Objective-C入门指南：书籍精华版

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" Beginning Objective-C 文字版-完整书签" 本书是关于Objective-C编程语言的入门教程，适合初学者了解并掌握Objective-C的基础知识。Objective-C是一种强大的面向对象的编程语言，尤其在苹果的iOS和macOS开发中扮演着核心角色。关于作者和技术审阅者：书中介绍了作者和审阅者的相关信息，他们都是在Objective-C领域有深厚经验的专业人士，为读者提供了权威的学习指导。致谢：作者在书中表达了对支持他们的人员和机构的感激之情，这通常包括同行、家人、编辑和出版社等。主要内容概览： 1. 第1章：开始学习Objective-C - 本章引导读者进入Objective-C的世界，介绍编程环境的设置、基本语法和概念，帮助初学者建立编程基础。 2. 第2章：面向对象编程 - 阐述了面向对象编程的核心概念，如类、对象、继承、多态和封装，帮助理解Objective-C中的面向对象设计。 3. 第3章：基础API - 讲解Objective-C中常用的基础库和API，如Foundation框架，为后续的程序开发打下坚实基础。 4. 第4章：Objective-C语言特性 - 深入讨论Objective-C特有的语法特性，如消息传递、协议、分类和Category等。 5. 第5章：使用文件系统 - 教导读者如何在Objective-C中与文件系统交互，包括读写文件、管理目录等操作。 6. 第6章：网络编程 - 介绍如何进行网络连接、数据传输以及云服务的集成，包括HTTP请求、Socket编程和 iCloud等。 7. 第7章：用户界面与应用框架 - 解析使用ApplicationKit创建用户界面的方法，包括控件、事件处理和界面布局。 8. 第8章：Core Data数据管理 - 详述苹果的持久化框架Core Data，包括模型设计、数据存储和查询操作。 9. 第9章：编写应用程序 - 指导读者如何将前面章节学到的知识整合，实际构建一个完整的应用程序。 10. 第10章：编码之后：分发你的应用程序 - 讨论应用程序的发布流程，包括应用商店提交、测试和版本管理等。索引：书末提供了一个全面的索引，方便读者查找特定主题或技术。通过这本书，读者可以系统地学习Objective-C语言，从基础到进阶，逐步掌握开发iOS和macOS应用程序所需的技能。无论是对于个人开发者还是团队成员，这本书都是一个宝贵的资源。

CHAPTER 1: Getting Started with Objective-C

DELEGATES

The concept of a delegate is not peculiar to Objective-C, but due to the language’s dynamic nature it is one of the

core techniques used by the system libraries. A delegate object is an object that conforms to some predefined

protocol—a list of methods it agrees to implement—by which another object can request that it undertake some

actions or make some decisions on the other’s behalf. For instance, a text field’s delegate might check the text being

entered and tell the text field to reject certain characters.

Delegation is a very powerful tool and is the reason why Objective-C applications rarely tend to subclass classes

such as the Application class: instead, a delegate object is created to make the important decisions and leaves

the Application instance alone to handle the guts of making the app “go.”

5. Select Hello App Delegate from the pop-up menu. In the Model Key

Path field enter self.userName.

6. Check the “Continuously Updates Value” checkbox. The result should

look like that in Figure 1-9.

Figure 1-9. Binding the text field’s value

CHAPTER 1: Getting Started with Objective-C

Types and Variables

The C language (and thus Objective-C) is a statically-typed and imperative language. This means

that each variable must have its type declared before it can be used. The values of variables can

change (this is, after all, why we call them “variable”) but their types cannot.

double d = 4.789203;

int x = 78;

d = d + 10.0;

x = x + 5;

x = x + 8.3; // invalid-- a type error!

C defines a number of built-in scalar types; however, the sizes of some of these types change

depending upon the system in use. Since we’re targeting OS X and iOS, there is only one

difference to bear in mind, that of the long int type.

int: A 32-bit signed integer value.

short int (or just short): A 16-bit signed integer value.

char: An 8-bit signed integer value, commonly used to represent an ASCII

character using single quotes (e.g., char c = 'a';).

long int (or just long): On 32-bit systems (such as iOS) and smaller, it’s a

32-bit signed type (the same as int). On 64-bit OS X, this is a 64-bit

signed type.

long long int (or long long): A 64-bit signed integer type.

float: A 32-bit single-precision floating-point value.

double: A 64-bit double-precision floating-point value.

long double: A 128-bit double-precision floating-point value.

void: No type specified. Can only be used as a return type for a function

(“function returns nothing”) or as the type of data referenced by a pointer.

All of the integral types above are signed by default, meaning that one bit of information is used

to record whether they are positive or negative. Using the unsigned keyword prior to the type

(e.g., unsigned int) can reclaim that bit. This will give a full n bits of precision, at the expense of

only handling positive values.

C also provides the concepts of structures and arrays. Structures are larger types that consist of

smaller types arranged in a specific order.

struct telephone

{

unsigned int area_code;

unsigned int number;

unsigned int extension;

};

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