RFID图书馆应用：ISO28560-2标准详解

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"BS ISO28560-2:2011 是一份关于图书馆RFID（无线射频识别）技术的国际标准，旨在规定RFID数据元素的编码规则，该规则基于ISO/IEC 15962的标准。这份标准由英国标准化机构BSI发布，并作为英国的国家标准实施。" BS ISO28560-2:2011详细解释了在图书馆环境中如何有效地应用RFID技术。RFID（Radio Frequency Identification）是一种非接触式的自动识别技术，通过无线电频率信号识别特定目标并读取或写入相关数据，无需人工干预，适用于大规模、快速的数据采集和管理。该标准的第二部分主要关注RFID数据元素的编码。它规定了如何将图书馆中的各种信息，如图书编号、作者、出版日期等，按照ISO/IEC 15962的规则进行编码，以便于RFID标签的制作和数据交换。这包括但不限于图书的唯一标识符、馆藏信息、借阅状态等关键数据的标准化表示。 ISO/IEC 15962是RFID数据结构和编码的国际标准，它定义了如何在RFID标签上存储和处理数据的框架。BS ISO28560-2:2011则专门针对图书馆环境，确保这些数据能够适应图书馆的业务流程，例如图书的借阅、归还、定位以及库存管理等。英国的国家标准委员会IDT/2/7负责计算机在信息和文档应用方面的技术工作，他们参与了该标准的制定过程。标准的使用者应确保正确地应用这些规范，因为它不包含所有合同所需的所有条款。BSI强调，遵守标准并不能豁免法律义务。这份标准的发布日期为2011年4月30日，可能随着时间的推移发布修订和修正。任何后续的修改都会在文本中明确指出，以确保用户始终使用最新的版本。 BS ISO28560-2:2011对于提升全球图书馆的自动化管理水平，提高工作效率，减少人为错误，以及促进图书馆之间的信息共享具有重要意义。通过统一的数据编码标准，RFID技术在图书馆领域的应用更加规范化和便捷化。

BS ISO 28560-2:2011

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-2:2011(E)

Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —

Part 2:

Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from

ISO/IEC 15962

1 Scope

This part of ISO 28560 specifies a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency identification

(RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including academic, public, corporate,

special and school libraries). The rules for encoding a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data

elements defined in ISO 28560-1 are based on ISO/IEC 15962, which uses an object identifier structure to

identify data elements.

This part of ISO 28560 defines the technical characteristics required to encode the data elements defined in

ISO 28560-1 in accordance with ISO/IEC 15962. These subsets of data elements can be different on different

items in the same library. The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on the RFID tag in

any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable length and variable

format data.

This part of ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. A source of

additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated

references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced

document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/IEC 15961-1, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management: Data

protocol — Part 1: Application interface

ISO/IEC 15962, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management — Data

protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions

ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3:

Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz

ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test

methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance

ISO/IEC TR 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test

methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz

ISO 28560-1, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 1: Data elements and general

guidelines for implementation

BS ISO 28560-2:2011

ISO 28560-2:2011(E)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1

access method

component of the DSFID (3.8) that is responsible for declaring the ISO/IEC 15962 compaction and encoding

rules on an RFID tag

3.2

air interface protocol

rules of communication between an RFID interrogator and the RFID tag of a particular type, covering:

frequency, modulation, bit encoding and command sets

3.3

application command

instruction issued from the application to the ISO/IEC 15962 data protocol processor in order to initiate an

action or operation with the RFID tag(s) via the interrogator

3.4

AFI

application family identifier

mechanism used in the data protocol and the air interface protocol (3.2) to select a class of RFID tags

relevant to an application, or aspect of an application, and to ignore further communications with other classes

of RFID tags with different identifiers

3.5

arc

specific branch of an object identifier tree, with new arcs added as required to define a particular object

NOTE The top three arcs of all object identifiers are compliant with ISO/IEC 9834-1, ensuring uniqueness.

3.6

data format

mechanism used in the data protocol to identify how object identifiers (3.11) are encoded on the RFID tag,

and (where possible) identify a particular data dictionary for the set of relevant object identifiers for that

application

NOTE The data format declares the Root-OID (3.13) in an efficient manner, so that a complete object identifier (3.11)

can be reconstructed for external communications.

3.7

data protocol process

implementation of the processes defined in ISO/IEC 15962, including data compaction, formatting, support of

the command/response unit, and an interface to the tag driver

3.8

DSFID

data storage format identifier

code that consists of, at least, the access method (3.1) and data format (3.6)

3.9

digital vandalism

unauthorized modification of data on an RFID tag that either renders it unusable or falsely represents another

identifier

3.10

metadata

type of data or information about data

BS ISO 28560-2:2011

ISO 28560-2:2011(E)

NOTE In the context of this part of ISO 28560, metadata (3.10) can be the Relative-OID (3.12) in relation to the data,

the precursor in relation to the compacted and encoded bytes, or the AFI (3.4) and DSFID (3.8) in relation to the data.

3.11

object identifier

value (distinguishable from all other such values), which is associated with an object

3.12

Relative-OID

particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the remaining arcs (3.5) after the Root-OID (3.13)

3.13

Root-OID

particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the first, second and subsequent common arcs (3.5) of a set

of object identifiers (hence the common root)

3.14

tag driver

implementation of the process to transfer data between the data protocol processor and the RFID tag

4 Applicability and relationship with other systems

4.1 Figure 1 gives an overview of the relationship of this part of ISO 28560 with other systems. This part of

ISO 28560 defines a set of technical features while addressing a number of operational issues. This part of

ISO 28560 interfaces with four other activities, but with a clearly defined overlap. These other activities are

⎯ the circulation of library materials,

⎯ the data requirements of publishers, printers and other suppliers,

⎯ the inter-library loan processes, and

⎯ the details of borrowers, including membership cards.

4.2 Figure 1 also shows that there is a direct relationship with supply chain activities, and internally within

the library with RFID circulation devices and the library management system including interfaces such as SIP2

and NCIP.

As the use of RFID in libraries moves towards a more standardized approach as defined in this part of

ISO 28560, the characteristics and architecture systems will change compared to those already established.

To achieve interoperability with equipment and software, the required features include

⎯ the air interface protocol, which defines the way readers and tags communicate with one another,

⎯ the data protocol, which defines the encoding rules that convert application-based data to the encoded

bytes on the RFID tag; the data protocol also defines metadata features in the RFID tag to protect the

integrity of RFID for library systems in relation to other RFID applications,

⎯ the set of data elements that form the dictionary from which individual libraries may choose those that are

most appropriate for their operation.

4.3 By adopting this part of ISO 28560, libraries will have increased flexibility with a number of features as

follows.

⎯ Beyond the minimum of mandatory data elements defined in the standard, libraries will be able to choose

from the optional data elements those that are more appropriate to its application, even varying these for

different types of item.

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