steve Brodsky, Cedric Brun, Ian Bull,

Christian Damus, Dmitry Denisov, Raymond Ellersick, Tim Grose, Michael Hanner,

Anthony Hunter, Sridhar Iyengar, Bernd Kolb, Daniel Leroux, Kim Letkeman,

Martin Nally, Frederic Plante, Bertrand Portier, Barbara Price, Tom Schindl, David

Sciamma, Neil Skrypuch, Eike Stepper, and Martin Taal. EMF truly is a community

effort, and there are countless members of the community who have contributed in

various ways. It would be impossible to name them all, but we are deeply

appreciative of everyone who has reported bugs, offered patches, provided feedback,

written articles, answered other users' questions, promoted EMF, and created or

contributed to related components in the Eclipse Modeling Project. Thanks also to

the wider Eclipse community, and to all the talented people at the Eclipse

Foundation who have nurtured and supported it.

Finally, we wish to express our love and appreciation to our partners, spouses, and

families. Writing this book was no small task, and we couldn't have done it without

their support.

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