SystemC 2.0 功能规范：系统级建模增强

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"SystemC 2.0 功能规范20.pdf" SystemC 2.0 是一个系统级建模的扩展，它在SystemC 1.0的基础上提供了更多的功能，使得用户能够更有效地模拟通信和同步机制，甚至可以在SystemC环境中实现新的计算模型。这个功能规范的目标读者应具备C++语言基础以及对硬件描述语言（如Verilog或VHDL）的了解。 SystemC 2.0的主要特点和新特性包括： 1. **新建模构造**：引入了新的系统级建模构造，这些构造使用户能够更清晰地建模系统内的通信和同步。这些新特性增强了对复杂系统行为的表示能力。 2. **通信和同步的通用性**：SystemC 2.0的新通信和同步机制足够通用，以至于SystemC 1.0中的所有通信和同步机制现在都可以基于这些新特性来构建。这意味着向后兼容性得到了保障，所有的SystemC 1.0设计在SystemC 2.0中仍然有效。 3. **C++基础**：SystemC语言是完全基于C++的，其建模构造以C++类库的形式提供。因此，熟悉C++的开发者可以更自然地学习和使用SystemC。 4. **扩展性与兼容性**：SystemC 2.0是SystemC 1.0的超集，确保了旧有设计的兼容性。这使得现有的SystemC 1.0代码无需修改即可在新版本中运行。 5. **文档复制权限**：根据SystemC开源许可证，用户有权复制文档，但必须包含所有的版权、商标、服务标志和专有权利通知。 6. **技术数据出口控制**：文档中的所有技术数据受美国出口管制法律的约束，阅读者有责任确定适用的法规并遵守。 7. **免责声明**：贡献者及其授权方不提供任何关于此材料的保证，包括但不限于隐含的适销性和适用于特定目的的保证。通过这些新特性，SystemC 2.0成为了一个更强大、更灵活的工具，特别适合进行系统级的硬件/软件协同仿真和设计探索。对于系统级设计者来说，掌握SystemC 2.0的这些功能将极大地提高其设计和验证的效率。

4. MODEL OF TIME

In SystemC 1.0, a real-valued and relative model of time is employed, i.e., the global clock is

of type double and its time units do not have any relationship to absolute time, such as seconds or

nanoseconds. For IP exchange, is should be possible to specify absolute time. Furthermore, an

integer-valued model of time has certain advantages over a real-valued model of time. SystemC

2.0 uses an absolute and integer-valued model of time.

4.1 ABSOLUTE TIME VS. RELATIVE TIME

In SystemC 1.0, we can create a clock as follows:

sc_clock clk( “clk”, 20 );

This creates a clock with a period of 20 time units. The user can interpret this as 20 nanoseconds,

or 20 seconds, etc. If there are other clocks in the system, the interpretation of the time unit

should be the same. But SystemC does not enforce or check this, since the time unit is relative. It

is not possible to deliver an IP block that has a clock with a period of, for example, exactly 20

nanoseconds, independent of the system it is integrated into.

What we want to be able to write is, for example

sc_clock clk( “clk”, 20, SC_NS );

, or

sc_time t1( 20, SC_NS );

sc_clock clk( “clk”, t1 );

, which in both cases creates a clock with a period of 20 nanoseconds.

4.2 INTEGER-VALUED VS. REAL-VALUED

A real-valued model of time has the advantage that the (dynamic) range of time values is

much larger than in an integer-valued model of time. But when we look at problems such as

underflow, overflow, and rounding of time values when additions or conversions occur, an

integer-valued model of time has clear advantages.

Underflow can occur, for example, when a very small time value is added to a very large time

value. With real-valued time values, this results in the very large time value (i.e., the very small

time value is “lost”). With integer-valued time values, underflow cannot occur.

Overflow occurs when the resulting time value cannot be represented by the underlying data

type. With integer-valued time values this is more of a problem then with real-valued time values.

The last problem has to do with rounding. If time is represented as an integer, then models

may try to wait for a period of time which does not exactly match integer time units. This will be

particularly common if delays are computed by estimation or delay calculation tools.

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