Python编程入门指南：嵌入式微控制器实战

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《用Python编程微控制器：体验嵌入式Python的力量》是一本由Armstrong Subero编著的深入指南，旨在帮助读者掌握如何利用Python这门现代编程语言来开发和控制微控制器。本书适合对Python有兴趣，但希望将其应用于嵌入式系统设计的工程师和开发者，特别是那些想要将Python的易读性和灵活性引入到硬件交互中的专业人士。该书的核心内容包括以下几个关键知识点： 1. **Python入门与微控制器环境**：章节首先介绍Python的基础概念，如语法、数据类型、控制结构等，并逐步引导读者设置和配置适合微控制器开发的Python环境，例如使用像Pyboard或CircuitPython这样的Python扩展库。 2. **嵌入式Python特性**：讲解Python在嵌入式领域的独特优势，比如代码简洁、可移植性、易于维护以及与C语言的良好交互能力。书中可能涉及Python在资源受限设备上的优化策略。 3. **硬件接口与通信**：通过实例展示如何使用Python与微控制器的传感器、执行器、以及外部通信协议（如UART、SPI、I2C）进行高效通信。这包括使用Paho MQTT或socket编程实现网络连接。 4. **系统编程与实时控制**：探讨如何利用Python进行底层系统管理，如任务调度、中断处理、内存管理等，以实现更复杂的实时应用。 5. **项目实战与案例研究**：书中包含多个实际项目的详细步骤，如智能家居控制器、物联网节点、简单机器人控制等，帮助读者在实践中巩固所学知识。 6. **版权与许可**：强调了版权信息，指出所有内容受版权保护，未经许可不得复制、传播或修改。读者可以通过指定的电子版ISBN和DOI获取合法授权。通过这本书，读者不仅可以提升Python编程技能，还能了解如何在嵌入式领域中发挥其潜力，实现高效、灵活且易于维护的微控制器解决方案。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的工程师，都能从中受益，拓宽技术视野，提高开发效率。

xix

Acknowledgments

I want to thank my family.

I want to thank everyone who ever said anything positive to me or

taught me something. I heard it all, and it meant something.

I want to thank God most of all, because without God I wouldn’t be

able to do any of this.

The advancements in technology that brought us smartphones and

tablets have given billions of people access to computers. However, these

handheld devices aren’t the only computers that exist. What if I told you

that the billions of smartphones in use pale when compared to another

kind of computing device that silently surrounds us? In fact, there are

probably a half dozen or more of these devices in the room with you right

now. These miniature computers are called microcontrollers, or MCUs, and

they can be found all around us.

Microcontrollers are small, intelligent, programmable computers that

we use to perform tasks that are repetitive or that require some level of

intelligent control without the need for human interaction. Microcontroller

devices have a fraction of the computing power of a device like your

smartphone or tablet, but they have many, many uses. Any device around

you that reacts to a button press, displays information, or makes sounds

when something is wrong is most likely controlled by a microcontroller.

From calculators to TVs to microwaves and dishwashers, almost every

household device you can think of contains a microcontroller.

If you are familiar with computers, you are sure to have heard of a

central processing unit (CPU) or a microprocessor: the brain behind your

computer. A microprocessor lets a computer perform many functions. One

day you might use your computer to type a document, the next to stream

your favorite movie, and so on. The microprocessor has a lot of supporting

circuitry, including memory and input and output chips, that allows it to

carry out all these tasks. These are usually part of the motherboard that

houses the microprocessor.

A microcontroller takes all the supporting chips that are required to

make a microprocessor work and places them on a single chip. This is

why a microcontroller is called a single-chip computer. A microcontroller

still operates like the microprocessor, but it is designed to only do

a single task and to do it as efficiently as possible. For this reason, a

microcontroller chip contains the minimum amount of processing power

required to do its task.

Chapter 1 GettinG ready

Firmware, Memory, andClock Speed

Like general-purpose computers, microcontrollers work by running

programs. Because microcontrollers perform limited functions, the

programs written for them are not expected to change frequently. For that

reason, programs written for microcontrollers are called firmware. This

firmware is usually stored as a binary file (with a .bin file extension) or a

hex file which is a text-represented binary file (having a .hex file extension);

this file contains the memory content that is written on flash, and thus

it is ready to be run on the microcontroller. A special device called a

programmer loads this binary file into the microcontroller’s memory.

The memory consists of two parts: the main memory (sometimes

called program memory) and the random-access memory (RAM,

sometimes called data memory). The main memory is nonvolatile,

whereas RAM is volatile. This means that when the microcontroller is not

powered, the information contained in RAM will disappear, whereas the

information in the main memory will be retained. For this reason, the

main memory is also called read-only memory (ROM). Its contents are

designed to be mainly read, whereas RAM is designed to have its contents

changed by the user during runtime.

In a general-purpose computer system, usually a program is loaded

into RAM before it is executed. Microcontroller systems are a bit different.

In a microcontroller, the firmware is executed directly from ROM, and

RAM is used to do things such as to store temporary information that

aids in running the firmware (these are usually runtime variables and can

contain a stack or a heap, special memory structures).

Some microcontroller devices can have their ROM contents

programmed into them from the factory and cannot be changed by

the end user once they are put into a device. These are called one-

time programmable (OTP) devices, and they are cheaper and easier to

manufacture. Usually though, the ROM is made of flash memory, meaning

that it can be programmed and changed after manufacturing.

Chapter 1 GettinG ready

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