Node.js实战精要

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"《Node.js in Practice》是Alex Young和Marc Harter合著的一本关于Node.js实战的书籍，由Manning出版社出版。书中详细介绍了Node.js在实际开发中的应用，包含115种技术技巧。" Node.js是一种基于Chrome V8引擎的JavaScript运行环境，它允许开发者使用JavaScript进行服务器端编程，打破了JavaScript只能在浏览器中运行的传统。这本书的出现旨在帮助开发者深入理解并掌握Node.js的实际应用，提升开发效率。书中的内容可能涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **事件驱动编程**：Node.js的核心特性之一就是其事件驱动模型。通过非阻塞I/O和事件循环机制，Node.js能够高效处理大量并发请求，这是它在高并发场景下表现出色的原因。 2. **模块系统**：Node.js拥有强大的模块化系统，便于代码组织和复用。CommonJS规范使得模块间的依赖可以被明确地管理，提升了代码的可维护性。 3. **异步编程**：Node.js的API设计大部分都是异步的，开发者需要熟悉回调函数、Promise以及现在更推崇的async/await来处理异步操作，避免回调地狱。 4. **网络编程**：包括HTTP服务器的创建、WebSocket通信、TCP套接字等，这些都是构建Web服务的基础。 5. **文件系统操作**：Node.js提供了对文件系统进行读写操作的API，开发者可以轻松实现文件的创建、读取、修改和删除。 6. **数据库集成**：Node.js可以与各种数据库（如MongoDB、MySQL、PostgreSQL等）进行交互，通过ORM（对象关系映射）工具简化数据库操作。 7. **中间件框架**：如Express.js，它是Node.js中广泛使用的Web应用程序框架，提供了一套简洁的路由和中间件系统。 8. **包管理器NPM**：Node.js的包管理器NPM是世界上最大的开源库生态系统，开发者可以利用NPM快速安装和管理项目依赖。 9. **性能优化**：包括日志管理、错误处理、内存管理和性能监控，这些都是保证Node.js应用程序稳定性和性能的重要方面。 10. **测试和调试**：了解如何使用Mocha、Chai等测试框架编写单元测试和集成测试，以及如何利用debug模块进行问题定位。 11. **实时应用开发**：如实时聊天应用、协作工具等，Node.js的实时性使其在这些领域表现出色。通过阅读《Node.js in Practice》，读者不仅可以学习到Node.js的基本概念和原理，还能了解到如何在实际项目中应用这些知识，解决开发过程中遇到的问题。书中的115个技术技巧将涵盖各种实际场景，让开发者能够在实践中不断进步和成长。

preface

When Node.js arrived in 2009, we knew something was different. JavaScript on the server

wasn’t anything new. In fact, server-side JavaScript has existed almost as long as client-

side JavaScript. With Node, the speed of the JavaScript runtimes, coupled with the event-

based parallelism that many JavaScript programmers were already familiar with, were

indeed compelling. And not just for client-side JavaScript developers, which was our

background—Node attracted developers from the systems level to various server-side

backgrounds,

PHP to Ruby to Java. We all found ourselves inside this movement.

At that time, Node was changing a lot, but we stuck with it and learned a whole lot

in the process. From the start, Node focused on making a small, low-level core library

that would provide enough functionality for a large, diverse user space to grow.

Thankfully, this large and diverse user space exists today because of these design deci-

sions early on. Node is a lot more stable now and used in production for numerous

startups as well as established enterprises.

When Manning approached us about writing an intermediate-level book on Node,

we looked at the lessons we had learned as well as common pitfalls and struggles we

saw in the Node community. Although we loved the huge number of truly excellent

third-party modules available to developers, we noticed many developers were getting

less and less education on the core foundations of Node. So we set out to write Node in

Practice to journey into the roots and foundations of Node in a deep and thorough

manner, as well as tackle many issues we personally have faced and have seen others

wrestle with.

ABOUT THIS BOOK

xix

Node.js’s purpose and function. Then chapters 2 through 8 each cover in depth a dif-

ferent core aspect of Node from buffers to streams, networking to child processes.

Part 2 focuses on real-world development recipes. Chapters 9 through 12 will help

you master four highly applicable skills—testing, web development, debugging, and

running Node in production. In addition to Node core modules, these sections

include the use of various third-party modules.

Part 3 guides you through creating your own Node modules in a straightforward

manner that ties in all kinds of ways to use npm commands for packaging, running,

testing, benchmarking, and sharing modules. It also includes helpful tips on version-

ing projects effectively.

There are 115 techniques in the book, each module covering a specific Node.js

topic or task, and each divided into practical Problem/Solution/Discussion sections.

Code conventions and downloads

All source code in the book is in a

fixed-width

font

this

, which sets it off from

the surrounding text. In many listings, the code is annotated to point out the key con-

cepts, and numbered bullets are sometimes used in the text to provide additional

information about the code.

This book’s coding style is based on the Google JavaScript Style Guide.

That

means we’ve put

var

statements on their own lines, used

camelCase

to format func-

tion and variable names, and we always use semicolons. Our style is a composite of the

various JavaScript styles used in the Node community.

Most of the code shown in the book can be found in various forms in the sample

source code that accompanies it. The sample code can be downloaded free of charge

from the Manning website at www.manning.com/Node.jsinPractice, as well as from

GitHub at the following link: https://github.com/alexyoung/nodeinpractice.

Author Online forum

Purchase of Node.js in Practice includes free access to a private web forum run by Man-

ning Publications where you can make comments about the book, ask technical ques-

tions, and receive help from the authors and from other users. To access the forum

and subscribe to it, point your web browser to www.manning.com/Node.jsinPractice.

This page provides information on how to get on the forum once you’re registered,

what kind of help is available, and the rules of conduct on the forum.

The Author Online forum and the archives of previous discussions will be accessi-

ble from the publisher’s website as long as the book is in print.

You can also contact the authors at the following Google Group

URL: https://

groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/nodejsinpractice.

https://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/javascriptguide.xml

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