SD卡2.0物理层规范详解

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"SD卡2.0协议.pdf是SD卡协会发布的官方2.0物理层协议文档，由松下、闪迪和东芝等公司共同制定。这份文档详细阐述了SD卡2.0版本的物理层规范，包含了自1.10版本以来的更新和改进。" SD卡2.0协议是SD卡技术发展的一个重要里程碑，它在1.10版本的基础上进行了多项提升和扩展，旨在提高存储设备的性能和兼容性。以下是对SD卡2.0协议关键知识点的详细说明： 1. **速度等级**：SD卡2.0引入了新的速度等级，如Class 10，这表示最低持续写入速度为10MB/s，提升了数据传输速率，尤其对于高清视频和其他大数据量应用来说，提供了更快的读写体验。 2. **Ultra High Speed (UHS)**：2.0版本引入了UHS接口，包括UHS-I和UHS-II。UHS-I支持最高理论速度达到104MB/s，而UHS-II通过增加额外的数据线，速度进一步提升到最高312MB/s，极大地提高了数据传输效率。 3. **容量扩展**：SD卡2.0规范支持更高的存储容量，例如最大可达2TB（Terabyte），满足了大容量存储需求，适应了数字媒体和大数据应用的发展。 4. **电源管理**：2.0版本优化了电源管理功能，允许设备在低功耗模式下工作，这对于移动设备来说非常重要，可以延长电池寿命。 5. **错误校验与数据保护**：协议中强化了错误检测和纠正机制，例如CRC（Cyclic Redundancy Check）和ECC（Error Correction Code），确保数据的完整性和可靠性。 6. **安全特性**：SD卡2.0增强了安全功能，支持版权保护技术，如Content Protection for Recordable Media (CPRM)，以防止未经授权的复制和分发内容。 7. **兼容性**：尽管增加了新特性，但2.0版本仍然保持了向后兼容性，能够正常工作在支持早期版本SD卡的设备上。 8. **命令集**：2.0协议可能包含对SD卡命令集的扩展，以支持更多的操作和功能，如SDIO（Secure Digital Input/Output）命令，用于扩展非存储功能，如Wi-Fi模块或GPS接收器。 9. **热插拔与即插即用**：SD卡2.0协议继续支持热插拔和即插即用功能，方便用户在设备间快速移动数据。 10. **环境耐受性**：考虑到SD卡可能在各种环境下使用，2.0协议规定了卡片的耐用性标准，包括温度范围、湿度、冲击和振动等，确保其在恶劣条件下也能稳定工作。 SD卡2.0协议的发布，标志着SD卡技术在速度、容量、安全性和易用性等多个方面取得了显著进步，为数字设备的数据存储和传输提供了更为高效和可靠的解决方案。

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 2.00

3. SD Memory Card System Concept

Description here is a blank for the Simplified Specification.

3.1 Read-Write Property

In terms of read-write property, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Read/Write (RW) cards (Flash, One Time Programmable - OTP, Multiple Time Programmable -

MTP). These cards are typically sold as blank (empty) media and are used for mass data storage,

end user video, audio or digital image recording

• Read Only Memory (ROM) cards. These cards are manufactured with fixed data content. They are

typically used as a distribution media for software, audio, video etc.

3.2 Supply Voltage

In terms of operating supply voltage, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• High Voltage SD Memory Cards that can operate within the voltage range of 2.7-3.6 V.

• Dual Voltage SD Memory Cards –Dual Voltage SD Memory Cards that can operate within the

voltage range of Low Voltage Range (T.B.D) and 2.7-3.6 V.

Note that details of Dual Voltage SD Memory Card will be defined in future specification.

3.3 Card Capacity

In terms of capacity, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Standard Capacity SD Memory Cards supports capacity up to and including 2 G bytes (2

bytes).

All versions of the Physical Specifications define the Standard Capacity SD Memory Card.

• High Capacity SD Memory Cards supports capacity more than 2 G bytes (2

bytes) and this version

of specification limits capacity up to and including 32 GB. High Capacity SD Memory Card is newly

defined from the Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00.

Only hosts that are compliant to the Physical Layer Specification version 2.00 or higher and the SD File

System Specification Ver2.00 can access High Capacity SD Memory Cards. Other hosts fail to initialize

High Capacity SD Memory Cards (See Figure 3-1).

Note:

1. The Part 1 Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00 and Part 2 File System Specification

Version 2.00 allow Standard Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and

including 2 GB and High Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and including

32 GB. SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 32 GB will be available with updated

versions of Part 1 and Part 2 Specifications.

2. Hosts that can access (read and/or write) SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 2

GB and up to and including 32 GB, shall also be able to access SD Memory Cards with a

capacity of 2 GB or less.

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 2.00

3.5 Bus Topology

This section is a blank for the Simplified Specification.

3.6 Bus Protocol

3.6.1 SD Bus

Communication over the SD bus is based on command and data bit streams that are initiated by a start

bit and terminated by a stop bit.

• Command: a command is a token that starts an operation. A command is sent from the host either

to a single card (addressed command) or to all connected cards (broadcast command). A command

is transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Response: a response is a token that is sent from an addressed card, or (synchronously) from all

connected cards, to the host as an answer to a previously received command. A response is

transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Data: data can be transferred from the card to the host or vice versa. Data is transferred via the

data lines.

Figure 3-2: “no response” and “no data” Operations

Card addressing is implemented using a session address, assigned to the card during the initialization

phase. The structure of commands, responses and data blocks is described in Chapter 4. The basic

transaction on the SD bus is the command/response transaction (refer to Figure 3-2). This type of bus

transaction transfers their information directly within the command or response structure. In addition,

some operations have a data token.

Data transfers to/from the SD Memory Card are done in blocks. Data blocks are always succeeded by

CRC bits. Single and multiple block operations are defined. Note that the Multiple Block operation mode

is better for faster write operation. A multiple block transmission is terminated when a stop command

follows on the CMD line. Data transfer can be configured by the host to use single or multiple data lines.

command response

block read operation

data stop operation

CMD

DAT

from

host

to card

stop command

stops data transfer

data from card

to host

from

card

to host

data block crc

data block crc data block crc

multiple block read operation

Figure 3-3: (Multiple) Block Read Operation

The block write operation uses a simple busy signaling of the write operation duration on the DAT0 data

line (see Figure 3-4) regardless of the number of data lines used for transferring the data.

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