Joint Fair Resource Allocation for Opportunistic Spectrum
Sharing in OFDM-based Cognitive Radio Networks
Yanbo Ma
School of Management
Science and Engineering,
Shandong University of
Finance and Economics,
Jinan, China
yanboma@sdufe.edu.cn
Piming Ma
Wireless Mobile
Communication and
Transmission Laboratory,
Shandong University,
Jinan, China
mapiming@sdu.edu.cn
Haixia Zhang
Wireless Mobile
Communication and
Transmission Laboratory,
Shandong University,
Jinan, China
haixia.zhang@sdu.edu.cn
ABSTRACT
This papers considers a cooperative Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based cognitive radio net-
work, where the primary system leases a fraction of its sub-
carriers to the secondary system in exchange for the sec-
ondary users (SUs) acting as decode-and-forward relays. Our
aim is to determine an fair resource allocation strategies
among the primary user and SUs as so to maximize the
network capacity. To this end, a network utility maximiza-
tion optimization problem of power, subcarrier allocation
and relay selection is formulated based on a class of α-fair
utility. This problem is solved by applying the lagrangian
dual method and a joint fair resource allocation policy at the
SUs is derived in a closed-form expression. Moreover, a novel
stochastic algorithm is developed to approach the optimal
policy by dynamically learning the intended wireless chan-
nels. Simulation results demonstrate that both primary and
secondary systems can benefit from the proposed resource
allocation policy.
Categories and Subject Descriptors
G.1.6 [Optimization]: Convex programming
General Terms
Algorithms
1. INTRODUCTION
The cognitive radio network (CRN) has been proposed as a
method to solve the spectrum scarcity problem by allowing
the secondary users (SUs) to dynamically access the licensed
frequency bands or spectrum holes left by the primary users
(PUs). In most of the works on dynamic spectrum access,
SUs do not participate directly in the primary data trans-
mission. And the secondary transmission is regarded as a
harmful interference to the PUs. Recently, a new coopera-
tion strategy between the primary system and the secondary
system, named as spectrum leasing, was proposed in [1].
Therein, PUs lease their band to SUs for a fraction of time in
exchange for SUs acting as relays to assist the primary trans-
mission. This cooperative scheme can enhance the overall
performance of both the primary and secondary systems.
In this paper we focus on this cooperative communication
scheme joint with spectrum leasing.
There has been a variety of research work dealing with topic.
And quite a lot good solutions have been proposed. As a
summary, those previous researches can be divided into two
categories. As for the first category, the spectrum leasing
problem in CRN is investigated by employing the widely-
used economical concepts [2, 3]. For example, [2] proposes
an auction framework in which an iterative and negotiation-
based approach is suggested for spectrum leasing in which
the PU and SUs update their parameters at each iteration,
to obtain maximum profit. The second category, the La-
grangian dual decomposition is adopted to solve such kind
of spectrum leasing problem, in which the globally optimal
resource allocation can be found [4, 5]. For example, by
using Lagrangian dual decomposition theory, [5] aims to de-
termine the cooperative power allocation strategies among
the primary and secondary systems so as to maximize the
sum-rate of SUs while maintaining quality-of-service (QoS)
requirements of PUs in multi-channel multi-user CRN.
As the extended works of spectrum leasing strategy via em-
ploying Lagrangian theory, in this paper we study the re-
source allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiplex-
ing (OFDM)-based CRN. We aim to optimally allocate three
types of wireless resources, power, subcarriers, relay nodes,
among the primary and secondary systems while guaran-
teeing the fairness of resource allocation. To the best of
our knowledge, such optimization has not been investigated
in the literature and is crucial for achieving the best sys-
tem performance. Specifically, based on a class of α-fair
utility [7], a fair power, subcarrier allocation and relay se-
lection policy is given. Besides, by taking into account
the time-varying nature of fading channels without a pri-
ori knowledge of the cumulative distribution function (cdf),
a stochastic resource allocation schemes is also put forward
to learn the underlying channel distribution by employing
the stochastic optimization to ols [6].